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EUTxO
- Main EUTxO paper
CEM are referenced and used as the state machine model for the Hydra on-chain protocol (see section 2.2, p8). The point is that the SM's state is modelled as the data part of a EUTxO where the transition step function is the ν-validator of the EUTxO. To make progress, a transaction is posted with an input referencing the State UTxO as redeemer to be validated by ν step function (or not).
The name Constraint Emitting Machine comes from the fact the transition relation (or step function) produces so-called TxConstraints which are
abstract predicates constraing the structure of the transaction the transition is part of. This enables linking both transitino and progress of the
state machine it self is the algorithm (or smart contract) data handling which the SM encodes.