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Building and Validating DNN Models for Forecasting the Quality of Cloud Services

This repository manages the files used in the empirical study of the paper: Building and Validating DNN Models for Forecasting the Quality of Cloud Servicest

The following section presents the results obtained for the 16 variables used to develop the experiment, as well as additional information related to them.

Index {#Home}

  1. Dataset
  2. Jupiter Notebook
  3. BI-GRU Accuracy Metrics
  4. LSTM Accuracy Metrics
  5. BI-GRU model predictions
  6. LSTM model predictions
  7. ARIMA model predictions
  8. AUTO ARIMA model predictions

1. Datasets {#Datos}

Representation of the datasets with the observations of 16 QoS metrics extracted from the cloud service SAlert monitoring.

Variable Dataset
Free Memory FreeMemory_data.jpg
Used Memory UsedMemory_data.jpg
Free Disk Free Disk_dataset.png
Used Disk Used Disk_dataset.png
Disk read/s Disk read_s_dataset.png
Disk write/s Disk write_s_dataset.png
NetBytes In NetBytes In_dataset.png
NetBytes Out NetBytes Out_dataset.png
NetPackets In NetPackets In_dataset.png
NetPackets Out NetPackets Out_dataset.png
Rx packets Rx packets_dataset.png
Tx packets Tx packets_dataset.png
CPU percent MemoryUsedpercent_dataset.png
Memory Used percent Used Memory_dataset.png
Disk Used percent Disk Used percent_dataset.png
Uptime Uptime_dataset.png

Index

2. Jupiter Notebook {#notebook}

The notebook is available on the link, and the directories required for execution are detailed on the readme.txt file

Open In Colab

The statistics used are available on the link Model statistics

Index

3. BI-GRU Accuracy Metrics {#MetricBiGru}

BI-GRU model performance evaluation using accuracy metrics RMSE, MAE, MAPE

Variable RMSE MAE MAPE
Free Memory
Iteration 1 Free Memory_mrse.png Free Memory_mae.png Free Memory_mape.png
Iteration 2 Free Memory_mrse.png Free Memory_mae.png Free Memory_mape.png
Iteration 3 Free Memory_mrse.png Free Memory_mae.png Free Memory_mape.png
Used Memory
Iteration 1 Used Memory_rsme.png Used Memory_mae.png Used Memory_mape.png
Iteration 2 Used Memory_rsme.png Used Memory_mae.png Used Memory_mape.png
Iteration 3 Used Memory_rsme.png Used Memory_mae.png Used Memory_mape.png
Free Disk
Iteration 1 FreeDisk_rsme.png FreeDisk_mae.png FreeDisk_mape.png
Iteration 2 FreeDisk_rsme.png FreeDisk_mae.png FreeDisk_mape.png
Iteration 3 FreeDisk_rsme.png FreeDisk_mae.png FreeDisk_mape.png
Used Disk
Iteration 1 Used Disk_rmse.png Used Disk_mae.png Used Disk_mape.png
Iteration 2 Used Disk_rmse.png Used Disk_mae.png Used Disk_mape.png
Iteration 3 Used Disk_rmse.png Used Disk_mae.png Used Disk_mape.png
Disk read/s
Iteration 1 Disk_read_s_rmse.png Disk_read_s_mae.png Disk_read_s_mape.png
Iteration 2 Disk_read_s_rmse.png Disk_read_s_mae.png Disk_read_s_mape.png
Iteration 3 Disk_read_s_rmse.png Disk_read_s_mae.png Disk_read_s_mape.png
Disk write/s
Iteration 1 Disk write_s_rmse.png Disk write_s_mae.png Disk write_s_mape.png
Iteration 2 Disk write_s_rmse.png Disk write_s_mae.png Disk write_s_mape.png
Iteration 3 Disk write_s_rmse.png Disk write_s_mae.png Disk write_s_mape.png
NetBytes In
Iteration 1 NetBytes In_rmse.png NetBytes In_mae.png NetBytes In_mape.png
Iteration 2 NetBytes In_rmse.png NetBytes In_mae.png NetBytes In_mape.png
Iteration 3 NetBytes In_rmse.png NetBytes In_mae.png NetBytes In_mape.png
NetBytes Out
Iteration 1 NetBytes Out_rmse.png NetBytes Out_mae.png NetBytes Out_mape.png
Iteration 2 NetBytes Out_rmse.png NetBytes Out_mae.png NetBytes Out_mape.png
Iteration 3 NetBytes Out_rmse.png NetBytes Out_mae.png NetBytes Out_mape.png
NetPackets In
Iteration 1 NetPackets In_rmse.png NetPackets In_mae.png NetPackets In_mape.png
Iteration 2 NetPackets In_rmse.png NetPackets In_mae.png NetPackets In_mape.png
Iteration 3 NetPackets In_rmse.png NetPackets In_mae.png NetPackets In_mape.png
NetPackets Out
Iteration 1 NetPackets Out_rmse.png NetPackets Out_mae.png NetPackets Out_mape.png
Iteration 2 NetPackets Out_rmse.png NetPackets Out_mae.png NetPackets Out_mape.png
Iteration 3 NetPackets Out_rmse.png NetPackets Out_mae.png NetPackets Out_mape.png
Rx packets
Iteration 1 Rx packets_rmse.png Rx packets_mae.png Rx packets_mape.png
Iteration 2 Rx packets_rmse.png Rx packets_mae.png Rx packets_mape.png
Iteration 3 Rx packets_rmse.png Rx packets_mae.png Rx packets_mape.png
Tx packets
Iteration 1 Tx packets_rmse.png Tx packets_mae.png Tx packets_mape.png
Iteration 2 Tx packets_rmse.png Tx packets_mae.png Tx packets_mape.png
Iteration 3 Tx packets_rmse.png Tx packets_mae.png Tx packets_mape.png
CPU percent
Iteration 1 CPU percent_mrse.png CPU percent_mae.png CPU percent_mape.png
Iteration 2 CPU percent_mrse.png CPU percent_mae.png CPU percent_mape.png
Iteration 3 CPU percent_mrse.png CPU percent_mae.png CPU percent_mape.png
Memory Used percent
Iteration 1 Memory Used percent_rmse.png Memory Used percent_mae.png Memory Used percent_mape.png
Iteration 2 Memory Used percent_rmse.png Memory Used percent_mae.png Memory Used percent_mape.png
Iteration 3 Memory Used percent_rmse.png Memory Used percent_mae.png Memory Used percent_mape.png
Disk Used percent
Iteration 1 Disk Used percent_rmse.png Disk Used percent_mae.png Disk Used percent_mape.png
Iteration 2 Disk Used percent_rmse.png Disk Used percent_mae.png Disk Used percent_mape.png
Iteration 3 Disk Used percent_rmse.png Disk Used percent_mae.png Disk Used percent_mape.png
Uptime
Iteration 1 Uptime_rmse.png Uptime_mae.png Uptime_mape.png
Iteration 2 Uptime_rmse.png Uptime_mae.png Uptime_mape.png
Iteration 3 Uptime_rmse.png Uptime_mae.png Uptime_mape.png

Index

4. LSTM Accuracy Metrics {#Metric}

LSTM model performance evaluation using accuracy metrics RMSE, MAE, MAPE

Variable RMSE MAE MAPE
Free Memory
Iteration 1 Free Memory_mrse.png Free Memory_mae.png Free Memory_mape.png
Iteration 2 Free Memory_mrse.png Free Memory_mae.png Free Memory_mape.png
Iteration 3 Free Memory_mrse.png Free Memory_mae.png Free Memory_mape.png
Used Memory
Iteration 1 Used Memory_rsme.png Used Memory_mae.png Used Memory_mape.png
Iteration 2 Used Memory_rsme.png Used Memory_mae.png Used Memory_mape.png
Iteration 3 Used Memory_rsme.png Used Memory_mae.png Used Memory_mape.png
Free Disk
Iteration 1 FreeDisk_rsme.png FreeDisk_mae.png FreeDisk_mape.png
Iteration 2 FreeDisk_rsme.png FreeDisk_mae.png FreeDisk_mape.png
Iteration 3 FreeDisk_rsme.png FreeDisk_mae.png FreeDisk_mape.png
Used Disk
Iteration 1 Used Disk_rmse.png Used Disk_mae.png Used Disk_mape.png
Iteration 2 Used Disk_rmse.png Used Disk_mae.png Used Disk_mape.png
Iteration 3 Used Disk_rmse.png Used Disk_mae.png Used Disk_mape.png
Disk read/s
Iteration 1 Disk_read_s_rmse.png Disk_read_s_mae.png Disk_read_s_mape.png
Iteration 2 Disk_read_s_rmse.png Disk_read_s_mae.png Disk_read_s_mape.png
Iteration 3 Disk_read_s_rmse.png Disk_read_s_mae.png Disk_read_s_mape.png
Disk write/s
Iteration 1 Disk write_s_rmse.png Disk write_s_mae.png Disk write_s_mape.png
Iteration 2 Disk write_s_rmse.png Disk write_s_mae.png Disk write_s_mape.png
Iteration 3 Disk write_s_rmse.png Disk write_s_mae.png Disk write_s_mape.png
NetBytes In
Iteration 1 NetBytes In_rmse.png NetBytes In_mae.png NetBytes In_mape.png
Iteration 2 NetBytes In_rmse.png NetBytes In_mae.png NetBytes In_mape.png
Iteration 3 NetBytes In_rmse.png NetBytes In_mae.png NetBytes In_mape.png
NetBytes Out
Iteration 1 NetBytes Out_rmse.png NetBytes Out_mae.png NetBytes Out_mape.png
Iteration 2 NetBytes Out_rmse.png NetBytes Out_mae.png NetBytes Out_mape.png
Iteration 3 NetBytes Out_rmse.png NetBytes Out_mae.png NetBytes Out_mape.png
NetPackets In
Iteration 1 NetPackets In_rmse.png NetPackets In_mae.png NetPackets In_mape.png
Iteration 2 NetPackets In_rmse.png NetPackets In_mae.png NetPackets In_mape.png
Iteration 3 NetPackets In_rmse.png NetPackets In_mae.png NetPackets In_mape.png
NetPackets Out
Iteration 1 NetPackets Out_rmse.png NetPackets Out_mae.png NetPackets Out_mape.png
Iteration 2 NetPackets Out_rmse.png NetPackets Out_mae.png NetPackets Out_mape.png
Iteration 3 NetPackets Out_rmse.png NetPackets Out_mae.png NetPackets Out_mape.png
Rx packets
Iteration 1 Rx packets_rmse.png Rx packets_mae.png Rx packets_mape.png
Iteration 2 Rx packets_rmse.png Rx packets_mae.png Rx packets_mape.png
Iteration 3 Rx packets_rmse.png Rx packets_mae.png Rx packets_mape.png
Tx packets
Iteration 1 Tx packets_rmse.png Tx packets_mae.png Tx packets_mape.png
Iteration 2 Tx packets_rmse.png Tx packets_mae.png Tx packets_mape.png
Iteration 3 Tx packets_rmse.png Tx packets_mae.png Tx packets_mape.png
CPU percent
Iteration 1 CPU percent_mrse.png CPU percent_mae.png CPU percent_mape.png
Iteration 2 CPU percent_mrse.png CPU percent_mae.png CPU percent_mape.png
Iteration 3 CPU percent_mrse.png CPU percent_mae.png CPU percent_mape.png
Memory Used percent
Iteration 1 Memory Used percent_rmse.png Memory Used percent_mae.png Memory Used percent_mape.png
Iteration 2 Memory Used percent_rmse.png Memory Used percent_mae.png Memory Used percent_mape.png
Iteration 3 Memory Used percent_rmse.png Memory Used percent_mae.png Memory Used percent_mape.png
Disk Used percent
Iteration 1 Disk Used percent_rmse.png Disk Used percent_mae.png Disk Used percent_mape.png
Iteration 2 Disk Used percent_rmse.png Disk Used percent_mae.png Disk Used percent_mape.png
Iteration 3 Disk Used percent_rmse.png Disk Used percent_mae.png Disk Used percent_mape.png
Uptime
Iteration 1 Uptime_rmse.png Uptime_mae.png Uptime_mape.png
Iteration 2 Uptime_rmse.png Uptime_mae.png Uptime_mape.png
Iteration 3 Uptime_rmse.png Uptime_mae.png Uptime_mape.png

Index

5. BI-GRU Model Prediction {#BIGRU}

BI-GRU Model fitting with prequential cross-validation

Variable Iteration 1 Iteration 2 Iteration 3
Free Memory Free Memory_test.png Free Memory_test.png Free Memory_test.png
Used Memory Used Memory_test.png Used Memory_test.png Used Memory_test.png
Free Disk Free Disk_test.png Free Disk_test.png Free Disk_test.png
Used Disk Used Disk_test.png Used Disk_test.png Used Disk_test.png
Disk read/s Disk read_s_test.png Disk read_s_test.png Disk read_s_test.png
Disk write/s Disk write_s_test.png Disk write_s_test.png Disk write_s_test.png
NetBytes In NetBytes In_test.png NetBytes In_test.png NetBytes In_test.png
NetBytes Out NetBytes Out_test.png NetBytes Out_test.png NetBytes Out_test.png
NetPackets In NetPackets In_test.png NetPackets In_test.png NetPackets In_test.png
NetPackets Out NetPackets Out_test.png NetPackets Out_test.png NetPackets Out_test.png
Rx packets Rx packets_test.png Rx packets_test.png Rx packets_test.png
Tx packets Tx packets_test.png Tx packets_test.png Tx packets_test.png
CPU percent CPU percent_test.png CPU percent_test.png CPU percent_test.png
Memory Used percent Memory Used percent_test.png Memory Used percent_test.png Memory Used percent_test.png
Disk Used percent Disk Used percent_test.png Disk Used percent_test.png Disk Used percent_test.png
Uptime Uptime_test.png Uptime_test.png Uptime_test.png

Index

6. LSTM Model Prediction {#LSTM}

LSTM Model fitting with prequential cross-validation

Variable Iteration 1 Iteration 2 Iteration 3
Free Memory Free Memory_test.png Free Memory_test.png Free Memory_test.png
Used Memory Used Memory_test.png Used Memory_test.png Used Memory_test.png
Free Disk Free Disk_test.png Free Disk_test.png Free Disk_test.png
Used Disk Used Disk_test.png Used Disk_test.png Used Disk_test.png
Disk read/s Disk read_s_test.png Disk read_s_test.png Disk read_s_test.png
Disk write/s Disk write_s_test.png Disk write_s_test.png Disk write_s_test.png
NetBytes In NetBytes In_test.png NetBytes In_test.png NetBytes In_test.png
NetBytes Out NetBytes Out_test.png NetBytes Out_test.png NetBytes Out_test.png
NetPackets In NetPackets In_test.png NetPackets In_test.png NetPackets In_test.png
NetPackets Out NetPackets Out_test.png NetPackets Out_test.png NetPackets Out_test.png
Rx packets Rx packets_test.png Rx packets_test.png Rx packets_test.png
Tx packets Tx packets_test.png Tx packets_test.png Tx packets_test.png
CPU percent CPU percent_test.png CPU percent_test.png CPU percent_test.png
Memory Used percent Memory Used percent_test.png Memory Used percent_test.png Memory Used percent_test.png
Disk Used percent Disk Used percent_test.png Disk Used percent_test.png Disk Used percent_test.png
Uptime Uptime_test.png Uptime_test.png Uptime_test.png

Index

7. ARIMA Model Prediction {#ARIMA}

ARIMA Model fitting with prequential cross-validation

Variable Iteration 1 Iteration 2 Iteration 3
Free Memory FreeMemory_.png FreeMemory_.png FreeMemory_.png
Used Memory UsedMemory_.png UsedMemory_.png UsedMemory_.png
Free Disk FreeDisk_test.png FreeDisk_test.png FreeDisk_test.png
Used Disk UsedDisk_test.png UsedDisk_test.png UsedDisk_test.png
Disk read/s Diskreads_test.png Diskreads_test.png Diskreads_test.png
Disk write/s Diskwrites_test.png Diskwrites_test.png Diskwrites_test.png
NetBytes In NetBytes In_test.png NetBytes In_test.png NetBytes In_test.png
NetBytes Out NetBytesOut_test.png NetBytesOut_test.png NetBytesOut_test.png
NetPackets In NetPacketsIn_test.png NetPacketsIn_test.png NetPacketsIn_test.png
NetPackets Out NetPacketsOut_test.png NetPacketsOut_test.png NetPacketsOut_test.png
Rx packets Rxpackets_test.png Rxpackets_test.png Rxpackets_test.png
Tx packets Txpackets_test.png Txpackets_test.png Txpackets_test.png
CPU percent CPUpercent_test.png CPUpercent_test.png CPUpercent_test.png
Memory Used percent MemoryUsedpercent_test.png MemoryUsedpercent_test.png MemoryUsedpercent_test.png
Disk Used percent DiskUsedpercent_test.png DiskUsedpercent_test.png DiskUsedpercent_test.png
Uptime Uptime_rmse.png Uptime_mae.png Uptime_mape.png

Index

8. AUTOARIMA Model Prediction {#AUTOARIMA}

ARIMA Model auto fitting with prequential cross-validation

Variable Iteration 1 Iteration 2 Iteration 3
Free Memory FreeMemory_.png FreeMemory_.png FreeMemory_.png
Used Memory UsedMemory_.png UsedMemory_.png UsedMemory_.png
Free Disk FreeDisk_test.png FreeDisk_test.png FreeDisk_test.png
Used Disk UsedDisk_test.png UsedDisk_test.png UsedDisk_test.png
Disk read/s Diskreads_test.png Diskreads_test.png Diskreads_test.png

Index

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