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SPARQL String. Unicode escapes exclude surrogates
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<h2>Abstract</h2>
<p>
RDF is a directed, labeled graph data model for representing information in the
Web. This specification defines the syntax and semantics of the SPARQL query language for
Web. This specification defines the syntax and semantics of the SPARQL Query Language for
RDF. SPARQL can be used to express queries across diverse data sources, whether the data is
stored natively as RDF or viewed as RDF via middleware. SPARQL contains capabilities for
querying required and optional graph patterns along with their conjunctions and
Expand All @@ -374,11 +374,11 @@ <h2>Introduction</h2>
RDF is a directed, labeled graph data model for representing information in the Web. RDF is
often used to represent, among other things, personal information, social networks, metadata
about digital artifacts, as well as to provide a means of integration over disparate sources of
information. This specification defines the syntax and semantics of the SPARQL query language
information. This specification defines the syntax and semantics of the SPARQL Query Language
for RDF.
</p>
<p>
The SPARQL query language for RDF is designed to meet the use cases and
The SPARQL Query Language for RDF is designed to meet the use cases and
requirements identified by the RDF Data Access Working Group in [[RDF-DAWG-UC]],
the SPARQL 1.1 Working Group in [[SPARQL-FEATURES]], and the RDF-star Working Group.
</p>
Expand All @@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ <h3>Document Outline</h3>
</p>
<p>
This section of the document, <a href="#introduction">section 1</a>, introduces the SPARQL
query language specification. It presents the organization of this specification document and
Query Language specification. It presents the organization of this specification document and
the conventions used throughout the specification.
</p>
<p>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -5364,7 +5364,7 @@ <h4>Operator Extensibility</h4>
</section>
<section id="SparqlOps">
<h3>Function Definitions</h3>
<p>This section defines the operators and functions introduced by the SPARQL Query language.
<p>This section defines the operators and functions introduced by the SPARQL query language.
The examples show the behavior of the operators as invoked by the appropriate grammatical
constructs.</p>
<section id="func-forms">
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -10510,30 +10510,49 @@ <h4>Notes</h4>
<h2>SPARQL Grammar</h2>
<p>The SPARQL grammar covers both SPARQL Query and [[[SPARQL11-UPDATE]]].</p>
<section id="queryString">
<h3>SPARQL Request String</h3>
<h3>SPARQL String</h3>
<p>
A <dfn data-lt="SPARQLRequestString">SPARQL Request String</dfn> is
a <a>SPARQL Query String</a> or <a>SPARQL Update String</a> and is a Unicode character string
(c.f. section 6.1 String concepts of [[CHARMOD]]) in the language defined by the following
grammar.</p>
<span id="defn_SPARQLRequestString"></span>
A <dfn>SPARQL string</dfn> is an
<a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-rdf-string">RDF string</a> that
conforms to the grammar given in this section.
</p>
<p class="note">
An <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-rdf-string">RDF string</a> is
a sequence of
<a data-cite="I18N-GLOSSARY#dfn-code-point" class="lint-ignore">Unicode code points</a>
which are <a data-cite="I18N-GLOSSARY#dfn-scalar-value" class="lint-ignore">Unicode scalar values</a>.
Unicode scalar values do not include the
<a data-cite="I18N-GLOSSARY#dfn-surrogate" class="lint-ignore">surrogate code points</a>.
</p>
<p>
A <dfn data-lt="SPARQLQueryString">SPARQL Query String</dfn> starts
at the <a href="#rQueryUnit">QueryUnit</a> production.</p>
<span id="defn_SPARQLQueryString"></span>
A <dfn>SPARQL query string</dfn> is a
<a>SPARQL string</a> that conforms to the grammar starting at
the <a href="#rQueryUnit">QueryUnit</a> production.
</p>
<p>
A <dfn data-lt="SPARQLUpdateString">SPARQL Update String</dfn> starts
at the <a href="#rUpdateUnit">UpdateUnit</a> production.</p>
<p>For compatibility with future versions of Unicode, the characters in this string may
<span id="defn_SPARQLUpdateString"></span>
A <dfn>SPARQL update string</dfn> is a
<a>SPARQL string</a> that conforms to the grammar starting at
the <a href="#rUpdateUnit">UpdateUnit</a> production.
</p>
<p>
For compatibility with future versions of Unicode, the characters in this string may
include Unicode codepoints that are unassigned as of the date of this publication (see
[[[UAX31]]] [[UAX31]] section 4 Pattern Syntax). For productions with excluded character
classes (for example <code>[^&lt;&gt;'{}|^`]</code>), the characters are excluded from the
range <code>#x0 - #x10FFFF</code>.</p>
range <code>#x0 - #x10FFFF</code>.
</p>
</section>

<section id="codepointEscape">
<h3>Codepoint Escape Sequences</h3>
<p>A SPARQL Query String is processed for codepoint escape sequences before parsing by the
<p>
A <a>SPARQL string</a> is processed for codepoint escape sequences before parsing by the
grammar defined in EBNF below. The codepoint escape sequences for a SPARQL query string
are:</p>
are:
</p>
<span class="doc-ref" id="table68"></span>
<table title="Codepoint escapes">
<colgroup>
Expand All @@ -10551,15 +10570,19 @@ <h3>Codepoint Escape Sequences</h3>
<a href="#HEX">HEX</a> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a>
</td>
<td>A Unicode code point in the range U+0 to U+FFFF inclusive corresponding to the
encoded hexadecimal value.</td>
encoded hexadecimal value, excluding U+D800 to U+DFFF, the
<a data-cite="I18N-GLOSSARY#dfn-surrogate">surrogate code points</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="token">'\U'</span> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a>
<a href="#HEX">HEX</a> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a>
</td>
<td>A Unicode code point in the range U+0 to U+10FFFF inclusive corresponding to the
encoded hexadecimal value.</td>
encoded hexadecimal value, excluding U+D800 to U+DFFF, the
<a data-cite="I18N-GLOSSARY#dfn-surrogate">surrogate code points</a>.

</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Expand All @@ -10572,13 +10595,16 @@ <h3>Codepoint Escape Sequences</h3>
&lt;ab\u00E9xy&gt; # Codepoint 00E9 is Latin small e with acute - é
\u03B1:a # Codepoint x03B1 is Greek small alpha - α
a\u003Ab # a:b -- codepoint x3A is colon</pre>
<p>Codepoint escape sequences can appear anywhere in the query string. They are processed
<p>
Codepoint escape sequences can appear anywhere in the query string. They are processed
before parsing based on the grammar rules and so may be replaced by codepoints with
significance in the grammar, such as "<code>:</code>" marking a prefixed name.</p>
significance in the grammar, such as "<code>:</code>" marking a prefixed name.
</p>
<p>These escape sequences are not included in the grammar below. Only escape sequences for
characters that would be legal at that point in the grammar may be given. For example, the
variable "<code>?x\u0020y</code>" is not legal (<code>\u0020</code> is a space and is not
permitted in a variable name).</p>
permitted in a variable name).
</p>
</section>
<section id="whitespace">
<h3>White Space</h3>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -10626,22 +10652,22 @@ <h3>Blank Nodes and Blank Node Identifiers</h3>
<li><code><a href="#rDeleteData">DELETE DATA</a></code></li>
<li>a <code><a href="#rDeleteClause">DeleteClause</a></code></li>
</ul>
<p>in a <a data-cite="SPARQL11-UPDATE#terminology">SPARQL Update
<p>in a <a data-cite="SPARQL11-UPDATE#terminology">SPARQL update
request</a>.
</p>
<p>
<a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-blank-node-identifier">Blank node identifiers</a>
are scoped to the <a>SPARQL Request String</a> in which they occur.
are scoped to the <a>SPARQL string</a> in which they occur.
Different uses of the same blank node identifier in a request
string refer to the same blank node. Fresh blank nodes are generated for each request;
blank nodes can not be referenced by identifier across requests.</p>
<p>The same blank node identifier can not be used in:</p>
<ul>
<li>two separate basic graph patterns in a SPARQL Query</li>
<li>two <code><a href="#rModify">WHERE</a></code> clauses within a single SPARQL Update
<li>two <code><a href="#rModify">WHERE</a></code> clauses within a single SPARQL update
request</li>
<li>two <code><a href="#rInsertData">INSERT DATA</a></code> operations within a single
SPARQL Update request</li>
SPARQL update request</li>
</ul>
<p>Note that the same blank node identifier can occur in different
<a href="#rQuadPattern">QuadPattern</a> clauses in a [[[SPARQL11-UPDATE]]] request.</p>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -10720,8 +10746,8 @@ <h3>Grammar</h3>
<li>Escape sequences are case sensitive.</li>
<li>When tokenizing the input and choosing grammar rules, the longest match is chosen.</li>
<li>The SPARQL grammar is LL(1) when the rules with uppercased names are used as terminals.</li>
<li>There are two entry points into the grammar: <code>QueryUnit</code> for SPARQL queries,
and <code>UpdateUnit</code> for SPARQL Update requests.</li>
<li>There are two entry points into the grammar: <code>QueryUnit</code> for the SPARQL query language
and <code>UpdateUnit</code> for the SPARQL update language.</li>
<li>In signed numbers, no white space is allowed between the sign and the number.
The <code><a href="#rAdditiveExpression">AdditiveExpression</a></code> grammar rule allows for this by
covering the two cases of an expression followed by a signed number. These
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -12123,7 +12149,7 @@ <h3>Grammar</h3>
<section id="conformance">
<h2>Conformance</h2>
<p>See Section <a href="#grammar">19 SPARQL Grammar</a> regarding conformance of
<a>SPARQL Query strings</a>, and section
<a>SPARQL query strings</a>, and section
<a href="#QueryForms">16 Query Forms</a> for conformance of query results.
See section <a href="#mediaType">22. Internet Media Type</a> for conformance
to the application/sparql-query media type.</p>
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