Skip to content

Commit

Permalink
Update hapax_legomena.ipynb
Browse files Browse the repository at this point in the history
  • Loading branch information
tonyjurg committed Dec 11, 2023
1 parent 67ee31a commit 7dc6d03
Showing 1 changed file with 21 additions and 13 deletions.
34 changes: 21 additions & 13 deletions docs/usecases/hapax_legomena.ipynb
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -5,9 +5,7 @@
"id": "80d38a5a-973c-46a7-a042-a2c53019254f",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Hapax legomena (Nestle1904GBI)\n",
"\n",
"**Work in progress**"
"# Hapax legomena (Nestle1904GBI)"
]
},
{
Expand All @@ -21,8 +19,7 @@
" * <a href=\"#bullet1x2\">1.2 - Translating into Text-Fabric queries</a>\n",
"* <a href=\"#bullet2\">2 - Load Text-Fabric app and data</a>\n",
"* <a href=\"#bullet3\">3 - Performing the queries</a>\n",
" * <a href=\"#bullet3x1\">3.1 - TBD</a>\n",
" * <a href=\"#bullet3x2\">3.2 - TBD</a>\n",
" * <a href=\"#bullet3x1\">3.1 - Find the hapax legomena (words)</a>\n",
"* <a href=\"#bullet4\">4 - Footnotes and attribution</a>\n",
"* <a href=\"#bullet5\">5 - Required libraries</a>"
]
Expand All @@ -35,7 +32,7 @@
"# 1 - Introduction <a class=\"anchor\" id=\"bullet1\"></a>\n",
"##### [Back to TOC](#TOC)\n",
"\n",
"A hapax legomenon (plural: hapax legomena) is a term used in linguistics and literary analysis to refer to a word or expression that appears only once in a specific corpus. In the context of the Bible, hapax legomena are words that occur only once in the entire biblical text."
"A *hapax legomenon* (plural: *hapax legomena*) is a term used in linguistics and literary analysis to refer to a word or idiomatic expression that appears only once in a specific corpus. In the context of the Bible, *hapax legomena* are words that occur only once in the entire biblical text."
]
},
{
Expand All @@ -45,12 +42,12 @@
"source": [
"## 1.1 - Why is this relevant? <a class=\"anchor\" id=\"bullet1x1\"></a>\n",
"\n",
"Hapax legomena, being unique words in the context of a corpus, can pose challenges for translators and scholars because their meanings may not be evident from their context, as there are no other occurrences to provide insights.\n",
"*Hapax legomena*, being unique words in the context of a corpus, can pose challenges for translators and scholars because their meanings may not be evident from their context, as there are no other occurrences to provide insights.\n",
"\n",
"Although a list of hapax legomenon can be computed rather easily, the usefullnes of such a list is limited, as there are various types of border cases. Hence, a list provided below has limited value and should be critically examined.\n",
"Although a list of *hapax legomenon* can be computed rather easily, the usefullnes of such a list is limited, as there are various types of border cases. Hence, a list provided below has limited value and should be critically examined.\n",
"\n",
"* Technically not a hapax, but in practice, it could be regarded as such. For example, the Greek word ἐπιούσιος is found only twice, in the Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:11 and Luke 11:3), where its precise meaning is uncertain, leading to various interpretations such as \"daily,\" \"necessary,\" or \"supernatural.\"\n",
"* Technically a hapax legomenon for the New Testament, but found in the Septuagint (LXX). For example, a name (e.g., Δανιήλ) may not have any uncertain meaning. The meaning of other words may be clear from context or found in parallel corpora like the LXX."
"* Technically not a *hapax legomenon*, but in practice, it could be regarded as such. For example, the Greek word ἐπιούσιος is found only twice (so it is actualy a *dis legomenon*), in the Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:11 and Luke 11:3), where its precise meaning is uncertain, leading to various interpretations such as \"daily,\" \"necessary,\" or \"supernatural.\" <a href=\"#note1\">(note 1)</a>\n",
"* Technically a *hapax legomenon* for the New Testament, but found in the Septuagint (LXX). For example, a name (e.g., Δανιήλ) may not have any uncertain meaning. The meaning of other words may be clear from context or found in parallel corpora like the LXX."
]
},
{
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2007,6 +2004,15 @@
"##### [Back to TOC](#TOC)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4268f6cc-c001-466f-b42e-d0185d02b770",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 3.1 - Find the hapax legomena (words)<a class=\"anchor\" id=\"bullet3x1\"></a>\n",
"##### [Back to TOC](#TOC)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "a11aa12e-eee4-444b-b86d-e3bd07362701",
Expand All @@ -2016,9 +2022,9 @@
"\n",
" * normalized: This is basicly a 'cleaned up' version of the surface text. It does take into account forms where inflections of verbs and declensions of nouns are considered as separate words. The normalization is required to account for variations in accentuation.\n",
"\n",
" * lemma: here the base or root form of words, known as lemmas, serves as the basis for frequency calculations. \n",
" * lemma: here the base or root form of words, known as lemmas, serves as the basis for frequency calculations. When based upon feature \"lemma\", there are a few instances reported which refer to a specific sense associated with that lemma. For example, lemma=\"βάτος (II)\" is only found once (in Luke 16:6), while lemma=\"βάτος (I)\" is found five times in the NT. \n",
" \n",
"The latter approach represents the customary interpretation for ascertaining hapax legomena."
"Note that the latter approach represents the customary interpretation for ascertaining hapax legomena."
]
},
{
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -3985,7 +3991,9 @@
"# 4 - Footnotes and attribution <a class=\"anchor\" id=\"bullet4\"></a>\n",
"##### [Back to TOC](#TOC)\n",
"\n",
"TBD"
"#### Note 1 (on ἐπιούσιος) <a class=\"anchor\" id=\"note1\">\n",
" \n",
"See the extensive discussion on ἐπιούσιος in: Brant Pitre, *Jesus and the Jewish Roots of the Eucharist, Unlocking the Secrets of the Last Supper* (New York: Doubleday, 2011), 93-96; *pasim*."
]
},
{
Expand Down

0 comments on commit 7dc6d03

Please sign in to comment.