feat: add `_timeout` variants to blocking executions #2983

Job	Run time
cargo clippy	14s
cargo +1.36 build (futures-{core, io, sink})	40s
cargo bench	44s
cargo +stable build	32s
cargo +beta build	38s
cargo doc	17s
cargo +nightly build	33s
cargo fmt	9s
cargo hack check --feature-powerset	2m 22s
cargo minimal-versions build	23s
cargo miri test	4m 0s
cargo build --target thumbv7m-none-eabi	23s
cargo test -Z sanitizer=address	3m 31s
cargo build --target thumbv6m-none-eabi	26s
cargo test -Z sanitizer=memory	3m 59s
cargo test (ubuntu-latest)	2m 48s
cargo +1.56 build	1m 14s
cargo test -Z sanitizer=thread	2m 37s
cargo test (macos-latest)	4m 1s
cargo test (windows-latest)	3m 53s
cargo test (ubuntu-latest, aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu)	3m 35s
cargo test (ubuntu-latest, armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf)	4m 1s
cargo test (ubuntu-latest, armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi)	3m 59s
cargo test (ubuntu-latest, i686-unknown-linux-gnu)	3m 30s
	48m 29s

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