refactor: [AXM-1220] make base api client for badges

[kyrylo-kh]

Run JavaScript tests locally with Karma

There is work being done on a fix to get Karma to run in CI. Until then, however, contributors are required to run these tests locally.

• Make sure you are inside the devstack container
• Run make test-karma
• All tests pass

[kyrylo-kh]

All tests passed

========================= test session starts ==========================
platform linux -- Python 3.11.9, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0
django: version: 4.2.16, settings: credentials.settings.test (from option)
rootdir: /openedx/credentials
configfile: pytest.ini
plugins: Faker-33.1.0, django-4.9.0
collected 8 items

credentials/apps/badges/tests/test_api_client.py ........                                                                             [100%]