test: Add various tests

[lukemanley]

New tests added for the following already fixed issues:

closes #8632
closes #14331
closes #17173
closes #17230
closes #18026

The following issues appears to be fixed and already tested (noted below). This PR does not add any new tests for these issues.

closes #10047 - test_list.py::test_sort
closes #17745 - test_explode.py::test_explode_struct_nulls
closes #17820 - test_array.py::test_array_arithmetic_values
closes #18516 - test_ipc.py::test_ipc_variadic_buffers_categorical_binview_18636
closes #18671 - test_csv.py::test_write_csv_passing_params_18825
closes #17221 - test_join.py::test_join_numeric_type_upcast_15338

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 79.74%. Comparing base (725c960) to head (23307c5).
Report is 5 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #20768      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   79.74%   79.74%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        1561     1561              
  Lines      222012   222012              
  Branches     2530     2530              
==========================================
- Hits       177049   177037      -12     
- Misses      44381    44393      +12     
  Partials      582      582              

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