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| <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content=" "><title>bpaf::_documentation::_0_intro - Rust</title><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../static.files/SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../static.files/FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../static.files/FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../static.files/SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../static.files/SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../static.files/rustdoc-ac92e1bbe349e143.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../../" data-static-root-path="../../../static.files/" data-current-crate="bpaf" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.76.0 (07dca489a 2024-02-04)" data-channel="1.76.0" data-search-js="search-2b6ce74ff89ae146.js" data-settings-js="settings-4313503d2e1961c2.js" ><script src="../../../static.files/storage-f2adc0d6ca4d09fb.js"></script><script defer src="../sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../../static.files/main-305769736d49e732.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../static.files/noscript-feafe1bb7466e4bd.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../../static.files/favicon-16x16-8b506e7a72182f1c.png"><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../../static.files/favicon-32x32-422f7d1d52889060.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../../../static.files/favicon-2c020d218678b618.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc mod"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle">☰</button></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../../../bpaf/index.html">bpaf</a><span class="version">0.9.10</span></h2></div><h2 class="location"><a href="#">Module _0_intro</a></h2><div class="sidebar-elems"><h2><a href="../index.html">In bpaf::_documentation</a></h2></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div> | ||
| <main><div class="width-limiter"><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form"><span></span><div id="sidebar-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../../bpaf/all.html" title="show sidebar"></a></div><input class="search-input" name="search" aria-label="Run search in the documentation" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"><div id="help-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../../help.html" title="help">?</a></div><div id="settings-menu" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../../settings.html" title="settings"><img width="22" height="22" alt="Change settings" src="../../../static.files/wheel-7b819b6101059cd0.svg"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><h1>Module <a href="../../index.html">bpaf</a>::<wbr><a href="../index.html">_documentation</a>::<wbr><a class="mod" href="#">_0_intro</a><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard"><img src="../../../static.files/clipboard-7571035ce49a181d.svg" width="19" height="18" alt="Copy item path"></button></h1><span class="out-of-band"><a class="src" href="../../../src/bpaf/_documentation.rs.html#11">source</a> · <button id="toggle-all-docs" title="collapse all docs">[<span>−</span>]</button></span></div><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p> </p> | ||
| <table width='100%' cellspacing='0' style='border: hidden;'><tr> | ||
| <td style='width: 33%; text-align: left;'> | ||
| </td> | ||
| <td style='width: 34%; text-align: center;'> | ||
| <p><a href="../index.html" title="mod bpaf::_documentation">↑ Project documentation ↑</a></p> | ||
| </td> | ||
| <td style='width: 33%; text-align: right;'> | ||
| <p><a href="../_1_tutorials/index.html" title="mod bpaf::_documentation::_1_tutorials">Tutorials →</a></p> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr></table> | ||
| <h5 id="introduction-and-design-goals"><a href="#introduction-and-design-goals">Introduction and design goals</a></h5> | ||
| <p>A quick intro. What, why and how</p> | ||
| <p><code>bpaf</code> is a lightweight and flexible command line parser that uses both combinatoric and derive | ||
| style API</p> | ||
| <p>Combinatoric API usually means a bit more typing but no dependency on proc macros and more help | ||
| from the IDE, derive API uses proc macro to save on typing but your IDE will be less likely to | ||
| help you. Picking one API style does not lock you out from using the other style, you can mix | ||
| and match both in a single parser</p> | ||
| <h2 id="examples-of-both-styles"><a href="#examples-of-both-styles">Examples of both styles</a></h2><details><summary>Combinatoric example</summary> | ||
|
|
||
| <div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>bpaf::<span class="kw-2">*</span>; | ||
|
|
||
| <span class="attr">#[derive(Debug, Clone)] | ||
| </span><span class="kw">pub struct </span>Options { | ||
| message: String, | ||
| } | ||
|
|
||
| <span class="kw">pub fn </span>options() -> OptionParser<Options> { | ||
| <span class="kw">let </span>message = positional(<span class="string">"MESSAGE"</span>).help(<span class="string">"Message to print in a big friendly letters"</span>); | ||
| <span class="macro">construct!</span>(Options { message }).to_options() | ||
| } | ||
|
|
||
| <span class="kw">fn </span>main() { | ||
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"{:?}"</span>, options().run()) | ||
| }</code></pre></div> | ||
| </details> | ||
| <details><summary>Derive example</summary> | ||
|
|
||
| <div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>bpaf::<span class="kw-2">*</span>; | ||
|
|
||
| <span class="attr">#[derive(Debug, Clone, Bpaf)] | ||
| #[bpaf(options)] | ||
| </span><span class="kw">pub struct </span>Options { | ||
| <span class="doccomment">/// Message to print in a big friendly letters | ||
| </span><span class="attr">#[bpaf(positional(<span class="string">"MESSAGE"</span>))] | ||
| </span>message: String, | ||
| } | ||
|
|
||
| <span class="kw">fn </span>main() { | ||
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"{:?}"</span>, options().run()) | ||
| }</code></pre></div> | ||
| </details> | ||
| <details><summary>Output</summary> | ||
| <p>With everything in place users should be able to pass their arguments</p> | ||
| <div class='bpaf-doc'> | ||
| $ app "Hello world"<br> | ||
| Options { message: "Hello world" } | ||
| </div> | ||
| <p>As well as read the help message generated by the library</p> | ||
| <div class='bpaf-doc'> | ||
| $ app --help<br> | ||
| <p><b>Usage</b>: <tt><b>app</b></tt> <tt><i>MESSAGE</i></tt></p><p><div> | ||
| <b>Available positional items:</b></div><dl><dt><tt><i>MESSAGE</i></tt></dt> | ||
| <dd>Message to print in a big friendly letters</dd> | ||
| </dl> | ||
| </p><p><div> | ||
| <b>Available options:</b></div><dl><dt><tt><b>-h</b></tt>, <tt><b>--help</b></tt></dt> | ||
| <dd>Prints help information</dd> | ||
| </dl> | ||
| </p> | ||
| <style> | ||
| div.bpaf-doc { | ||
| padding: 14px; | ||
| background-color:var(--code-block-background-color); | ||
| font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; | ||
| margin-bottom: 0.75em; | ||
| } | ||
| div.bpaf-doc dt { margin-left: 1em; } | ||
| div.bpaf-doc dd { margin-left: 3em; } | ||
| div.bpaf-doc dl { margin-top: 0; padding-left: 1em; } | ||
| div.bpaf-doc { padding-left: 1em; } | ||
| </style> | ||
| </div> | ||
| </details> | ||
| <h2 id="design-goals"><a href="#design-goals">Design goals</a></h2><h3 id="parse-dont-validate"><a href="#parse-dont-validate">Parse, don’t validate</a></h3> | ||
| <p><code>bpaf</code> tries hard to let you move as many invariants about the user input you are | ||
| trying to parse into rust types: for mutually exclusive options you can get <code>enum</code> with | ||
| exclusive items going into separate branches, and you can collect results into types like | ||
| <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.76.0/alloc/collections/btree/set/struct.BTreeSet.html" title="struct alloc::collections::btree::set::BTreeSet"><code>BTreeSet</code></a>, or whatever custom type you might have with | ||
| custom parsing. Ideas for | ||
| <a href="https://geeklaunch.io/blog/make-invalid-states-unrepresentable/">making invalid states unrepresentable</a> | ||
| and <a href="https://lexi-lambda.github.io/blog/2019/11/05/parse-don-t-validate/">using parsing over validation</a> | ||
| are not new.</p> | ||
| <p>That said you can also validate your inputs if this fits your situation better. If you want to | ||
| ensure that the sum of every numeric field must be divisible by both 3 and 5, but only when it’s | ||
| Thursday - you can do that too.</p> | ||
| <h3 id="flexibility"><a href="#flexibility">Flexibility</a></h3> | ||
| <p>While aiming to be a general-purpose command line parser <code>bpaf</code> offers a few backdoors that | ||
| allow you to parse pretty much anything you want: chained commands, custom blocks of options, | ||
| DOS-style options (<code>/ofile.pas</code>), <code>dd</code> style options (<code>if=file of=out</code>), etc. A similar idea applies | ||
| to what the parser can produce - if your app operates with boxed string slices internally - <code>bpaf</code> | ||
| will give you <code>Box<str></code> instead of <code>String</code> if you ask it to.</p> | ||
| <p>The only restriction is that you cannot use information from items parsed earlier (but not | ||
| the fact that something was parsed successfully or not) to decide to how to parse further | ||
| options, and even then you can side step this restriction by passing some shared state as a | ||
| parameter to the parsers.</p> | ||
| <h3 id="reusability"><a href="#reusability">Reusability</a></h3> | ||
| <p>Parsers in <code>bpaf</code> are not monolithic and you can share their parts across multiple binaries, | ||
| workspace members or even independent projects. Say you have multiple binaries in a workspace | ||
| that perform different operations on some input. You can declare a parser for the input | ||
| specifically, along with all the validations, help messages or shell dynamic completion | ||
| functions you need and use it across all the binaries alongside the arguments specific to | ||
| those binaries.</p> | ||
| <h3 id="composition-transformation"><a href="#composition-transformation">Composition, transformation</a></h3> | ||
| <p>Parsers in <code>bpaf</code> are not finalized either, say you have a parser that describes a single input | ||
| for your program, it can take multiple arguments or perform extra validations, etc. You can | ||
| always compose this parser with any other parser to produce tuples of both results for example. | ||
| Or to make it so parser runs multiple times and collects results into a <code>Vec</code>.</p> | ||
| <h3 id="performance"><a href="#performance">Performance</a></h3> | ||
| <p>While performance is an explicit non-goal - <code>bpaf</code> does nothing that would pessimize it either, | ||
| so performance is on par or better compared to other fully featured parsers.</p> | ||
| <h3 id="correctness"><a href="#correctness">Correctness</a></h3> | ||
| <p><code>bpaf</code> would parse only items it can represent and will reject anything it cannot represent | ||
| in the output. Say your parser accepts both <code>--intel</code> and <code>--att</code> flags, but encodes the result | ||
| into <code>enum Style { Intel, Att }</code>, <code>bpaf</code> will accept those flags separately, but not if they | ||
| are used both at once. If the parser later collects multiple styles into a <code>Vec<Style></code> then it | ||
| will accept any combinationof those flags.</p> | ||
| <h3 id="user-friendly"><a href="#user-friendly">User friendly</a></h3> | ||
| <p><code>bpaf</code> tries to provide user-friendly error messages, and suggestions for typos but also scripts | ||
| for shell completion, <code>man</code> pages and markdown documentation for the web.</p> | ||
| <p> </p> | ||
| <table width='100%' cellspacing='0' style='border: hidden;'><tr> | ||
| <td style='width: 33%; text-align: left;'> | ||
| </td> | ||
| <td style='width: 34%; text-align: center;'> | ||
| <p><a href="../index.html" title="mod bpaf::_documentation">↑ Project documentation ↑</a></p> | ||
| </td> | ||
| <td style='width: 33%; text-align: right;'> | ||
| <p><a href="../_1_tutorials/index.html" title="mod bpaf::_documentation::_1_tutorials">Tutorials →</a></p> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr></table> | ||
| </div></details></section></div></main></body></html> |
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