Operators

Here is a list of all operators in the language.

To note: when referring to "truthy" or "falsy", here is some examples: truthy: true, 1, "hello", (anything else not null)

false: null, 0, ""

Arithmetic operators

Using arithmetic operators is simple, have a left value and a right value and place the operator inbetween.

+, -, *, / - What you expect them to do
% - modulus, divides the number and returns the remainder
** - power

Examples:

2 + 2 // 4
2 - 2 // 0
4 % 3 // 1
6 % 4 // 2
2 ** 2 // 4
2 ** 3 // 8

Comparison operators

Comparison operators do as what their name suggest, compare two examples, for example:

2 == 2 // This is true

List of them:

== - Basic compare, checks if the two values are the same
!= - Checks if the two values are NOT the same
> - For numbers, checks if the left is greater than the the right
< - Checks if the left is less than the right
>= - Checks if the left is greater than or equal to the right
<= - Checks if the left is less than or equal to the right
<=> - Multi compare:

• If left is greater, it returns 1
• If right is greater, it returns -1
• If they are the same, it returns 0

Examples:

1 == 1 // true
1 != 1 // false
9 > 4 // true
1 <=> 0 // 1
0 <=> 1 // -1
1 <=> 1 // 0

Assignment operators

These work the exact same as arithmetic operators, though its quicker and shorter.

Quick examples:

var a = 2; // The assignment operator which simply sets the left to the right
a = a + 2; // Same as the one below
a += 2; // Same as the one above

There is also the coalesence assignment operator ??= which checks sets the left to the right, if the left is null

var a = null;
a ??= 2; // a now equals 2

a = 3;
a ??= 4; // a is still 3

Logical operators

Logical operators turn both left and right into a truthy or falsy value, and then compares.

and: Checks if both left AND right are truthy

• 1 and 2

or: Checks if either left OR right OR both are truthy

• true or false
• true or true

!: Not, converts the right to truthy if it is falsy and vice versa, this is a unary operator

• !true == false
• !1 == false

xor: Exlusive not, checks if either left OR right but NOT both are truhy

• true xor false
• true xor true - bad

Other binary operators

Binary operators are just operators which have a left and a right, comparison, some logical are all binary operators, but labelled differently.

?? - Coalesence operator, you have alrady seen this
>> - Pipe operator, read the pipe page
-> - Casts a type to another type, on the left will be a value and on the right is a type, for example:

• 12 -> string (returns "12")
• 12 -> float (returns 12.0)
• 3.1 -> int (returns 3)

Unary operators

These are operators that work with only one value, either left or right, depending on the operator, this can change.

$: Appears at the start of a value (array, string, enummerable), it gets the length of the value

• $"hello" (5)
• $[1, 2, 3] (3)
• $1..3 (3)

++: Appears at the end of a variable name or number, increases it by one

• 1++ (2)

--: Appears at the end of a variable name or number, decreases it by one

• 1-- (0)

Ternary operator

Ternary operators are operators which have 3 differnet parts, in this language, there is only one time this happens.

Here is an example:

var a = 2;
var b = a == 2 ? true : false;

The first part, a == 2, this is the test, if this is true than the expression after the ? will be provided, in this case b will be true
If the test was not true, then the expression after the : will be provided.

This works the exact same as:

var a = 2;
var b;

if a == 2 {
  b = true;
else {
  b = false;
}

Range operator

The range operator creates an enumerable list of numbers based on a start, optional step and an end.
The basic syntax is as follows:

step..[step]..end;

[] indicates it is optional.

Examples:

1..5; [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
1..2..10; [1, 3, 5, 7, 9];

You can also have the ending be uninclusive:

1.<5; [1, 2, 3, 4];
1..2.<9; [1, 3, 4, 7];