mm: memcontrol: make cgroup stats and events query API explicitly local

Patch series "mm: memcontrol: memory.stat cost & correctness".

The cgroup memory.stat file holds recursive statistics for the entire
subtree.  The current implementation does this tree walk on-demand
whenever the file is read.  This is giving us problems in production.

1. The cost of aggregating the statistics on-demand is high.  A lot of
   system service cgroups are mostly idle and their stats don't change
   between reads, yet we always have to check them.  There are also always
   some lazily-dying cgroups sitting around that are pinned by a handful
   of remaining page cache; the same applies to them.

   In an application that periodically monitors memory.stat in our
   fleet, we have seen the aggregation consume up to 5% CPU time.

2. When cgroups die and disappear from the cgroup tree, so do their
   accumulated vm events.  The result is that the event counters at
   higher-level cgroups can go backwards and confuse some of our
   automation, let alone people looking at the graphs over time.

To address both issues, this patch series changes the stat
implementation to spill counts upwards when the counters change.

The upward spilling is batched using the existing per-cpu cache.  In a
sparse file stress test with 5 level cgroup nesting, the additional cost
of the flushing was negligible (a little under 1% of CPU at 100% CPU
utilization, compared to the 5% of reading memory.stat during regular
operation).

This patch (of 4):

memcg_page_state(), lruvec_page_state(), memcg_sum_events() are
currently returning the state of the local memcg or lruvec, not the
recursive state.

In practice there is a demand for both versions, although the callers
that want the recursive counts currently sum them up by hand.

Per default, cgroups are considered recursive entities and generally we
expect more users of the recursive counters, with the local counts being
special cases.  To reflect that in the name, add a _local suffix to the
current implementations.

The following patch will re-incarnate these functions with recursive
semantics, but with an O(1) implementation.

[[email protected]: fix bisection hole]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Roman Gushchin <[email protected]>
Cc: Michal Hocko <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>

include/linux/memcontrol.h

@@ -554,8 +554,8 @@ void unlock_page_memcg(struct page *page);
  * idx can be of type enum memcg_stat_item or node_stat_item.
  * Keep in sync with memcg_exact_page_state().
  */
-static inline unsigned long memcg_page_state(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
-					     int idx)
+static inline unsigned long memcg_page_state_local(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
+						   int idx)
 {
 	long x = atomic_long_read(&memcg->vmstats[idx]);
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
@@ -624,8 +624,8 @@ static inline void mod_memcg_page_state(struct page *page,
 		mod_memcg_state(page->mem_cgroup, idx, val);
 }
 
-static inline unsigned long lruvec_page_state(struct lruvec *lruvec,
-					      enum node_stat_item idx)
+static inline unsigned long lruvec_page_state_local(struct lruvec *lruvec,
+						    enum node_stat_item idx)
 {
 	struct mem_cgroup_per_node *pn;
 	long x;
@@ -1011,8 +1011,8 @@ static inline void mem_cgroup_print_oom_group(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
 {
 }
 
-static inline unsigned long memcg_page_state(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
-					     int idx)
+static inline unsigned long memcg_page_state_local(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
+						   int idx)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1041,8 +1041,8 @@ static inline void mod_memcg_page_state(struct page *page,
 {
 }
 
-static inline unsigned long lruvec_page_state(struct lruvec *lruvec,
-					      enum node_stat_item idx)
+static inline unsigned long lruvec_page_state_local(struct lruvec *lruvec,
+						    enum node_stat_item idx)
 {
 	return node_page_state(lruvec_pgdat(lruvec), idx);
 }

mm/memcontrol.c

@@ -687,8 +687,8 @@ mem_cgroup_largest_soft_limit_node(struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_node *mctz)
 	return mz;
 }
 
-static unsigned long memcg_sum_events(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
-				      int event)
+static unsigned long memcg_events_local(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
+					int event)
 {
 	return atomic_long_read(&memcg->vmevents[event]);
 }
@@ -1325,12 +1325,14 @@ void mem_cgroup_print_oom_meminfo(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
 			if (memcg1_stats[i] == MEMCG_SWAP && !do_swap_account)
 				continue;
 			pr_cont(" %s:%luKB", memcg1_stat_names[i],
-				K(memcg_page_state(iter, memcg1_stats[i])));
+				K(memcg_page_state_local(iter,
+							 memcg1_stats[i])));
 		}
 
 		for (i = 0; i < NR_LRU_LISTS; i++)
 			pr_cont(" %s:%luKB", mem_cgroup_lru_names[i],
-				K(memcg_page_state(iter, NR_LRU_BASE + i)));
+				K(memcg_page_state_local(iter,
+							 NR_LRU_BASE + i)));
 
 		pr_cont("\n");
 	}
@@ -1396,13 +1398,13 @@ static bool test_mem_cgroup_node_reclaimable(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
 {
 	struct lruvec *lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(NODE_DATA(nid), memcg);
 
-	if (lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_INACTIVE_FILE) ||
-	    lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_ACTIVE_FILE))
+	if (lruvec_page_state_local(lruvec, NR_INACTIVE_FILE) ||
+	    lruvec_page_state_local(lruvec, NR_ACTIVE_FILE))
 		return true;
 	if (noswap || !total_swap_pages)
 		return false;
-	if (lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_INACTIVE_ANON) ||
-	    lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_ACTIVE_ANON))
+	if (lruvec_page_state_local(lruvec, NR_INACTIVE_ANON) ||
+	    lruvec_page_state_local(lruvec, NR_ACTIVE_ANON))
 		return true;
 	return false;
 
@@ -2961,16 +2963,16 @@ static void accumulate_vmstats(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
 
 	for_each_mem_cgroup_tree(mi, memcg) {
 		for (i = 0; i < acc->vmstats_size; i++)
-			acc->vmstats[i] += memcg_page_state(mi,
+			acc->vmstats[i] += memcg_page_state_local(mi,
 				acc->vmstats_array ? acc->vmstats_array[i] : i);
 
 		for (i = 0; i < acc->vmevents_size; i++)
-			acc->vmevents[i] += memcg_sum_events(mi,
+			acc->vmevents[i] += memcg_events_local(mi,
 				acc->vmevents_array
 				? acc->vmevents_array[i] : i);
 
 		for (i = 0; i < NR_LRU_LISTS; i++)
-			acc->lru_pages[i] += memcg_page_state(mi,
+			acc->lru_pages[i] += memcg_page_state_local(mi,
 							      NR_LRU_BASE + i);
 	}
 }
@@ -2983,10 +2985,10 @@ static unsigned long mem_cgroup_usage(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, bool swap)
 		struct mem_cgroup *iter;
 
 		for_each_mem_cgroup_tree(iter, memcg) {
-			val += memcg_page_state(iter, MEMCG_CACHE);
-			val += memcg_page_state(iter, MEMCG_RSS);
+			val += memcg_page_state_local(iter, MEMCG_CACHE);
+			val += memcg_page_state_local(iter, MEMCG_RSS);
 			if (swap)
-				val += memcg_page_state(iter, MEMCG_SWAP);
+				val += memcg_page_state_local(iter, MEMCG_SWAP);
 		}
 	} else {
 		if (!swap)
@@ -3328,7 +3330,7 @@ static unsigned long mem_cgroup_node_nr_lru_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
 	for_each_lru(lru) {
 		if (!(BIT(lru) & lru_mask))
 			continue;
-		nr += lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_LRU_BASE + lru);
+		nr += lruvec_page_state_local(lruvec, NR_LRU_BASE + lru);
 	}
 	return nr;
 }
@@ -3342,7 +3344,7 @@ static unsigned long mem_cgroup_nr_lru_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
 	for_each_lru(lru) {
 		if (!(BIT(lru) & lru_mask))
 			continue;
-		nr += memcg_page_state(memcg, NR_LRU_BASE + lru);
+		nr += memcg_page_state_local(memcg, NR_LRU_BASE + lru);
 	}
 	return nr;
 }
@@ -3427,17 +3429,17 @@ static int memcg_stat_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 		if (memcg1_stats[i] == MEMCG_SWAP && !do_memsw_account())
 			continue;
 		seq_printf(m, "%s %lu\n", memcg1_stat_names[i],
-			   memcg_page_state(memcg, memcg1_stats[i]) *
+			   memcg_page_state_local(memcg, memcg1_stats[i]) *
 			   PAGE_SIZE);
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(memcg1_events); i++)
 		seq_printf(m, "%s %lu\n", memcg1_event_names[i],
-			   memcg_sum_events(memcg, memcg1_events[i]));
+			   memcg_events_local(memcg, memcg1_events[i]));
 
 	for (i = 0; i < NR_LRU_LISTS; i++)
 		seq_printf(m, "%s %lu\n", mem_cgroup_lru_names[i],
-			   memcg_page_state(memcg, NR_LRU_BASE + i) *
+			   memcg_page_state_local(memcg, NR_LRU_BASE + i) *
 			   PAGE_SIZE);
 
 	/* Hierarchical information */

mm/vmscan.c

@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ unsigned long lruvec_lru_size(struct lruvec *lruvec, enum lru_list lru, int zone
 	int zid;
 
 	if (!mem_cgroup_disabled())
-		lru_size = lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_LRU_BASE + lru);
+		lru_size = lruvec_page_state_local(lruvec, NR_LRU_BASE + lru);
 	else
 		lru_size = node_page_state(lruvec_pgdat(lruvec), NR_LRU_BASE + lru);
 
@@ -2150,7 +2150,7 @@ static bool inactive_list_is_low(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool file,
 	 * is being established. Disable active list protection to get
 	 * rid of the stale workingset quickly.
 	 */
-	refaults = lruvec_page_state(lruvec, WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE);
+	refaults = lruvec_page_state_local(lruvec, WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE);
 	if (file && actual_reclaim && lruvec->refaults != refaults) {
 		inactive_ratio = 0;
 	} else {
@@ -2912,7 +2912,7 @@ static void snapshot_refaults(struct mem_cgroup *root_memcg, pg_data_t *pgdat)
 		struct lruvec *lruvec;
 
 		lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(pgdat, memcg);
-		refaults = lruvec_page_state(lruvec, WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE);
+		refaults = lruvec_page_state_local(lruvec, WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE);
 		lruvec->refaults = refaults;
 	} while ((memcg = mem_cgroup_iter(root_memcg, memcg, NULL)));
 }

mm/workingset.c

@@ -430,9 +430,10 @@ static unsigned long count_shadow_nodes(struct shrinker *shrinker,
 
 		lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(NODE_DATA(sc->nid), sc->memcg);
 		for (pages = 0, i = 0; i < NR_LRU_LISTS; i++)
-			pages += lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_LRU_BASE + i);
-		pages += lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE);
-		pages += lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE);
+			pages += lruvec_page_state_local(lruvec,
+							 NR_LRU_BASE + i);
+		pages += lruvec_page_state_local(lruvec, NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE);
+		pages += lruvec_page_state_local(lruvec, NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE);
 	} else
 #endif
 		pages = node_present_pages(sc->nid);