Add protein-translation (#957)

config.json

@@ -566,6 +566,14 @@
           "strings"
         ]
       },
+      {
+        "slug": "protein-translation",
+        "name": "Protein Translation",
+        "uuid": "f1ad3d6e-7fc2-4461-8ea2-554c2fa9f1f0",
+        "practices": [],
+        "prerequisites": [],
+        "difficulty": 4
+      },
       {
         "slug": "meetup",
         "name": "Meetup",
@@ -1026,7 +1034,7 @@
           "arrays",
           "control_flow_loops",
           "strings"
-        ]        
+        ]
       },
       {
         "slug": "eliuds-eggs",

exercises/practice/protein-translation/.docs/instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Instructions
+
+Translate RNA sequences into proteins.
+
+RNA can be broken into three nucleotide sequences called codons, and then translated to a polypeptide like so:
+
+RNA: `"AUGUUUUCU"` => translates to
+
+Codons: `"AUG", "UUU", "UCU"`
+=> which become a polypeptide with the following sequence =>
+
+Protein: `"Methionine", "Phenylalanine", "Serine"`
+
+There are 64 codons which in turn correspond to 20 amino acids; however, all of the codon sequences and resulting amino acids are not important in this exercise.
+If it works for one codon, the program should work for all of them.
+However, feel free to expand the list in the test suite to include them all.
+
+There are also three terminating codons (also known as 'STOP' codons); if any of these codons are encountered (by the ribosome), all translation ends and the protein is terminated.
+
+All subsequent codons after are ignored, like this:
+
+RNA: `"AUGUUUUCUUAAAUG"` =>
+
+Codons: `"AUG", "UUU", "UCU", "UAA", "AUG"` =>
+
+Protein: `"Methionine", "Phenylalanine", "Serine"`
+
+Note the stop codon `"UAA"` terminates the translation and the final methionine is not translated into the protein sequence.
+
+Below are the codons and resulting Amino Acids needed for the exercise.
+
+| Codon              | Protein       |
+| :----------------- | :------------ |
+| AUG                | Methionine    |
+| UUU, UUC           | Phenylalanine |
+| UUA, UUG           | Leucine       |
+| UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG | Serine        |
+| UAU, UAC           | Tyrosine      |
+| UGU, UGC           | Cysteine      |
+| UGG                | Tryptophan    |
+| UAA, UAG, UGA      | STOP          |
+
+Learn more about [protein translation on Wikipedia][protein-translation].
+
+[protein-translation]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(biology)

exercises/practice/protein-translation/.meta/config.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "authors": [
+    "ryanplusplus"
+  ],
+  "files": {
+    "solution": [
+      "protein_translation.c",
+      "protein_translation.h"
+    ],
+    "test": [
+      "test_protein_translation.c"
+    ],
+    "example": [
+      ".meta/example.c",
+      ".meta/example.h"
+    ]
+  },
+  "blurb": "Translate RNA sequences into proteins.",
+  "source": "Tyler Long"
+}

exercises/practice/protein-translation/.meta/example.c

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include <string.h>
+#include "protein_translation.h"
+
+enum { codon_length = 3 };
+
+typedef struct {
+   const char *const codon;
+   protein_t protein;
+   bool stop;
+} protein_translation_t;
+
+static const protein_translation_t translations[] = {
+   { "AUG", Methionine, false },
+   { "UUU", Phenylalanine, false },
+   { "UUC", Phenylalanine, false },
+   { "UUA", Leucine, false },
+   { "UUG", Leucine, false },
+   { "UCU", Serine, false },
+   { "UCC", Serine, false },
+   { "UCA", Serine, false },
+   { "UCG", Serine, false },
+   { "UAU", Tyrosine, false },
+   { "UAC", Tyrosine, false },
+   { "UGU", Cysteine, false },
+   { "UGC", Cysteine, false },
+   { "UGG", Tryptophan, false },
+   { "UAA", 0, true },
+   { "UAG", 0, true },
+   { "UGA", 0, true },
+};
+static const size_t translation_count =
+    sizeof(translations) / sizeof(translations[0]);
+
+proteins_t proteins(const char *const rna)
+{
+   proteins_t proteins = { .valid = true, .count = 0 };
+
+   size_t rna_length = strlen(rna);
+
+   for (size_t i = 0; i < rna_length; i += codon_length) {
+      bool found_codon = false;
+
+      for (size_t j = 0; j < translation_count; j++) {
+         if (strncmp(rna + i, translations[j].codon, codon_length) == 0) {
+            if (translations[j].stop) {
+               return proteins;
+            } else {
+               proteins.proteins[proteins.count++] = translations[j].protein;
+               found_codon = true;
+               break;
+            }
+         }
+      }
+
+      if (!found_codon) {
+         proteins.valid = false;
+         return proteins;
+      }
+   }
+
+   return proteins;
+}

exercises/practice/protein-translation/.meta/example.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#ifndef PROTEIN_TRANSLATION_H
+#define PROTEIN_TRANSLATION_H
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define MAX_PROTEINS 10
+
+typedef enum {
+   Methionine,
+   Phenylalanine,
+   Leucine,
+   Serine,
+   Tyrosine,
+   Cysteine,
+   Tryptophan,
+} protein_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+   bool valid;
+   size_t count;
+   protein_t proteins[MAX_PROTEINS];
+} proteins_t;
+
+proteins_t proteins(const char *const rna);
+
+#endif

exercises/practice/protein-translation/.meta/tests.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+# This is an auto-generated file.
+#
+# Regenerating this file via `configlet sync` will:
+# - Recreate every `description` key/value pair
+# - Recreate every `reimplements` key/value pair, where they exist in problem-specifications
+# - Remove any `include = true` key/value pair (an omitted `include` key implies inclusion)
+# - Preserve any other key/value pair
+#
+# As user-added comments (using the # character) will be removed when this file
+# is regenerated, comments can be added via a `comment` key.
+
+[2c44f7bf-ba20-43f7-a3bf-f2219c0c3f98]
+description = "Empty RNA sequence results in no proteins"
+
+[96d3d44f-34a2-4db4-84cd-fff523e069be]
+description = "Methionine RNA sequence"
+
+[1b4c56d8-d69f-44eb-be0e-7b17546143d9]
+description = "Phenylalanine RNA sequence 1"
+
+[81b53646-bd57-4732-b2cb-6b1880e36d11]
+description = "Phenylalanine RNA sequence 2"
+
+[42f69d4f-19d2-4d2c-a8b0-f0ae9ee1b6b4]
+description = "Leucine RNA sequence 1"
+
+[ac5edadd-08ed-40a3-b2b9-d82bb50424c4]
+description = "Leucine RNA sequence 2"
+
+[8bc36e22-f984-44c3-9f6b-ee5d4e73f120]
+description = "Serine RNA sequence 1"
+
+[5c3fa5da-4268-44e5-9f4b-f016ccf90131]
+description = "Serine RNA sequence 2"
+
+[00579891-b594-42b4-96dc-7ff8bf519606]
+description = "Serine RNA sequence 3"
+
+[08c61c3b-fa34-4950-8c4a-133945570ef6]
+description = "Serine RNA sequence 4"
+
+[54e1e7d8-63c0-456d-91d2-062c72f8eef5]
+description = "Tyrosine RNA sequence 1"
+
+[47bcfba2-9d72-46ad-bbce-22f7666b7eb1]
+description = "Tyrosine RNA sequence 2"
+
+[3a691829-fe72-43a7-8c8e-1bd083163f72]
+description = "Cysteine RNA sequence 1"
+
+[1b6f8a26-ca2f-43b8-8262-3ee446021767]
+description = "Cysteine RNA sequence 2"
+
+[1e91c1eb-02c0-48a0-9e35-168ad0cb5f39]
+description = "Tryptophan RNA sequence"
+
+[e547af0b-aeab-49c7-9f13-801773a73557]
+description = "STOP codon RNA sequence 1"
+
+[67640947-ff02-4f23-a2ef-816f8a2ba72e]
+description = "STOP codon RNA sequence 2"
+
+[9c2ad527-ebc9-4ace-808b-2b6447cb54cb]
+description = "STOP codon RNA sequence 3"
+
+[f4d9d8ee-00a8-47bf-a1e3-1641d4428e54]
+description = "Sequence of two protein codons translates into proteins"
+
+[dd22eef3-b4f1-4ad6-bb0b-27093c090a9d]
+description = "Sequence of two different protein codons translates into proteins"
+
+[d0f295df-fb70-425c-946c-ec2ec185388e]
+description = "Translate RNA strand into correct protein list"
+
+[e30e8505-97ec-4e5f-a73e-5726a1faa1f4]
+description = "Translation stops if STOP codon at beginning of sequence"
+
+[5358a20b-6f4c-4893-bce4-f929001710f3]
+description = "Translation stops if STOP codon at end of two-codon sequence"
+
+[ba16703a-1a55-482f-bb07-b21eef5093a3]
+description = "Translation stops if STOP codon at end of three-codon sequence"
+
+[4089bb5a-d5b4-4e71-b79e-b8d1f14a2911]
+description = "Translation stops if STOP codon in middle of three-codon sequence"
+
+[2c2a2a60-401f-4a80-b977-e0715b23b93d]
+description = "Translation stops if STOP codon in middle of six-codon sequence"
+
+[1e75ea2a-f907-4994-ae5c-118632a1cb0f]
+description = "Non-existing codon can't translate"
+
+[9eac93f3-627a-4c90-8653-6d0a0595bc6f]
+description = "Unknown amino acids, not part of a codon, can't translate"
+
+[9d73899f-e68e-4291-b1e2-7bf87c00f024]
+description = "Incomplete RNA sequence can't translate"
+
+[43945cf7-9968-402d-ab9f-b8a28750b050]
+description = "Incomplete RNA sequence can translate if valid until a STOP codon"

exercises/practice/protein-translation/makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+### If you wish to use extra libraries (math.h for instance),
+### add their flags here (-lm in our case) in the "LIBS" variable.
+
+LIBS = -lm
+
+###
+CFLAGS  = -std=c99
+CFLAGS += -g
+CFLAGS += -Wall
+CFLAGS += -Wextra
+CFLAGS += -pedantic
+CFLAGS += -Werror
+CFLAGS += -Wmissing-declarations
+CFLAGS += -DUNITY_SUPPORT_64 -DUNITY_OUTPUT_COLOR
+
+ASANFLAGS  = -fsanitize=address
+ASANFLAGS += -fno-common
+ASANFLAGS += -fno-omit-frame-pointer
+
+.PHONY: test
+test: tests.out
+	@./tests.out
+
+.PHONY: memcheck
+memcheck: ./*.c ./*.h
+	@echo Compiling $@
+	@$(CC) $(ASANFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) test-framework/unity.c ./*.c -o memcheck.out $(LIBS)
+	@./memcheck.out
+	@echo "Memory check passed"
+
+.PHONY: clean
+clean:
+	rm -rf *.o *.out *.out.dSYM
+
+tests.out: ./*.c ./*.h
+	@echo Compiling $@
+	@$(CC) $(CFLAGS) test-framework/unity.c ./*.c -o tests.out $(LIBS)

exercises/practice/protein-translation/protein_translation.c

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include "protein_translation.h"

exercises/practice/protein-translation/protein_translation.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#ifndef PROTEIN_TRANSLATION_H
+#define PROTEIN_TRANSLATION_H
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define MAX_PROTEINS 10
+
+typedef enum {
+   Methionine,
+   Phenylalanine,
+   Leucine,
+   Serine,
+   Tyrosine,
+   Cysteine,
+   Tryptophan,
+} protein_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+   bool valid;
+   size_t count;
+   protein_t proteins[MAX_PROTEINS];
+} proteins_t;
+
+proteins_t proteins(const char *const rna);
+
+#endif