AI/ML/DL ICs and IPs

Editor T.S.

微信公众号 StarryHeavensAbove

Latest updates

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• Add Nvidia's Next Generation Turing GPU.
• Add Tesla's "Hardware 3".
• Remove DeePhi which is now part of Xilinx.
• Add Google's Edge TPU.
• Add startup Baidu's Kunlun.
• Add startup Tachyum.
• Add three Chinese AI startups working their own chip Unisound, AISpeech and Rokid .
• Add news, "Microsoft hiring engineers for cloud AI chip design" .
• Add the latest information of ARM's "Project Trillium" and Imagination's NNA.
• Add startup Hailo.
• Add startup Kortiq.
• Add startup Innogrit.
• Add startup ThinkSilicon.
• Add product page of Cambricon.
• Add news of Google TPU3 and Microsoft Brainwave.
• Add news of Cambricon.
• Add benchmark, MLPerf in Reference section.
• Add information from PEZY: First Use of TCI.
• Add two benchmarks, DAWNBench and Fathom in Reference section.
• Add two optical AI computing company Lightelligence and Lightmatter .
• Add news from Alibaba and Facebook .
• Add Videantis in IP vendor section.
• Add Graphcore's latest talk.
• Add Nvidia DGX-2 System and NvSwitch.
• Add SambaNova Systems.
• Add Nokia ReefShark.
• Add GreenWaves GAP8.
• Add Qualcomm AI Engine.
• Add Benchmarking Google’s new TPUv2.
• Add Google announced the open beta of its TPU2.
• Add Arm Machine Learning Processor.

Shortcut

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IC Vendors	Intel, Qualcomm, Nvidia, Samsung, AMD, Xilinx, IBM, STMicroelectronics, NXP, MediaTek, HiSilicon, Rockchip	12
Tech Giants & HPC Vendors	Google, Amazon_AWS, Microsoft, Apple, Aliyun, Alibaba Group, Tencent Cloud, Baidu, Baidu Cloud, HUAWEI Cloud, Fujitsu, Nokia, Facebook, HPE, Tesla	12
IP Vendors	ARM, Synopsys, Imagination, CEVA, Cadence, VeriSilicon, Videantis	7
Startups in China	Cambricon, Horizon Robotics, Bitmain, Chipintelli, Thinkforce, Unisound, AISpeech, Rokid	8
Startups Worldwide	Cerebras, Wave Computing, Graphcore, PEZY, KnuEdge, Tenstorrent, ThinCI, Koniku, Adapteva, Knowm, Mythic, Kalray, BrainChip, AImotive, DeepScale, Leepmind, Krtkl, NovuMind, REM, TERADEEP, DEEP VISION, Groq, KAIST DNPU, Kneron, Esperanto Technologies, Gyrfalcon Technology, SambaNova Systems, GreenWaves Technology, Lightelligence, Lightmatter, ThinkSilicon, Innogrit, Kortiq, Hailo,Tachyum	34

Application Category

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Both	Datacenter	Edge
Intel, Nvidia, IBM, Xilinx, HiSilicon, Google, Baidu, Alibaba Group, Cambricon, Bitmain, Wave Computing	AMD, Microsoft, Apple, Tencent Cloud,Aliyun, Baidu Cloud, HUAWEI Cloud, Fujitsu, Nokia, Facebook, HPE, Thinkforce, Cerebras, Graphcore, Groq, SambaNova Systems, Adapteva, PEZY	Qualcomm, Samsung, STMicroelectronics, NXP, MediaTek, Tesla, Rockchip, Amazon_AWS, ARM, Synopsys, Imagination, CEVA, Cadence, VeriSilicon, Videantis, Horizon Robotics, Chipintelli, Unisound, AISpeech, Rokid, KnuEdge, Tenstorrent, ThinCI, Koniku, Knowm, Mythic, Kalray, BrainChip, AImotive, DeepScale, Leepmind, Krtkl, NovuMind, REM, TERADEEP, DEEP VISION, KAIST DNPU, Kneron, Esperanto Technologies, Gyrfalcon Technology, GreenWaves Technology, Lightelligence, Lightmatter, ThinkSilicon, Innogrit, Kortiq, Hailo,Tachyum

I. IC Vendors

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Nervana

Intel purchased Nervana Systems who was developing both a GPU/software approach in addition to their Nervana Engine ASIC. Comparable performance is unclear. Intel is also planning in integrating into the Phi platform via a [Knights Crest](https://www.nextplatform.com/2016/11/22/inside-intels-strategy-integrate-nervana-deep-learning-assets/) project. [NextPlatform](https://www.nextplatform.com/2016/08/08/deep-learning-chip-upstart-set-take-gpus-task/) suggested the 2017 target on 28nm may be 55 TOPS/s for some width of OP. There is a NervanaCon Intel has scheduled for December, so perhaps we'll see the first fruits then.

[Intel® Nervana™ Neural Network Processors (NNP) Redefine AI Silicon](https://www.intelnervana.com/intel-nervana-neural-network-processors-nnp-redefine-ai-silicon/) > As our Intel CEO Brian Krzanich discussed earlier today at Wall Street Journal’s D.Live event, Intel will soon be shipping the world’s first family of processors designed from the ground up for artificial intelligence (AI): the [Intel® Nervana™ Neural Network Processor family](https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/intel-pioneers-new-technologies-advance-artificial-intelligence/) (formerly known as “Lake Crest”). This family of processors is over 3 years in the making, and on behalf of the team building it, I’d like to share a bit more insight on the motivation and design behind the world’s first neural network processor.

Mobileye EyeQ

> Mobileye is currently developing its fifth generation SoC, the [EyeQ®5](https://www.mobileye.com/our-technology/evolution-eyeq-chip/), to act as the vision central computer performing sensor fusion for Fully Autonomous Driving (Level 5) vehicles that will hit the road in 2020. To meet power consumption and performance targets, EyeQ® SoCs are designed in most advanced VLSI process technology nodes – down to 7nm FinFET in the 5th generation.

Movidius

[MYRIAD 2](https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/32d5/405ac92a13d7f38e2313574dfd6238125a94.pdf) IS A MULTICORE, ALWAYS-ON SYSTEM ON CHIP THAT SUPPORTS COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING AND VISUAL AWARENESS FOR MOBILE, WEARABLE, AND EMBEDDED APPLICATIONS. THE VISION PROCESSING UNIT INCORPORATES PARALLELISM, INSTRUCTION SET ARCHITECTURE, AND MICROARCHITECTURAL FEATURES TO PROVIDE HIGHLY SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY ACROSS A RANGE OF COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING AND COMPUTER VISION APPLICATIONS, INCLUDING THOSE WITH LOW LATENCY REQUIREMENTS ON THE ORDER OF MILLISECONDS.

Myriad™ X is the first VPU to feature the Neural Compute Engine - a dedicated hardware accelerator for running on-device deep neural network applications. Interfacing directly with other key components via the intelligent memory fabric, the Neural Compute Engine is able to deliver industry leading performance per Watt without encountering common data flow bottlenecks encountered by other architectures.

FPGA

Intel [FPGA OpenCL](https://www.altera.com/products/design-software/embedded-software-developers/opencl/overview.html) and [Solutions](https://www.altera.com/solutions/technology/artificial-intelligence/solutions.html).

Loihi

Intel's Loihi test chip is the [First-of-Its-Kind Self-Learning Chip](https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/intels-new-self-learning-chip-promises-accelerate-artificial-intelligence/). > The Loihi research test chip includes digital circuits that mimic the brain’s basic mechanics, making machine learning faster and more efficient while requiring lower compute power. Neuromorphic chip models draw inspiration from how neurons communicate and learn, using spikes and plastic synapses that can be modulated based on timing. This could help computers self-organize and make decisions based on patterns and associations.

In a recent blog, ["We are making on-device AI ubiquitous"](https://www.qualcomm.com/news/onq/2017/08/16/we-are-making-device-ai-ubiquitous) shows its AI roadmap.

Qualcomm Artificial Intelligence Engine Powers AI Capabilities of Snapdragon Mobile Platform

Qualcomm Artificial Intelligence (AI) Engine, which is comprised of several hardware and software components to accelerate on-device AI-enabled user experiences on select Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ mobile platforms. The AI Engine will be supported on Snapdragon 845, 835, 821, 820 and 660 mobile platforms, with cutting-edge on-device AI processing found in the Snapdragon 845.

GPU

NVIDIA Reveals Next-Gen Turing GPU Architecture: NVIDIA Doubles-Down on Ray Tracing, GDDR6, & More

at NVIDIA’s SIGGRAPH 2018 keynote presentation, company CEO Jensen Huang formally unveiled the company’s much awaited (and much rumored) Turing GPU architecture. The next generation of NVIDIA’s GPU designs, Turing will be incorporating a number of new features and is rolling out this year.

Nvidia’s DGX-2 System Packs An AI Performance Punch

Building Bigger, Faster GPU Clusters Using NVSwitches

Nvidia launched its second-generation DGX system in March. In order to build the 2 petaflops half-precision DGX-2, Nvidia had to first design and build a new NVLink 2.0 switch chip, named NVSwitch. While Nvidia is only shipping NVSwitch as an integral component of its DGX-2 systems today, Nvidia has not precluded selling NVSwitch chips to data center equipment manufacturers.

Nvidia's latest GPU can do 15 TFlops of SP or 120 TFlops with its new Tensor core architecture which is a FP16 multiply and FP32 accumulate or add to suit ML.

Nvidia is packing up 8 boards into their DGX-1for 960 Tensor TFlops.

Nvidia Volta - 架构看点 gives some insights of Volta architecture.

SoC

On edge, Nvidia provide NVIDIA DRIVE™ PX, [The AI Car Computer for Autonomous Driving](http://www.nvidia.com/object/drive-px.html) and JETSON TX1/TX2 MODULE, "[The embedded platform for autonomous everything](http://www.nvidia.com/object/embedded-systems-dev-kits-modules.html)".

NVDLA

Nvidia anouced "XAVIER DLA NOW OPEN SOURCE" on GTC2017. We did not see Early Access verion yet. Hopefully, the general release will be avaliable on Sep. as promised. For more analysis, you may want to read [从Nvidia开源深度学习加速器说起](http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/XEb5xNeSV_oPs08kDgQg8Q).
Now the open source DLA is available on [Github](https://github.com/nvdla/) and more information can be found [here](http://nvdla.org/). > The NVIDIA Deep Learning Accelerator (NVDLA) is a free and open architecture that promotes a standard way to design deep learning inference accelerators. With its modular architecture, NVDLA is scalable, highly configurable, and designed to simplify integration and portability. The hardware supports a wide range of IoT devices. Delivered as an open source project under the NVIDIA Open NVDLA License, all of the software, hardware, and documentation will be available on GitHub. Contributions are welcome.

Samsung resently unveiled “[The new Exynos 9810 brings premium features with a 2.9GHz custom CPU, an industry-first 6CA LTE modem and deep learning processing capabilities](https://news.samsung.com/global/samsung-optimizes-premium-exynos-9-series-9810-for-ai-applications-and-richer-multimedia-content)”.

The soon to be released [AMD Radeon Instinct MI25](https://instinct.radeon.com/en-us/product/mi/radeon-instinct-mi25/) is promising 12.3 TFlops of SP or 24.6 TFlops of FP16. If your calculations are amenable to Nvidia's Tensors, then AMD can't compete. Nvidia also does twice the bandwidth with 900GB/s versus AMD's 484 GB/s.

AMD has put a very good X86 server processor into the market for the first time in nine years, and it also has a matching GPU that gives its OEM and ODM partners a credible alternative for HPC and AI workload to the combination of Intel Xeons and Nvidia Teslas that dominate hybrid computing these days.

Tesla is reportedly developing its own processor for artificial intelligence, intended for use with its self-driving systems, in partnership with AMD. Tesla has an existing relationship with Nvidia, whose GPUs power its Autopilot system, but this new in-house chip reported by CNBC could potentially reduce its reliance on third-party AI processing hardware.

Xilinx provide "Machine Learning Inference Solutions from Edge to Cloud" and naturally claim their FPGA's are best for INT8 with one of their white papers.

Whilst performance per Watt is impressive for FPGAs, the vendors' larger chips have long had earth shatteringly high chip prices for the larger chips. Finding a balance between price and capability is the main challenge with the FPGAs.

[TrueNorth](http://www.research.ibm.com/articles/brain-chip.shtml) is IBM's Neuromorphic CMOS ASIC developed in conjunction with the DARPA [SyNAPSE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SyNAPSE) program. > It is a manycore processor network on a chip design, with 4096 cores, each one simulating 256 programmable silicon "neurons" for a total of just over a million neurons. In turn, each neuron has 256 programmable "synapses" that convey the signals between them. Hence, the total number of programmable synapses is just over 268 million (228). In terms of basic building blocks, its transistor count is 5.4 billion. Since memory, computation, and communication are handled in each of the 4096 neurosynaptic cores, TrueNorth circumvents the von-Neumann-architecture bottlenecks and is very energy-efficient, consuming 70 milliwatts, about 1/10,000th the power density of conventional microprocessors. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrueNorth)

With IBM POWER9, we’re all riding the AI wave

"With POWER9, we’re moving to a new off-chip era, with advanced accelerators like GPUs and FPGAs driving modern workloads, including AI...POWER9 will be the first commercial platform loaded with on-chip support for NVIDIA’s next-generation NVLink, OpenCAPI 3.0 and PCI-Express 4.0. These technologies provide a giant hose to transfer data."

[ST preps second neural network IC](http://www.eenewseurope.com/news/st-preps-second-neural-network-ic-0) > STMicroelectronics is designing a second iteration of the neural networking technology that the company reported on at the International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) in February 2017.

ISSCC2017 Deep-Learning Processors文章学习 （一） is a reference.

**S32 AUTOMOTIVE PLATFORM**
[S32 AUTOMOTIVE PLATFORM](https://www.nxp.com/products/processors-and-microcontrollers/arm-based-processors-and-mcus/s32-automotive-platform:S32) > The NXP S32 automotive platform is the world’s first scalable automotive computing architecture. It offers a unified hardware platform and an identical software environment across application domains to bring rich in-vehicle experiences and automated driving functions to market faster.

ADAS Chip
S32V234: Vision Processor for Front and Surround View Camera, Machine Learning and Sensor Fusion Applications

The S32V234 is our 2nd generation vision processor family designed to support computation intensive applications for image processing and offers an ISP, powerful 3D GPU, dual APEX-2 vision accelerators, security and supports SafeAssure™. S32V234 is suited for ADAS, NCAP front camera, object detection and recognition, surround view, machine learning and sensor fusion applications. S32V234 is engineered for automotive-grade reliability, functional safety and security measures to support vehicle and industrial automation.

[MediaTek Unveils Its Edge AI Platform & AI Technology For Cross Platform Consumer Devices](https://www.mediatek.com/news-events/press-releases/mediatek-unveils-its-edge-ai-platform-ai-technology-for-cross-platform-consumer-devices) > Through a combination of hardware and software, an AI processing unit (APU ; Artificial intelligence Processing Unit ), and NeuroPilot SDK, MediaTek will bring AI across its wide-ranging technology portfolio – a portfolio that powers 1.5 billion consumer products a year across smartphones, smart homes, autos and more.

**Kirin for Smart Phone**
HiSilicon [Kirin 970 Processor](http://consumer.huawei.com/minisite/worldwide/huawei-ifa2017-global-launch-event-presentation/) annouced fearturing with dedicated Neural-network Processing Unit. In [this article](https://www.anandtech.com/show/11815/huawei-mate-10-and-mate-10-pro-launch-on-october-16th-more-kirin-970-details),we can find more details about NPU in Kirin970.

Mobile Camera SoC
According to a Brief Data Sheet of Hi3559A V100ESultra-HD Mobile Camera SoC, it has:

Dual-core CNN@700 MHz neural network acceleration engine

[Rockchip Released Its First AI Processor RK3399Pro -- NPU Performance up to 2.4TOPs](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rockchip-released-its-first-ai-processor-rk3399pro----npu-performance-up-to-24tops-300578633.html) > RK3399Pro adopted exclusive AI hardware design. Its NPU computing performance reaches 2.4TOPs, and indexes of both high performance and low consumption keep ahead: the performance is 150% higher than other same type NPU processor; the power consumption is less than 1%, comparing with other solutions adopting GPU as AI computing unit.

II. Tech Giants & HPC Vendors

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Google's original TPU had a big lead over GPUs and helped power DeepMind's AlphaGo victory over Lee Sedol in a Go tournament. The original 700MHz TPU is described as having 95 TFlops for 8-bit calculations or 23 TFlops for 16-bit whilst drawing only 40W. This was much faster than GPUs on release but is now slower than Nvidia's V100, but not on a per W basis. The new TPU2 is referred to as a TPU device with four chips and can do around 180 TFlops. Each chip's performance has been doubled to 45 TFlops for 16-bits. You can see the gap to Nvidia's V100 is closing. You can't buy a TPU or TPU2.

Lately, Google is making Cloud TPUs available for use in Google Cloud Platform (GCP). Here you can find the latest banchmark result of Google TPU2.

Pixel Visual Core is Google’s first custom-designed co-processor for consumer products. It’s built into every Pixel 2, and in the coming months, we’ll turn it on through a software update to enable more applications to use Pixel 2’s camera for taking HDR+ quality pictures.

Tearing Apart Google’s TPU 3.0 AI Coprocessor

Google did its best to impress this week at its annual IO conference. While Google rolled out a bunch of benchmarks that were run on its current Cloud TPU instances, based on TPUv2 chips, the company divulged a few skimpy details about its next generation TPU chip and its systems architecture. The company changed from version notation (TPUv2) to revision notation (TPU 3.0) with the update, but ironically the detail we have assembled shows that the step from TPUv2 to what we will call TPUv3 probably isn’t that big; it should probably be called TPU v2r5 or something like that.

Edge TPU

AI is pervasive today, from consumer to enterprise applications. With the explosive growth of connected devices, combined with a demand for privacy/confidentiality, low latency and bandwidth constraints, AI models trained in the cloud increasingly need to be run at the edge. Edge TPU is Google’s purpose-built ASIC designed to run AI at the edge. It delivers high performance in a small physical and power footprint, enabling the deployment of high-accuracy AI at the edge.

Other references are:
Google TPU3 看点

Google TPU 揭密

Google的神经网络处理器专利

脉动阵列 - 因Google TPU获得新生

Should We All Embrace Systolic Arrays?

[Amazon may be developing AI chips for Alexa](https://techcrunch.com/2018/02/12/amazon-may-be-developing-ai-chips-for-alexa/) > The Information has a report this morning that Amazon [is working on building AI chips for the Echo](https://www.theinformation.com/amazon-is-becoming-an-ai-chip-maker-speeding-alexa-responses?shared=922dfb3ba4e3984e), which would allow Alexa to more quickly parse information and get those answers.

> [Amazon EC2 F1](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/f1/?nc1=h_ls) is a compute instance with field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) that you can program to create custom hardware accelerations for your application. F1 instances are easy to program and come with everything you need to develop, simulate, debug, and compile your hardware acceleration code, including an [FPGA Developer AMI](https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/pp/B06VVYBLZZ) and [Hardware Developer Kit](https://github.com/aws/aws-fpga) (HDK). Once your FPGA design is complete, you can register it as an Amazon FPGA Image (AFI), and deploy it to your F1 instance in just a few clicks. You can reuse your AFIs as many times, and across as many F1 instances as you like.

[Inside the Microsoft FPGA-based configurable cloud](https://channel9.msdn.com/Events/Build/2017/B8063) is also a good reference if want to know Microsoft's vision on FPGA in cloud.

[This article "智慧云中的FPGA"](http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Ti6N1SJ7UDRSQtl869Qvlg) gives and overview about FPGA used in AI aceleration in the cloud.

[Drilling Into Microsoft’s BrainWave Soft Deep Learning Chip](https://www.nextplatform.com/2017/08/24/drilling-microsofts-brainwave-soft-deep-leaning-chip/) shows more details based on Microsoft's presentation on Hot Chips 2017.

[Real-time AI: Microsoft announces preview of Project Brainwave](https://blogs.microsoft.com/ai/build-2018-project-brainwave/) > At Microsoft’s [Build developers conference in Seattle this week](https://news.microsoft.com/2018/05/07/microsoft-build-highlights-new-opportunity-for-developers-at-the-edge-and-in-the-cloud/), the company is announcing a preview of Project Brainwave integrated with Azure Machine Learning, which the company says will make Azure the most efficient cloud computing platform for AI.

Microsoft is hiring engineers to work on A.I. chip design for its cloud

Microsoft is following Google's lead in designing a computer processor for artificial intelligence, according to recent job postings.

Apple unveiled the new processor powering the new iPhone 8 and iPhone X - the A11 Bionic. [The A11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_A11) also includes dedicated neural network hardware that Apple calls a "neural engine", which can perform up to 600 billion operations per second.
[Core ML](https://developer.apple.com/machine-learning/) is Apple's current sulotion for machine learning application.

[Alibaba is making its own neural network chip](https://technode.com/2018/04/20/alibaba-npu/) > Alibaba is developing its own neural network chip, the Ali-NPU, which will be used in AI applications, such as image video analysis, machine learning, and other scenarios.

[FPGA Cloud server](https://cn.aliyun.com/product/ecs/fpga) (Beta) is an computing instance of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) that allows users to easily create FPGA design in minutes and create custom, dedicated hardware accelerators based on the Alibaba Cloud Elastic Computing Framework. > 深度学习（Deep Learning）是一种多层计算模型，可以对复杂输入进行建模，在图像分类、语音识别、自然语言处理中取得了成果，FPGA 实例由于其细粒度并行的硬件特性，非常适合小批量数据的深度学习预测过程，以低功耗、低延迟、高性能著称，以 AlexNet 模型为例，使用 FPGA计算实例进行图片类别预测，速度比仅用CPU的普通实例快 8~15 倍。

Tencent cloud introduces [FPGA instance](https://cloud.tencent.com/product/fpga)(Beta), with three different specifications based on Xilinx Kintex UltraScale KU115 FPGA. They will provide more choices equiped with Inter FPGA in the future.

[AN EARLY LOOK AT BAIDU’S CUSTOM AI AND ANALYTICS PROCESSOR](https://www.nextplatform.com/2017/08/22/first-look-baidus-custom-ai-analytics-processor/) > We’ve written much over the last few years about the company’s emphasis on streamlining deep learning processing, most notably with GPUs, but [Baidu has a new processor](https://www.nextplatform.com/2017/08/22/first-look-baidus-custom-ai-analytics-processor/) up its sleeve called the XPU. For now, the device has just been demonstrated in FPGA, but if it continues to prove useful for AI, analytics, cloud, and autonomous driving the search giant could push it into a full-bore ASIC.

Baidu creates Kunlun silicon for AI

A pair of chips from the Chinese search giant are aimed at cloud and edge use cases. The company said it started developing a field-programmable gate array AI accelerator in 2011, and that Kunlun is almost 30 times faster. The chips are made with Samsung's 14nm process, have 512GBps memory bandwidth, and are capable of 260 tera operations per second at 100 watts.

[FPGA Cloud Compute](https://cloud.baidu.com/product/fpga.html) is open for beta test. > 在百度内部，FPGA从2013年开始就应用在许多典型的深度学习模型中，如DNN，RNN，CNN，LSTM等，涵盖了语音识别，自然语言处理，推荐算法，图像识别等广泛的应用领域。百度FPGA云服务器中开放了基于FPGA的深度卷积神经网络加速服务，单卡提供3Tops的定点计算能力，支持典型深度卷积网络算子，如卷积、逆卷积、池化、拼接、切割等，有效加速典型网络结构如VggNet、GoogLeNet、ResNet等。我们基于FPGA的深度学习硬件，深度定制优化了主流深度学习平台如caffe等，用户可以直接将深度学习业务切换到FPGA平台，而无需考虑底层硬件细节。

[FPGA Accelerated Cloud Server](http://www.hwclouds.com/product/fcs.html), high performance FPGA instance is open for beta test. > FPGA云服务器提供CPU和FPGA直接的高达100Gbps PCIe互连通道，每节点提供8片Xilinx VU9P FPGA，同时提供FPGA之间高达200Gbps的Mesh光互连专用通道，让您的应用加速需求不再受到硬件限制。

> This [DLU that Fujitsu is creating](https://www.nextplatform.com/2017/08/09/fujitsu-bets-deep-leaning-hpc-divergence/) is done from scratch, and it is not based on either the Sparc or ARM instruction set and, in fact, it has its own instruction set and a new data format specifically for deep learning, which were created from scratch. > Japanese computing giant Fujitsu. Which knows a thing or two about making a very efficient and highly scalable system for HPC workloads, as evidenced by the K supercomputer, does not believe that the HPC and AI architectures will converge. Rather, the company is banking on the fact that these architectures will diverge and will require very specialized functions.

> Nokia has developed the [ReefShark chipsets]((https://networks.nokia.com/5g/reefshark)) for its 5G network solutions. AI is implemented in the ReefShark design for radio and embedded in the baseband to use augmented deep learning to trigger smart, rapid actions by the autonomous, cognitive network, enhancing network optimization and increasing business opportunities.

[Facebook Is Forming a Team to Design Its Own Chips](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-18/facebook-is-forming-a-team-to-design-its-own-chips) > Facebook Inc. is building a team to design its own semiconductors, adding to a trend among technology companies to supply themselves and lower their dependence on chipmakers such as Intel Corp. and Qualcomm Inc., according to job listings and people familiar with the matter.

[HPE DEVELOPING ITS OWN LOW POWER “NEURAL NETWORK” CHIPS](https://www.nextplatform.com/2017/11/09/hpe-developing-low-power-neural-network-chips/) > In the context of a broader discussion about the company’s Extreme Edge program focused on space-bound systems, HPE’s Dr. Tom Bradicich, VP and GM of Servers, Converged Edge, and IoT systems, described a future chip that would be ideally suited for high performance computing under intense power and physical space limitations characteristic of space missions. To be more clear, he told us as much as he could—very little is known about the architecture, but there was some key elements he described.

**[Tesla is building its own AI chips for self-driving cars](https://techcrunch.com/2018/08/01/tesla-is-building-its-own-ai-chips-for-self-driving-cars/)** > The final outcome, according to Elon, is pretty dramatic: he says that whereas Tesla’s computer vision software running on Nvidia’s hardware was handling about 200 frames per second, its specialized chip is able to do crunch out 2000 frames per second “with full redundancy and failover”.

III. Traditional IP Vendors

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[DynamIQ](http://pages.arm.com/dynamiq-technology.html) is embedded IP giant's answer to AI age. It may not be a revolutionary design but is important for sure.

ARM also provide a open source [Compute Library](https://developer.arm.com/technologies/compute-library) contains a comprehensive collection of software functions implemented for the Arm Cortex-A family of CPU processors and the Arm Mali family of GPUs.

[Arm Machine Learning Processor](https://developer.arm.com/products/processors/machine-learning/arm-ml-processor) > Specifically designed for inference at the edge, the ML processor gives an industry-leading performance of 4.6 TOPs, with a stunning efficiency of 3 TOPs/W for mobile devices and smart IP cameras.

ARM Details "Project Trillium" Machine Learning Processor Architecture

Arm details more of the architecture of what Arm now seems to more consistently call their “machine learning processor” or MLP from here on now. The MLP IP started off a blank sheet in terms of architecture implementation and the team consists of engineers pulled off from the CPU and GPU teams.

[DesignWare EV6x Embedded Vision Processors](https://www.synopsys.com/company/newsroom/mnr/ev6x-processors-news-release.html)

[处理器IP厂商的机器学习方案 - Synopsys](http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Y4BvzmH67OaTWc_2SXIVGg)

[PowerVR Series2NX Neural Network Accelerator](https://www.imgtec.com/powervr/vision/)

Imagination Announces First PowerVR Series2NX Neural Network Accelerator Cores: AX2185 and AX2145

the company is announcing the first products in the 2NX NNA family: the higher-performance AX2185 and lower-cost AX2145.

[CEVA-XM6 Fifth-generation computer vision and deep learning embedded platform](http://www.ceva-dsp.com/product/ceva-xm6/)

[处理器IP厂商的机器学习方案 - CEVA](http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/rosyXJew4B0NvzY73uHz5w)

CEVA Announces NeuPro Neural Network IP

Ahead of CES CEVA announced a new specialised neural network accelerator IP called NeuPro.

[Tensilica Vision DSPs for Imaging, Computer Vision, and Neural Networks](https://ip.cadence.com/vision&CMP=TIP_BB_CDN_Vis_0501_C5_PP)

[VeriSilicon’s Vivante VIP8000 Neural Network Processor IP Delivers Over 3 Tera MACs Per Second](http://www.verisilicon.com/newsdetail_499_VivanteVIP8000.html)

[神经网络DSP核的一桌麻将终于凑齐了](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/1W8mAMR9xaljZPLyEW0Xmw)

The [v-MP6000UDX processor from Videantis](http://www.videantis.com/products/deep-learning) is a scalable processor family that has been designed to run high-performance deep learning, computer vision, imaging and video coding applications in a low power footprint.

IV. Startups in China

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**[Chinese AI Chip Maker Cambricon Unveils New Cloud-Based Smart Chip](https://www.chinamoneynetwork.com/2018/05/04/chinese-ai-chip-maker-cambricon-unveils-new-cloud-based-smart-chip)** > Chinese artificial intelligence chip maker Cambricon Technologies Corp Ltd has unveiled two new products, a cloud-based smart chip Cambricon MLU100 and a new version of its AI processor IP product Cambricon 1M, at a launching event in Shanghai on May 3rd.

Cambricon release new product page, including IP, Chip and Software tools

AI Chip Explosion: Cambricon’s Billion-Device Ambition

On November 6 in Beijing, China’s rising semiconductor company Cambricon released the Cambrian-1H8 for low power consumption computer vision application, the higher-end Cambrian-1H16 for more general purpose application, the Cambrian-1M for autonomous driving applications with yet-to-be-disclosed release date, and an AI system software named Cambrian NeuWare.

Dec. 20, [Horizon Robotics](http://www.horizon.ai/) annouced two chip products, "Journey" for ADAS and "Sunrise" for Smart Cameras.

Artificial Intelligence Startup Horizon Robotics Receives Investment from Intel Capital

October 19, 2017, San Francisco, USA – Horizon Robotics, a leading global Artificial Intelligence (AI) startup, today announced during Intel Capital’s CEO Showcase that it has received investment from Intel Capital. Harvest Investments will join the round as a co-investor with participation from existing shareholders including Morningside Venture Capital, Hillhouse Capital, Wu Capital and Linear Ventures. The Company expects that its A-plus series funding round will total approximately US$100 million upon closing.

Bitcoin Mining Giant [Bitmain](https://www.bitmain.com/) is developing processors for both training and inference tasks. > [Bitmain’s newest product, the Sophon, may or may not take over deep learning](https://qz.com/1053799/chinas-bitmain-dominates-bitcoin-mining-now-it-wants-to-cash-in-on-artificial-intelligence/). But by giving it such a name Zhan and his Bitmain co-founder, Jihan Wu, have signaled to the world their intentions. The Sophon unit will include Bitmain’s first piece of bespoke silicon for a revolutionary AI technology. If things go to plan, thousands of Bitmain Sophon units soon could be training neural networks in vast data centers around the world.

On Nov.8, Bitmain announced its Sophon BM1869 Tensor Computing Processor, Deep Learning Accelerating Card SC1 and IVS server SS1.

[Chipintelli's](http://www.chipintelli.com/?_l=en) first IC, [CI1006](http://www.chipintelli.com/CI1006?_l=en), is designed for automatic speech recognition application.

[Sequoia, Hillhouse, Yitu Technology Join $68M Series A Round In Chinese AI Chip Maker ThinkForce](https://www.chinamoneynetwork.com/2017/12/15/sequoia-hillhouse-yitu-technology-join-68m-series-round-chinese-ai-chip-maker-thinkforce)

[Unisound raises US$100 million to fund AI, chip development](http://www.ejinsight.com/20180516-unisound-raises-us100-to-fund-ai-chip-development/)

[China’s AISpeech Raises $76M on Advanced Speech Tech; Eyes AI Chips](https://medium.com/syncedreview/chinas-aispeech-raises-76m-on-advanced-speech-tech-eyes-ai-chips-2c7651ac6a8)

[Chinese AI startup Rokid will mass produce their own custom AI chip for voice recognition](https://technode.com/2018/06/05/rokid/)

V. Startups Worldwide

---

[Cerebras](https://www.cerebras.net/) is notable due to its backing from Benchmark and that its founder was the CEO of SeaMicro. It appears to have [raised $25M](https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/19/a-stealthy-startup-called-cerebras-raised-around-25-million-to-build-deep-learning-hardware/) and remains in stealth mode.

Wave’s Compute Appliance is capable to run TensorFlow at 2.9 PetaOPS/sec on their 3RU appliance. Wave refers to their processors at DPUs and an appliance has 16 DPUs. Wave uses processing elements it calls Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs). It is unclear what bit width the 2.9 PetaOPS/s is referring to. Some details can be fund in their  [white paper](http://wavecomp.ai/technology/).

After HotChips 2017, in the next plateform article "[First In-Depth View of Wave Computing’s DPU Architecture, Systems](https://www.nextplatform.com/2017/08/23/first-depth-view-wave-computings-dpu-architecture-systems/)", more details were discussed.

[Graphcore](https://www.graphcore.ai/) raised $30M of Series-A late last year to support the development of their Intelligence Processing Unit, or IPU. Resently, co-founder and Chief Technology Officer, Simon Knowles, was invited to give [a talk](https://youtu.be/T8DvHnb3Y9g) at the 3rd Research and Applied AI Summit (RAAIS) in London, showing [interesting ideas](https://www.graphcore.ai/posts/how-to-build-a-processor-for-machine-intelligence-part-2) behind their processor.

In a resent post, Graphcore shows ["Preliminary IPU Benchmarks"](https://www.graphcore.ai/posts/preliminary-ipu-benchmarks-providing-previously-unseen-performance-for-a-range-of-machine-learning-applications)  

Simon Knowles, Graphcore CTO, spoke at the Scaled Machine Learning Conference at Stanford in March about 'Scaling Throughput Processors for Machine Intelligence'.

解密又一个xPU：Graphcore的IPU give some analysis on its IPU architecture.

Pezy-SC and Pezy-SC2 are the 1024 core and 2048 core processors that [Pezy](http://pezy.co.jp/en/index.html) develop. The Pezy-SC 1024 core chip powered the top 3 systems on the Green500 list of supercomputers back in 2015. The [Pezy-SC2](https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/pezy/pezy-sc2) is the follow up chip that is meant to be delivered by now, but details are scarce yet intriguing, > "PEZY-SC2 HPC Brick: 32 of PEZY-SC2 module card with 64GB DDR4 DIMM (2.1 PetaFLOPS (DP) in single tank with 6.4Tb/s" It will be interesting to see what 2,048 MIMD MIPS Warrior 64-bit cores can do. In the [June 2017 Green500 list](https://www.top500.org/green500/list/2017/06/), a Nvidia P100 system took the number one spot and there is a Pezy-SC2 system at number 7. So the chip seems alive but details are thin on the ground. [Motoaki Saito](https://wired.jp/special/2016/motoaki-saito/) is certainly worth watching.

The 2,048-core PEZY-SC2 sets a Green500 record

The SC2 is a second-generation chip featuring twice as many cores – i.e., 2,048 cores with 8-way SMT for a total of 16,384 threads. Operating at 1 GHz with 4 FLOPS per cycle per core as with the SC, the SC2 has a peak performance of 8.192 TFLOPS (single-precision). Both prior chips were manufactured on TSMC’s 28HPC+, however in order to enable the considerably higher core count within reasonable power consumption, PEZY decided to skip a generation and go directly to TSMC’s 16FF+ Technology.

> Since KnuEdge “emerged from stealth” last year, the company has gone quiet and not offered up any additional information about what they’ve been up to. According to an [article in VentureBeat](https://venturebeat.com/2016/06/06/former-nasa-chief-unveils-100-million-neural-computing-chip-company-knuedge/), we know that KnuEdge has already been generating revenue and that they were considering raising more funding this year in addition to the $100 million in “patient money” they have already raised. Their website contains next to no information aside from employee profiles. At an [Xconomy conference](http://www.xconomy.com/san-diego/2017/05/02/smarr-others-talk-healthtech-ai-at-xconomys-impact-of-innovation/) a few weeks ago, the Company talked about “cloud-based machine intelligence as a service” that is “supposed to be rolled out sometime this year“.

[Tenstorrent](http://tenstorrent.com/index.html) is a small Canadian start-up in Toronto claiming an order of magnitude improvement in efficiency for deep learning, like most. No real public details but they're are on the [Cognitive 300 list](http://www.cogniteventures.com/the-cognitive-computing-startup-list/).

[ThinCI](http://thinci.com/index.html) is [developing vision processors](https://venturebeat.com/2016/10/06/thinci-teams-with-denso-to-create-vision-processors-with-100x-performance-improvements/) from Sacremento with employees in India too. They claim to be at the point of first silicon, Thinci-tc500, along with benchmarking and winning of customers already happening. Apart from "doing everything in parallel" we have little to go on. > Founded in 2010, Eldorado Hills, California startup ThinCI has taken in an undisclosed amount of funding to develop a technology that will bring vision processing to all devices. The ability for smart devices to have functionality like computer vision that doesn’t require regular communication to the cloud is referred to as “edge computing” or “fog computing”. That’s where ThinCI wants to play.

> Founded in 2014, Newark, California startup [Koniku](http://koniku.io/) has taken in $1.65 million in funding so far to become “the world’s first neurocomputation company“. The idea is that since the brain is the most powerful computer ever devised, why not reverse engineer it? Simple, right? Koniku is actually integrating biological neurons onto chips and has made enough progress that they claim to have AstraZeneca as a customer. Boeing has also signed on with a letter of intent to use the technology in chemical-detecting drones.

[Adapteva](http://www.adapteva.com/) has taken in $5.1 million in funding from investors that include mobile giant Ericsson. [The paper "Epiphany-V: A 1024 processor 64-bit RISC System-On-Chip"](http://www.parallella.org/docs/e5_1024core_soc.pdf) describes the design of Adapteva's 1024-core processor chip in 16nm FinFet technology.

[Knowm](http://knowm.org/) is actually setup as a .ORG but they appear to be pursuing a for-profit enterprise. The New Mexcio startup has taken in an undisclosed amount of seed funding so far to develop a new computational framework called [AHaH Computing](http://knowm.org/ahah-computing/) (Anti-Hebbian and Hebbian). The gory details can be found in [this publication](http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0085175), but the short story is that this technology aims to reduce the size and power consumption of intelligent machine learning applications by up to 9 orders of magnitude.

A battery powered neural chip from [Mythic](https://www.mythic-ai.com/technology/) with 50x lower power. > Founded in 2012, Texas-based startup Mythic (formerly known as Isocline) has taken in $9.5 million in funding with Draper Fisher Jurvetson as the lead investor. Prior to receiving any funding, the startup has taken in [$2.5 million in grants](https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/22/mythic-launches-a-chip-to-enable-computer-vision-and-voice-control-on-any-device/). Mythic is developing an AI chip that “puts desktop GPU compute capabilities and deep neural networks onto a button-sized chip – with 50x higher battery life and far more data processing capabilities than competitors“. Essentially, that means you can give voice control and computer vision to any device locally without needing cloud connectivity.

Despite many promises,[Kalray](http://www.kalrayinc.com/) has not progressed their chip offering beyond the 256 core beast covered back in 2015, "[Kalray - new product meander](https://meanderful.blogspot.jp/2015/06/kalray-new-product-meander.html)." Kalray is advertising their product as suitable for embedded self-driving car applications. Kalray has a [Kalray Neural Network](http://www.eenewseurope.com/news/kalray-turns-neural-networks) (KaNN) software package and claims better efficiency than GPUs with up to 1 TFlop/s on chip.

Kalrays NN fortunes may improve with an imminent product refresh and just this month Kalray completed a new funding that raised $26M. The new [Coolidge processor]((http://www.eenewseurope.com/news/kalray-turns-neural-networks)) is due in mid-2018 with 80 or 160 cores along with 80 or 160 co-processors optimised for vision and deep learning.

BrainChip Inc (CA. USA) was the first company to offer a [Spiking Neural processor](http://www.brainchipinc.com/technology), which was patented in 2008 (patent US 8,250,011). The current device, called the BrainChip Accelerator is a chip intended for rapid learning. It is offered as part of the BrainChip Studio software. BrainChip is a publicly listed company as part of BrainChip Holdings Ltd.

[This BDTi artical](https://www.bdti.com/InsideDSP/2017/07/27/AImotive) shows some information of aiWare IP of [Aimotive](https://aimotive.com/what-we-do/#aiware) . > Speaking of chips, AImotive and partner VeriSilicon are in the process of designing a 22 nm FD-SOI test chip, which is forecast to come out of GlobalFoundries' fab in Q1 2018 (Figure 4). It will feature a 1 TMAC/sec aiWare core, consuming approximately 25 mm2 of silicon area; a Vivante VIP8000-derivative processor core will inhabit the other half of the die, and between 2-4 GBytes of DDR4 SDRAM will also be included in the multi-die package. The convolution-tailored LAM in this test chip, according to Feher, will have the following specifications (based on preliminary synthesis results): > 2,048 8x8 MACs > Logic area (including input/output buffering logic, LAM control and MACs): 3.45mm2 > Memory (on-chip buffer): in the range of 5-25mm2 depending on configuration (10-50 Mbits). Another interesting activity of Aimotive is [Neural Network Exchange Format (NNEF)](https://www.khronos.org/nnef).

[DeepScale raises $3 million for perception AI to make self-driving cars safe](https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/21/deepscale-raises-3-million-for-perception-ai-to-make-self-driving-cars-safe/)

[Leepmind](http://www.leapmind.io/products.php) is carrying out research on original chip architectures in order to implement Neural Networks on a circuit enabling low power DeepLearning

> A crowdfunding effort for Snickerdoodle raised $224,876 and they’re currenty shipping. If you pre-order one, they’ll deliver it by summer. The palm-sized unit uses the Zynq “System on Chip” (SoC) from Xilinix.

> NovuMind combines big data, high-performance, and heterogeneous computing to change the Internet of Things (IoT) into the Intelligent Internet of Things (I²oT). [this video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGQGStPoNu4) is the description and demos of NovuMind FPGA AI Accelerator.

[Reduced Energy Microsystems](http://www.remicro.com/) are developing lower power asynchronous chips to suit CNN inference. REM was Y Combinator's first ASIC venture according to [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/16/reduced-energy-microsystems-pits-startup-chip-chops-against-industry-giants/).

[TeraDeep](https://www.teradeep.com/) is building an AI Appliance using its deep learning FPGA’s acceleration. The company claims image recognition performance on AlexNet to achieve a 2X performance advantage compared with large GPUs, while consuming 5X less power. When compared to Intel’s Xeon processor, TeraDeep’s Accel technology delivers 10X the performance while consuming 5X less power.

DEEP VISION

[Deep Vision](http://deepvision.io/) is bulding low-power chips for deep learning. Perhaps one of these papers by the founders have clues, "[Convolution Engine: Balancing Efficiency & Flexibility in Specialized Computing](http://csl.stanford.edu/~christos/publications/2013.convolution.isca.pdf)" [2013] and "[Convolution Engine: Balancing Efficiency and Flexibility in Specialized Computing](http://csl.stanford.edu/~christos/publications/2015.convolution_engine.cacm.pdf)" [2015].

Groq

[Groq](https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/20/ex-googlers-left-secretive-ai-unit-to-form-groq-with-palihapitiya.html) is founded by Ex-googlers, who designed Google TPU. [Groq's website](groq.com) claims that its first chip will run 400 trillion operations per second with 8TOP/s per Watt power efficiency.

KAIST DNPU

[Face Recognition System “K-Eye” Presented by KAIST](http://www.kaist.ac.kr/_prog/_board/?code=ed_news&mode=V&no=65402&upr_ntt_no=65402&site_dvs_cd=en&menu_dvs_cd=)

[从ISSCC Deep Learning处理器论文到人脸识别产品](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/28328046)

[Kneron to Accelerate Edge AI Development with more than 10 Million USD Series A Financing](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kneron-to-accelerate-edge-ai-development-with-more-than-10-million-usd-series-a-financing-300556674.html)

[Here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AxFtVhHXOnc) is the demo of their chip, usb dongle and development board.

Esperanto Technologies

According to this article, ["Esperanto exits stealth mode, aims at AI with a 4,096-core 7nm RISC-V monster"](https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/686/esperanto-exits-stealth-mode-aims-at-ai-with-a-4096-core-7nm-risc-v-monster/), > Although [Esperanto](https://www.esperanto.ai/) will be licensing the cores they have been designing, they do plan on producing their own products. The first product they want to deliver is the highest TeraFLOP per Watt machine learning computing system. Ditzel noted that the overall design is scalable in both performance and power. The chips will be designed in 7nm and will feature a heterogeneous multi-core architecture.

According to the linkedin page of its CEO, former SPARC developer in ORACLE, [SambaNova Systems](https://sambanovasystems.com/) is a computing startup focused on building machine learning and big data analytics platforms. SambaNova's software-defined analytics platform enables optimum performance for any ML training, inference or analytics models.

[The red-hot AI hardware space gets even hotter with $56M for a startup called SambaNova Systems](https://techcrunch.com/2018/03/15/the-red-hot-ai-chip-space-gets-even-hotter-with-56m-for-a-startup-called-sambanova/) > SambaNova is the product of technology from Kunle Olukotun and Chris Ré, two professors at Stanford, and led by former Oracle SVP of development Rodrigo Liang, who was also a VP at Sun for almost 8 years.

> GreenWaves Technologies develops IoT Application Processors based on Open Source IP blocks enabling content understanding applications on embedded, battery-operated devices with unmatched energy efficiency. Our first product is GAP8. GAP8 provides an ultra-low power computing solution for edge devices carrying out inference from multiple, content rich sources such as images, sounds and motions. GAP8 can be used in a variety of different applications and industries.

[Light-Powered Computers Brighten AI’s Future](https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/light-powered-computers-brighten-ai-rsquo-s-future/) > Optical computers may have finally found a use—improving artificial intelligence

[Lightmatter aims to reinvent AI-specific chips with photonic computing and $11M in funding](https://techcrunch.com/2018/02/05/lightmatter-aims-to-reinvent-ai-specific-chips-with-photonic-computing-and-11m-in-funding/) > It takes an immense amount of processing power to create and operate the “AI” features we all use so often, from playlist generation to voice recognition. Lightmatter is a startup that is looking to change the way all that computation is done — and not in a small way. The company makes photonic chips that essentially perform calculations at the speed of light, leaving transistors in the dust. It just closed an $11 million Series A.

[First Low-Power AI-Inference Accelerator Vision Processing Unit From Think Silicon To Debut at Embedded World 2018](https://think-silicon.com/2018/02/21/1138-2/) > TORONTO, Canada/NUREMBERG, Germany – FEB 21st, 2018 – Think Silicon®, a leader in developing ultra-low power graphics IP technology, will demonstrate a prototype of NEMA® xNN, the world’s first low-power ‘Inference Accelerator’ Vision Processing Unit for artificial intelligence, convolutional neural networks at Embedded World 2018.

[Innogrit Technologies Incorporated](https://innogritcorp.com/technology) is a startup seting out to solve the data storage and data transport problem in artificial intelligence and other big data applications through innovative integrated circuit (IC) and system solutions: Extracts intelligence from correlated data and unlocks the value in artificial intelligence systems; Reduces redundancy in big data and improves system efficiency for artificial intelligence applications; Brings networking capability to storage devices and offers unparalleled performance at large scales; Performs data computation within storage devices and boosts performance of large data centers.

[Kortiq](http://www.kortiq.com/) is a startup providing "FPGA based Neural Network Engine IP Core and The scalable Solution for Low Cost Edge Machine Learning Inference for Embedded Vision". Recently, they revealed some comparison data. You can also find the Preliminary Datasheet of their AIScaleCDP2 IP Core on their website.

[Hailo raises a $12.5M Series A round for its deep learning chips](https://techcrunch.com/2018/06/05/hailo-raises-a-12-5m-series-a-round-for-its-deep-learning-chips/) > Israel-based [Hailo](https://www.hailotech.com/), which is building deep learning chips for embedded devices. The company announced that it has raised a $12 million Series A round.

[Silicon Startup Raises ‘Prodigy’ for Hyperscale AI Workloads](https://www.hpcwire.com/2018/05/23/silicon-startup-raises-prodigy-for-hyperscale-ai-workloads/) > Silicon Valley-based Tachyum Inc., which has been emerging from stealth over the last year and a half, is unveiling a processor codenamed “Prodigy,” said to combine features of both CPUs and GPUs in a way that offers a purported 10x performance-per-watt advantage over current technologies. The company is primarily focused on the hyperscale datacenter market, but has aspirations to support brainier applications, noting that “Prodigy will enable a super-computational system for real-time full capacity human brain neural network simulation by 2020.”

Reference

---

1. FPGAs and AI processors: DNN and CNN for all
   
2. 12 AI Hardware Startups Building New AI Chips
   
3. Tutorial on Hardware Architectures for Deep Neural Networks
   
4. Neural Network Accelerator Inference
   
5. DAWNBench:An End-to-End Deep Learning Benchmark and Competition Image Classification (ImageNet)
   
6. Fathom:Reference workloads for modern deep learning methods.
   
7. MLPerf:A broad ML benchmark suite for measuring performance of ML software frameworks, ML hardware accelerators, and ML cloud platforms.