🎨 Fix minor oversights by using static constexpr and noexcept

[marcelwa]

Description

This PR fixes minor oversights in two places that might have the possibility to slightly increase performance when heavily used.

1. Switched from dynamic to static allocation in clocking_scheme.hpp
2. Added missing noexcept annotations in stl_utils.hpp

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (4cb8adb) 95.85% compared to head (4d3c5e5) 95.83%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #306      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   95.85%   95.83%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files          98       98              
  Lines        9550     9539      -11     
==========================================
- Hits         9154     9142      -12     
- Misses        396      397       +1     

Files	Coverage Δ
include/fiction/layouts/clocking_scheme.hpp	97.04% <ø> (-0.19%)	⬇️
include/fiction/utils/stl_utils.hpp	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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[github-actions]

clang-tidy made some suggestions