opendapr is an R package that provides functions to harmonize and speed-up the download of some well-known and widely-used spatiotemporal Earth science datacubes (e.g. MODIS, VIIRS, GPM or SMAP) using the OPeNDAP framework (Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol)
Harmonize ?
opendapr proposes a single function to query the various data servers, and another single function to download the data.
Speed-up ?
opendapr uses the abilities offered by the OPeNDAP to download a subset of data cube, along spatial, temporal or any other data dimension (depth, …). This way, it reduces downloading time and disk usage to their minimum : no more 1° x 1° MODIS tiles when your region of interest is only 100 km x 100 km wide ! Moreover, opendapr supports parallelized downloads.
Below is a comparison of opendapr with other packages available for downloading chunks of remote sensing data :
Package | Data | Spatial subsetting* | Dimensional subsetting* |
---|---|---|---|
opendapr |
MODIS, VIIRS, SMAP, GPM | âś… | âś… |
MODIS |
MODIS | ❌ | ❌ |
MODIStsp |
MODIS | ❌ | ✅ |
MODISTools |
MODIS | âś… | âś… |
smapr |
SMAP | ❌ | ❌ |
* at the downloading phase
By enabling to download subsets of data cubes, opendapr facilites the access to Earth science data for R users in places where internet connection is slow or expensive and promotes digital sobriety for our research work.
The OPeNDAP, over which the package builds, is a project developed by the non-profit OPeNDAP, Inc. and advanced openly and collaboratively. By using this data access protocol, opendapr support the open-source-software movement.
The package can be installed with:
# install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("ptaconet/opendapr", build_vignettes = T, build_manual = T)
Work is ongoing to publish the package on the CRAN.
Currently opendapr supports download of 77 data collections, extracted from the following meta-collections :
- MODIS land products made available by the NASA / USGS LP DAAC (➡️ source OPeNDAP server) ;
- VIIRS land products made available by the NASA / USGS LP DAAC (➡️ source OPeNDAP server) ;
- VIIRS land products made available by the NASA LAADS DAAC (➡️ source OPeNDAP server) ;
- Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) made available by the NASA / JAXA GES DISC (➡️ source OPeNDAP server) ;
- Soil Moisture Active-Passive (SMAP) made available by the NASA NSIDC DAAC (➡️ source OPeNDAP server)
Details of each product available for download are provided in the table
above or through the function odr_list_collections()
. Want more
details on a specific collection ? Click on the “DOI” column !
Data collections available for download with opendapr (click to expand)
Collection |
Name |
Source |
Nature |
DOI |
url_opendap_server |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GPM_3IMERGDE.06 |
GPM IMERG Early Precipitation L3 1 day 0.1 degree x 0.1 degree V06 |
GPM |
Rainfall |
https://gpm1.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov/opendap/GPM_L3/GPM_3IMERGDE.06/ |
|
GPM_3IMERGDF.06 |
GPM IMERG Final Precipitation L3 1 day 0.1 degree x 0.1 degree V06 |
GPM |
Rainfall |
https://gpm1.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov/opendap/GPM_L3/GPM_3IMERGDF.06/ |
|
GPM_3IMERGDL.06 |
GPM IMERG Late Precipitation L3 1 day 0.1 degree x 0.1 degree V06 |
GPM |
Rainfall |
https://gpm1.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov/opendap/GPM_L3/GPM_3IMERGDL.06/ |
|
GPM_3IMERGHH.06 |
GPM IMERG Final Precipitation L3 Half Hourly 0.1 degree x 0.1 degree V06 |
GPM |
Rainfall |
https://gpm1.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov/opendap/GPM_L3/GPM_3IMERGHH.06/ |
|
GPM_3IMERGHHE.06 |
GPM IMERG Early Precipitation L3 Half Hourly 0.1 degree x 0.1 degree V06 |
GPM |
Rainfall |
https://gpm1.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov/opendap/GPM_L3/GPM_3IMERGHHE.06/ |
|
GPM_3IMERGHHL.06 |
GPM IMERG Late Precipitation L3 Half Hourly 0.1 degree x 0.1 degree V06 |
GPM |
Rainfall |
https://gpm1.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov/opendap/GPM_L3/GPM_3IMERGHHL.06/ |
|
GPM_3IMERGM.06 |
GPM IMERG Final Precipitation L3 1 month 0.1 degree x 0.1 degree V06 |
GPM |
Rainfall |
https://gpm1.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov/opendap/GPM_L3/GPM_3IMERGM.06/ |
|
MCD12Q1.006 |
MODIS/Terra+Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Land cover |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MCD12Q1.006/contents.html |
|
MCD15A2H.006 |
MODIS/Terra+Aqua Leaf Area Index/FPAR 8-Day L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Leaf area index |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MCD15A2H.006/contents.html |
|
MCD15A3H.006 |
MODIS/Terra+Aqua Leaf Area Index/FPAR 4-Day L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Leaf area index |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MCD15A3H.006/contents.html |
|
MCD43A1.006 |
MODIS/Terra and Aqua BRDF/Albedo Model Parameters Daily L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Albedo |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MCD43A1.006/contents.html |
|
MCD43A2.006 |
MODIS/Terra and Aqua BRDF/Albedo Quality Daily L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Albedo |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MCD43A2.006/contents.html |
|
MCD43A3.006 |
MODIS/Terra and Aqua Albedo Daily L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Albedo |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MCD43A3.006/contents.html |
|
MCD43A4.006 |
MODIS/Terra and Aqua Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance Daily L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Surface reflectance |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MCD43A4.006/contents.html |
|
MCD64A1.006 |
MODIS/Terra+Aqua Burned Area Monthly L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Burned areas |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MCD64A1.006/contents.html |
|
MOD09A1.006 |
MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Surface reflectance |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD09A1.006/contents.html |
|
MOD09GA.006 |
MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance Daily L2G Global 1 km and 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Surface reflectance |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD09GA.006/contents.html |
|
MOD09GQ.006 |
MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance Daily L2G Global 250 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Surface reflectance |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD09GQ.006/contents.html |
|
MOD09Q1.006 |
MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 250 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Surface reflectance |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD09Q1.006/contents.html |
|
MOD11A1.006 |
MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V006 |
MODIS |
Land surface temperature |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD11A1.006/contents.html |
|
MOD11A2.006 |
MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid V006 |
MODIS |
Land surface temperature |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD11A2.006/contents.html |
|
MOD11B2.006 |
MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 6 km SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Land surface temperature |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD11B2.006/contents.html |
|
MOD11B3.006 |
MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Monthly L3 Global 6 km SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Land surface temperature |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD11B3.006/contents.html |
|
MOD13A1.006 |
MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Vegetation indices |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD13A1.006/contents.html |
|
MOD13A2.006 |
MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Vegetation indices |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD13A2.006/contents.html |
|
MOD13A3.006 |
MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices Monthly L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Vegetation indices |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD13A3.006/contents.html |
|
MOD13Q1.006 |
MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V006 |
MODIS |
Vegetation indices |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD13Q1.006/contents.html |
|
MOD15A2H.006 |
MODIS/Terra Leaf Area Index/FPAR 8-Day L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Leaf area index |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD15A2H.006/contents.html |
|
MOD16A2.006 |
MODIS/Terra Net Evapotranspiration 8-Day L4 Global 500m SIN Grid V006 |
MODIS |
Evapotranspiration |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD16A2.006/contents.html |
|
MOD16A2GF.006 |
MODIS/Terra Net Evapotranspiration Gap-Filled 8-Day L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Evapotranspiration |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD16A2GF.006/contents.html |
|
MOD16A3GF.006 |
MODIS/Terra Net Evapotranspiration Gap-Filled Yearly L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Evapotranspiration |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD16A3GF.006/contents.html |
|
MOD17A2H.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Gross Primary Productivity 8-Day L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Primary Productivity |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD17A2H.006/contents.html |
|
MOD17A2HGF.006 |
MODIS/Terra Gross Primary Productivity Gap-Filled 8-Day L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Primary Productivity |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD17A2HGF.006/contents.html |
|
MOD17A3.055 |
MODIS/Terra Net Primary Production Yearly L4 Global 1 km SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Primary Productivity |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD17A3.055/contents.html |
|
MOD17A3HGF.006 |
MODIS/Terra Net Primary Production Gap-Filled Yearly L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Primary Productivity |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MOD17A3HGF.006/contents.html |
|
MODOCGA.006 |
MODIS/Terra Ocean Reflectance Daily L2G-Lite Global 1 km SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Ocean Reflectance |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MODOCGA.006/contents.html |
|
MODTBGA.006 |
MODIS/Terra Thermal Bands Daily L2G-Lite Global 1 km SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Thermal Bands |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MODTBGA.006/contents.html |
|
MYD09A1.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Surface reflectance |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD09A1.006/contents.html |
|
MYD09GA.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Surface Reflectance Daily L2G Global 1 km and 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Surface reflectance |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD09GA.006/contents.html |
|
MYD09GQ.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Surface Reflectance Daily L2G Global 250 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Surface reflectance |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD09GQ.006/contents.html |
|
MYD09Q1.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 250 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Surface reflectance |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD09Q1.006/contents.html |
|
MYD11A1.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V006 |
MODIS |
Land surface temperature |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD11A1.006/contents.html |
|
MYD11A2.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid V006 |
MODIS |
Land surface temperature |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD11A2.006/contents.html |
|
MYD11B2.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 6 km SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Land surface temperature |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD11B2.006/contents.html |
|
MYD11B3.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Monthly L3 Global 6 km SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Land surface temperature |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD11B3.006/contents.html |
|
MYD13A1.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Vegetation indices |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD13A1.006/contents.html |
|
MYD13A2.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Vegetation indices |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD13A2.006/contents.html |
|
MYD13A3.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Vegetation Indices Monthly L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Vegetation indices |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD13A3.006/contents.html |
|
MYD13Q1.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V006 |
MODIS |
Vegetation indices |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD13Q1.006/contents.html |
|
MYD15A2H.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Leaf Area Index/FPAR 8-Day L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Leaf area index |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD15A2H.006/contents.html |
|
MYD16A2.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Net Evapotranspiration 8-Day L4 Global 500m SIN Grid V006 |
MODIS |
Evapotranspiration |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD16A2.006/contents.html |
|
MYD16A2GF.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Net Evapotranspiration Gap-Filled 8-Day L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Evapotranspiration |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD16A2GF.006/contents.html |
|
MYD16A3GF.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Net Evapotranspiration Gap-Filled Yearly L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Evapotranspiration |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD16A3GF.006/contents.html |
|
MYD17A2H.006 |
MODIS/Terra Gross Primary Productivity 8-Day L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Primary Productivity |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD17A2H.006/contents.html |
|
MYD17A2HGF.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Gross Primary Productivity Gap-Filled 8-Day L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Primary Productivity |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD17A2HGF.006/contents.html |
|
MYD17A3HGF.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Net Primary Production Gap-Filled Yearly L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Primary Productivity |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYD17A3HGF.006/contents.html |
|
MYDOCGA.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Ocean Reflectance Daily L2G-Lite Global 1 km SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Ocean Reflectance |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYDOCGA.006/contents.html |
|
MYDTBGA.006 |
MODIS/Aqua Thermal Bands Daily L2G-Lite Global 1 km SIN Grid |
MODIS |
Thermal Bands |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/MYDTBGA.006/contents.html |
|
SPL3SMP_E.003 |
SMAP Enhanced L3 Radiometer Global Daily 9 km EASE-Grid Soil Moisture, Version 3 |
SMAP |
Soil Moisture |
||
VNP09A1.001 |
VIIRS/NPP Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid |
VIIRS |
Surface reflectance |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP09A1.001/contents.html |
|
VNP09H1.001 |
VIIRS/NPP Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
VIIRS |
Surface reflectance |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP09H1.001/contents.html |
|
VNP13A1.001 |
VIIRS/NPP Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
VIIRS |
Vegetation indices |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP13A1.001/contents.html |
|
VNP13A2.001 |
VIIRS/NPP Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid |
VIIRS |
Vegetation indices |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP13A2.001/contents.html |
|
VNP13A3.001 |
VIIRS/NPP Vegetation Indices Monthly L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid |
VIIRS |
Vegetation indices |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP13A3.001/contents.html |
|
VNP14A1.001 |
VIIRS/NPP Thermal Anomalies/Fire Daily L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid |
VIIRS |
Thermal Anomalies/Fire |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP14A1.001/contents.html |
|
VNP15A2H.001 |
VIIRS/NPP Leaf Area Index/FPAR 8-Day L4 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
VIIRS |
Leaf area index |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP15A2H.001/contents.html |
|
VNP21A1D.001 |
VIIRS/NPP Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid Day |
VIIRS |
Land surface temperature |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP21A1D.001/contents.html |
|
VNP21A1N.001 |
VIIRS/NPP Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid Night |
VIIRS |
Land surface temperature |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP21A1N.001/contents.html |
|
VNP21A2.001 |
VIIRS/NPP Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid |
VIIRS |
Land surface temperature |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP21A2.001/contents.html |
|
VNP43IA2.001 |
VIIRS/NPP BRDF/Albedo Quality Daily L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
VIIRS |
Albedo |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP43IA2.001/contents.html |
|
VNP43IA3.001 |
VIIRS/NPP Albedo Daily L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
VIIRS |
Albedo |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP43IA3.001/contents.html |
|
VNP43IA4.001 |
VIIRS/NPP Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance Daily L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid |
VIIRS |
Surface reflectance |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP43IA4.001/contents.html |
|
VNP43MA1.001 |
VIIRS/NPP BRDF/Albedo Model Parameters Daily L3 Global 1 km SIN |
VIIRS |
Albedo |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP43MA1.001/contents.html |
|
VNP43MA2.001 |
VIIRS/NPP BRDF/Albedo Quality Daily L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid |
VIIRS |
Albedo |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP43MA2.001/contents.html |
|
VNP43MA3.001 |
VIIRS/NPP Albedo Daily L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid |
VIIRS |
Albedo |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP43MA3.001/contents.html |
|
VNP43MA4.001 |
VIIRS/NPP Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance Daily L3 Global 1 km SIN |
VIIRS |
Surface reflectance |
https://opendap.cr.usgs.gov/opendap/hyrax/VNP43MA4.001/contents.html |
|
VNP46A1 |
VIIRS/NPP Daily Gridded Day Night Band 500m Linear Lat Lon Grid Night |
VIIRS |
Nighttime lights |
https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/opendap/hyrax/allData/5000/VNP46A1/contents.html |
Downloading the data with opendapr is a simple two-steps workflow :
-
With the function
odr_get_url()
, get the URL(s) of the data for :- a collection : see previous section,
- variables,
- region of interest,
- time range,
- output data format (netcdf, ascii, json)
-
Next, with the function
odr_download_data()
: download the data to your computer.
Additional functions include : list collection available for download (
odr_list_collections()
), list variables available for each collection
( odr_list_variables()
), login to EOSDIS Earthdata before querying
the servers and downloading the data (odr_login()
).
Have a look at the
vignette("opendapr1")
to get started with a simple example, and for a more advanced workflow
see the
vignette("opendapr2")
!
Next developments may involve :
- Short term : including more SMAP collections (at now only SPL3SMP_3.003 collection is available)
- Longer term : including access to more collections and OPeNDAP servers
Any contribution is welcome !
We thank NASA and its partners for making all their Earth science data freely available, and implementing open data access protocols such as OPeNDAP. opendapr heavily builds on top of the OPeNDAP, so we thank the non-profit OPeNDAP, Inc. for developing the eponym tool in an open and collaborative way.
We also thank the contributors that have tested the package, reviewed the documentation and brought valuable feedbacks to improve the package : Florian de Boissieu, Julien Taconet, Nicolas Moiroux
The initial development and first release of this package were financed by the MIVEGEC unit of the French Research Institute for Sustainable Development, as part of the REACT project.