CEP-78: Enhanced NFT standard

Design Goals

• DApp developers attempting to create an NFT contract should be able to install the contract as is configured for the specific built-in behavior they want their NFT contract instance to have. Must work out of the box.
• Reference implementation must be straightforward, clear, and obvious.
• Externally observable association between Accounts and/or Contracts and NFTs they "own".
• Should be well documented with exhaustive tests that prove all possible combinations of defined behavior work as intended.
• Must be entirely self-contained within a singular repo; this includes all code, all tests, all relevant CasperLabs provided SDKs and all relevant documentation.
• Must support mainstream expectations about common NFT conventions.
• A given NFT contract instance must be able to choose when created if it is using a Metadata schema conformant with existing community standards or a specific custom schema that they provide.
• A NFT contract instance must validate provided metadata against the specified metadata schema for that contract.
• Standardized session code to interact with an NFT contract instance must be usable as is, so that a given DApp developer doesn't have to write any Wasm producing logic for normal usage of NFT contract instances produced by this contract.

New in Version 1.5

Please refer to the release notes

Table of Contents

1. Usage

   • Installing the Contract

   • Utility Session Code

2. Installing and Interacting with CEP-78 Contracts using the Rust Casper Client

3. Test Suite and Specification

4. Error Codes

Usage

Building the Contract

The main.rs file within the contract provides the installer for the NFT contract. Users can compile the contract to Wasm using the make build-contract command from the Makefile provided.

The pre-built Wasm for the contract and all other utility session code can be found as part of the most current release. Users wishing to build the Wasm themselves can pull the code and use the make build-contract command provided in the Makefile. Please note, however, that you must install wasm-strip to build the contract.

The call method will install the contract with the necessary entrypoints and call the init() entrypoint, which allows the contract to self-initialize and set up the necessary state variables for operation.

Required Runtime Arguments

The following are the required runtime arguments that must be passed to the installer session code to correctly install the NFT contract. For more information on the modalities that these arguments set, please refer to the Modalities documentation.

• "collection_name": The name of the NFT collection, passed in as a String. This parameter is required and cannot be changed post installation.
• "collection_symbol": The symbol representing a given NFT collection, passed in as a String. This parameter is required and cannot be changed post installation.
• "total_token_supply": The total number of NFTs that a specific instance of a contract will mint passed in as a U64 value. This parameter is required.
• "ownership_mode": The OwnershipMode modality that dictates the ownership behavior of the NFT contract. This argument is passed in as a u8 value and is required at the time of installation.
• "json_schema": The JSON schema for the NFT tokens that will be minted by the NFT contract passed in as a String. This parameter is required if the metadata kind is set to CustomValidated(3) and cannot be changed post installation.
• "nft_metadata_kind": The base metadata schema for the NFTs to be minted by the NFT contract. This argument is passed in as a u8 value and is required at the time of installation.
• "identifier_mode": The NFTIdentifierMode modality dictates the primary identifier for NFTs minted by the contract. This argument is passed in as a u8 value and is required at the time of installation.
• "metadata_mutability": The MetadataMutability modality dictates whether the metadata of minted NFTs can be updated. This argument is passed in as a u8 value and is required at the time of installation.

The following are the optional parameters that can be passed in at the time of installation.

• "minting_mode": The MintingMode modality that dictates the access to the mint() entry-point in the NFT contract. This is an optional parameter that will default to restricting access to the installer of the contract. This parameter cannot be changed once the contract has been installed.
• "allow_minting": The "allow_minting" flag allows the installer of the contract to pause the minting of new NFTs. The allow_minting is a boolean toggle that allows minting when true. If not provided at install the toggle will default to true. This value can be changed by the installer by calling the set_variables() entrypoint.
• "nft_kind": The NFTKind modality that specifies the off-chain items represented by the on-chain NFT data. This argument is passed in as a u8 value and is optional at the time of installation. If not provided at install the toggle will default to Virtual This parameter cannot be changed once the contract has been installed.
• "whitelist_mode": The WhitelistMode modality dictates whether the contract whitelist can be updated. This optional parameter will default to an unlocked whitelist that can be updated post installation. This parameter cannot be changed once the contract has been installed.
• "holder_mode": The NFTHolderMode modality dictates which entities can hold NFTs. This is an optional parameter and will default to a mixed mode allowing either Accounts or Contracts to hold NFTs. This parameter cannot be changed once the contract has been installed.
• "acl_whitelist": The ACL whitelist is a list of accounts and/or contract/package hashes that specifies which accounts and/or contracts can call the mint() entrypoint to mint NFTs. This is an optional parameter which will default to an empty whitelist. This value can be changed via the set_variables post installation. If the whitelist mode is set to locked, a non-empty whitelist must be passed; else, installation of the contract will fail.
• "burn_mode": The BurnMode modality dictates whether minted NFTs can be burnt. This is an optional parameter and will allow tokens to be burnt by default. This parameter cannot be changed once the contract has been installed.
• "owner_reverse_lookup_mode": The OwnerReverseLookupMode modality dictates whether the lookup for owners to token identifiers is available. This is an optional parameter and will not provide the lookup by default. This parameter cannot be changed once the contract has been installed.
• "events_mode": The EventsMode modality selects the event schema used to record any changes that occur to tokens issued by the contract instance.
• "additional_required_metdata": An additional metadata schema that must be included. This argument is passed in as a u8 value.
• "optional_metdata": An optional metadata schema that may be included. This argument is passed in as a u8 value.

Example deploy

The following is an example of installing the NFT contract via a deploy using the Rust CLI Casper client. You can find more examples here.

casper-client put-deploy -n https://rpc.testnet.casperlabs.io/ --chain-name "casper-test" --payment-amount 500000000000 -k keys/secret_key.pem --session-path contract/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/contract.wasm \
--session-arg "collection_name:string='enhanced-nft-1'" \
--session-arg "collection_symbol:string='ENFT-1'" \
--session-arg "total_token_supply:u64='10'" \
--session-arg "ownership_mode:u8='0'" \
--session-arg "nft_kind:u8='1'" \
--session-arg "json_schema:string='nft-schema'" \
--session-arg "allow_minting:bool='true'" \
--session-arg "owner_reverse_lookup_mode:u8='0'" \
--session-arg "nft_metadata_kind:u8='2'" \
--session-arg "identifier_mode:u8='0'" \
--session-arg "metadata_mutability:u8='1'"

Utility Session Code

Specific entrypoints in use by the current implementation of the NFT contract require session code to accept return values passed by the contract over the Wasm boundary. In order to help with the installation and use of the NFT contract, session code for such entrypoints has been provided. It is recommended that users and DApp developers attempting to engage with the NFT contract do so with the help of the provided utility session code. The session code can be found in the client folder within the project folder.

Entrypoint name	Session code
"mint"	client/mint_session
"balance_of"	client/balance_of_session
"get_approved	client/get_approved_session
"owner_of"	client/owner_of_session
"transfer"	client/transfer_session

Checking Token Ownership

Learn to check token ownership starting with version v1.1.1. The OwnerReverseLookupMode modality must be set to Complete as described here.

Upgrading to Version 1.1.1

Upgrade to v1.1.1 using a Standard NamedKey Convention or a Custom NamedKey Convention.

Installing and Interacting with the Contract using the Rust Casper Client

You can find instructions on installing an instance of the CEP-78 contract using the Rust CLI Casper client here.

Test Suite and Specification

The expected behavior of the NFT contract implementation is asserted by its test suite found in the tests folder. The test suite and the corresponding unit tests comprise the specification around the contract and outline the expected behaviors of the NFT contract across the entire range of possible configurations (i.e modalities and toggles like allow minting). The test suite ensures that as new modalities are added, and current modalities are extended, no regressions and conflicting behaviors are introduced. The test suite also asserts the correct working behavior of the utility session code provided in the client folder. The tests can be run by using the provided Makefile and running the make test command.

Error Codes

Code	Error
1	InvalidAccount
2	MissingInstaller
3	InvalidInstaller
4	UnexpectedKeyVariant
5	MissingTokenOwner
6	InvalidTokenOwner
7	FailedToGetArgBytes
8	FailedToCreateDictionary
9	MissingStorageUref
10	InvalidStorageUref
11	MissingOwnerUref
12	InvalidOwnersUref
13	FailedToAccessStorageDictionary
14	FailedToAccessOwnershipDictionary
15	DuplicateMinted
16	FailedToConvertCLValue
17	MissingCollectionName
18	InvalidCollectionName
19	FailedToSerializeMetaData
20	MissingAccount
21	MissingMintingStatus
22	InvalidMintingStatus
23	MissingCollectionSymbol
24	InvalidCollectionSymbol
25	MissingTotalTokenSupply
26	InvalidTotalTokenSupply
27	MissingTokenID
28	InvalidTokenIdentifier
29	MissingTokenOwners
30	MissingAccountHash
31	InvalidAccountHash
32	TokenSupplyDepleted
33	MissingOwnedTokensDictionary
34	TokenAlreadyBelongsToMinterFatal
35	FatalTokenIdDuplication
36	InvalidMinter
37	MissingMintingMode
38	InvalidMintingMode
39	MissingInstallerKey
40	FailedToConvertToAccountHash
41	InvalidBurner
42	PreviouslyBurntToken
43	MissingAllowMinting
44	InvalidAllowMinting
45	MissingNumberOfMintedTokens
46	InvalidNumberOfMintedTokens
47	MissingTokenMetaData
48	InvalidTokenMetaData
49	MissingApprovedAccountHash
50	InvalidApprovedAccountHash
51	MissingApprovedTokensDictionary
52	TokenAlreadyApproved
53	MissingApproveAll
54	InvalidApproveAll
55	MissingOperator
56	InvalidOperator
57	Phantom
58	ContractAlreadyInitialized
59	MintingIsPaused
60	FailureToParseAccountHash
61	VacantValueInDictionary
62	MissingOwnershipMode
63	InvalidOwnershipMode
64	InvalidTokenMinter
65	MissingOwnedTokens
66	InvalidAccountKeyInDictionary
67	MissingJsonSchema
68	InvalidJsonSchema
69	InvalidKey
70	InvalidOwnedTokens
71	MissingTokenURI
72	InvalidTokenURI
73	MissingNftKind
74	InvalidNftKind
75	MissingHolderMode
76	InvalidHolderMode
77	MissingWhitelistMode
78	InvalidWhitelistMode
79	MissingContractWhiteList
80	InvalidContractWhitelist
81	UnlistedContractHash
82	InvalidContract
83	EmptyContractWhitelist
84	MissingReceiptName
85	InvalidReceiptName
86	InvalidJsonMetadata
87	InvalidJsonFormat
88	FailedToParseCep78Metadata
89	FailedToParse721Metadata
90	FailedToParseCustomMetadata
91	InvalidCEP78Metadata
92	FailedToJsonifyCEP78Metadata
93	InvalidNFT721Metadata
94	FailedToJsonifyNFT721Metadata
95	InvalidCustomMetadata
96	MissingNFTMetadataKind
97	InvalidNFTMetadataKind
98	MissingIdentifierMode
99	InvalidIdentifierMode
100	FailedToParseTokenId
101	MissingMetadataMutability
102	InvalidMetadataMutability
103	FailedToJsonifyCustomMetadata
104	ForbiddenMetadataUpdate
105	MissingBurnMode
106	InvalidBurnMode
107	MissingHashByIndex
108	InvalidHashByIndex
109	MissingIndexByHash
110	InvalidIndexByHash
111	MissingPageTableURef
112	InvalidPageTableURef
113	MissingPageLimit
114	InvalidPageLimit
115	InvalidPageNumber
116	InvalidPageIndex
117	MissingUnmatchedHashCount
118	InvalidUnmatchedHashCount
119	MissingPackageHashForUpgrade
120	MissingPageUref
121	InvalidPageUref
122	CannotUpgradeWithZeroSupply
123	CannotInstallWithZeroSupply
124	MissingMigrationFlag
125	InvalidMigrationFlag
126	ContractAlreadyMigrated
127	UnregisteredOwnerInMint
128	UnregisteredOwnerInTransfer
129	MissingReportingMode
130	InvalidReportingMode
131	MissingPage
132	UnregisteredOwnerFromMigration
133	ExceededMaxTotalSupply
134	MissingCep78PackageHash
135	InvalidCep78InvalidHash
136	InvalidPackageHashName
137	InvalidAccessKeyName
138	InvalidCheckForUpgrade
139	InvalidNamedKeyConvention
140	OwnerReverseLookupModeNotTransferable
141	InvalidAdditionalRequiredMetadata
142	InvalidOptionalMetadata
143	MissingOptionalNFTMetadataKind
144	InvalidOptionalNFTMetadataKind
145	MissingAdditionalNFTMetadataKind
146	InvalidAdditionalNFTMetadataKind
147	InvalidRequirement
148	MissingEventsMode
149	InvalidEventsMode
150	CannotUpgradeToMoreSupply
151	MissingOperatorDict
152	MissingApprovedDict
153	MissingSpenderAccountHash
154	InvalidSpenderAccountHash
155	MissingOwnerTokenIdentifierKey
156	InvalidTransferFilterContract
157	MissingTransferFilterContract
158	TransferFilterContractNeedsTransferableMode
159	TransferFilterContractDenied
160	MissingACLWhiteList
161	InvalidACLWhitelist
162	EmptyACLWhitelist
163	InvalidACLPackageMode
164	MissingACLPackageMode
165	InvalidPackageOperatorMode
166	MissingPackageOperatorMode
167	InvalidOperatorBurnMode
168	MissingOperatorBurnMode
169	InvalidIdentifier
170	DuplicateIdentifier