blog post for 2024 results

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+---
+title: "2024 Global Ocean Health Index"
+name: "New 2024 Ocean Health Index Scores"
+bg_image: "/images/banners/lake.jpg"
+card_image: "/images/hex_ohi.png"
+preview_text: "This year marks the 13th global Ocean Health Index (OHI, for short) assessment measuring the sustainable delivery of 10 benefits, or goals, that people want and need from the ocean. The ..."
+Date: 2024-12-03
+author: Sophia Lecuona, Anna Ramji, Dustin Duncan, Melanie Frazier, Ben Halpern
+menu:
+  main: 
+    parent: 'News'
+    weight: 2
+---
+
+# 2024 Ocean Health Index Scores!
+
+{{<newsHead>}}
+
+This year marked the largest decline in global Ocean Health Index scores we have observed over 13 years of assessments. 
+
+ > The global Ocean Health Index (OHI, for short) measures how well we are managing the marine resources we depend upon and enjoy. We measure 10 benefits, or goals, that people want and need from the ocean for 220 coastal countries and territories.
+
+This year, the overall global OHI score was 69, which was a 5 point drop from last year’s score of 74. Not surprisingly, the low scores were driven by the collapse of tourism and recreation during the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused the global tourism and recreation score to drop from 92 to 18. Tourism and recreation has since rebounded in most places, but the data we use to calculate these scores lags the Index by two years so, thus far, we are unable to measure the recovery.
+
+###### Figure 1. Tourism and recreation scores. Global tourism and recreation scores dropped from 92 to 18 in 2021 after the start of the COVID pandemic. All countries were impacted.
+![](/images/tourism_recreation_2024.png)
+
+
+### Is the 30x30 movement losing momentum?
+
+The sense of place goal measures how well we are preserving the marine systems that we value as part of our cultural identity. The lasting special places component of this goal measures how well we are protecting the places we value, with the objective of protecting 30% of coastal area based on the 30x30 initiative. The global score for lasting special places increased from 54.0 to 62.4 from 2012 to 2021. However, from 2021 to 2024 the score has remained at 62.0, indicating that global marine protected areas have actually declined a small amount. 
+
+This trend is observed in the British Indian Ocean Territory, which previously received a score of 100, indicating 30% of coastal areas were protected, but the 2024 score was 0 after the Chagos Marine Protected Area in Mauritius was removed. The decline for this region may be short-lived because efforts to create a new MPA under Mauritius governance are underway. Other regions that may have removed protected areas include: Malaysia, Gibraltar, Sint Maarten, Tuvalu, Bahamas, Azores, Sint Eustasius, Oecussi Andeno, New Caledonia, Mozambique, Curacao, Haiti, and Monaco.
+
+Although the 30x30 initiative may be losing momentum, new protected areas are being established in Oman, Sweden, Ascension, and Ireland, and 73 regions have scores of 100.
+
+### Is interest in mariculture slowing down?
+Farmed seafood will be an important source of food in the future given the inability of fisheries to meet increasing demand for seafood as well as the relatively low ecological pressures associated with mariculture. Although mariculture scores are always low, we have seen evidence of growing interest in sustainable aquaculture. Several countries, including Germany, Ecuador, and Portugal, have dramatically increased their mariculture scores over time, and global mariculture scores increased by about 3% each year from 2021 to 2023. However, this trend seems to be slipping given this year’s increase of only 1%, and declining mariculture scores in several countries, including Japan, Thailand, Sweden and Italy. This may reflect the challenges of establishing marine aquaculture systems during the pandemic or it may reflect limits to our interest and ability to establish and maintain aquaculture farms. It will be interesting to watch this trend in the future to see what is driving this change.     
+
+### Marine habitats and animals continue to face challenges
+The past 13 years of assessments have documented consistent declines in the scores for the habitat, biodiversity, and iconic species subgoals. These goals monitor the condition of habitats and species, and decreasing scores indicate that marine habitats and animals are facing continuing threats to their well-being and existence. Of particular concern is the decline in scores for iconic species, which measures the condition of animals we value for spiritual and cultural reasons. We have observed an average global decline of a half a point per year, and scores have declined for 187 of the 220 regions we measure. This pattern is widespread, but the regions of most concern are located in the Southern Pacific Islands. 
+
+### Other patterns
+As we have observed in other years, the regions with the overall highest scores tend to be uninhabited, or sparsely populated, islands, although several larger countries have fairly high scores, including United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Russia, New Zealand, and Portugal (Figure 2). Regions with the low scores include Southern Africa and Southeast Asia.
+
+###### Figure 2. 2024 Ocean Health Index scores for 220 regions.
+![](/images/flower_GlobalAverage2024v2.png)
+
+We may be witnessing declines in the fisheries scores for countries along the Baltic Sea, e.g., Poland and Lithuania, but we cannot say for certain without better data. The data used to calculate this subgoal [catch data](https://www.seaaroundus.org/) have not been updated since 2019.This data gap also affects our confidence in the natural product scores, which uses the same data to estimate the sustainability of fish oil and fish meal products. 
+
+The pathogen component of the clean waters goal has continued to improve, with regions in South America, as well as the Marshall Islands, Kiribati, Nauru and Maldives having improved access to sanitation systems.
+
+###Learn more
+You can [learn more](https://oceanhealthindex.org/) about the OHI Index and [explore all the goal scores](https://oceanhealthindex.org/global-scores/) on our website! 
+
+> As usual, the 2024 assessment includes a new year of data, calculated using the most recent data available from agencies and other sources. Given our commitment to using the best available science, we also updated previous years' scores (2012-2023) using the latest science and data when available. The data and code underlying these results are publicly available ([Data preparation](https://github.com/OHI-Science/ohiprep_v2024) and [Score calculation](https://github.com/OHI-Science/ohi-global)).
+
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   <meta name="description" content="Contact OHI For all inquiries about the OHI, contact
 Ben Halpern at [email protected]"/>
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   <meta name="description" content="What is the Ocean Health Index? The Ocean Health Index (OHI) is a framework for assessing ocean health based on the sustainable provisioning of benefits and services people expect from healthy oceans, such as food, cultural and social value, and jobs.
 The Ocean Health Index was originally developed by an interdisciplinary team of scientists to assess global ocean health. This was a huge success and the global OHI assessment has been repeated every year since 2012!"/>
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   <meta name="description" content="About the OHI Fellows Program The Ocean Health Index Global Fellowship was created to provide training to a small group of early-career data scientists.
 During the process of calculating OHI scores, the fellows dive into the theory, tools, and workflows the OHI uses to ensure openness, transparency, and reproducibility. The Fellows gain valuable experience and build useful skills.
 We benefit from their fresh eyes and new perspectives. Their contributions help the OHI grow and innovate."/>
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 Ben Halpern
 Lead Scientist
 Melanie Frazier"/>
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 Halpern et al. 2017, PLoS ONE*. Drivers and implications of change in global ocean health over the past 5 years.
 Halpern et al. 2015, PLoS ONE*. Patterns and emerging trends in global ocean health. (2013 and updated 2012 global data)
 Halpern et al. 2012, Nature. An index to assess the health and benefits of the global ocean."/>
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   <meta name="description" content="We are grateful for the generous support from the Pacific Life Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, as well as our founding contributors for helping us build the Ocean Health Index from the beginning. Without their generosity of intellectual and financial support the Ocean Health Index would not be a reality.
 The Pacific Life Foundation The Pacific Life Foundation made a commitment in 2011 to become the Founding Presenting Sponsor of the Ocean Health Index."/>
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diff --git a/public/global-scores/data-download/index.html b/public/global-scores/data-download/index.html
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   <meta name="description" content="2024 OHI Assessment The OHI 2024 global assessment includes scores from 2012 to 2024 for 220 coastal countries and territories.
 This marks our 13th year of calculating the global Ocean Health Index. The average 2024 Index score was 69 out of 100. This year the average global OHI scores declined by several points because this year&rsquo;s scores incorporate the massive decline in tourism and recreation due to COVID. Much of tourism has recovered, but these data are not yet available."/>
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   <meta name="description" content="ENSURING ACCESS TO ARTISANAL FISHING FOR LOCAL COMMUNITIES This goal measures whether people who need to fish on a small, local scale have the opportunity to do so.
 CURRENT SCORE The current score indicates that many regions are addressing and meeting the needs that people and communities have to fish artisanally by implementing government policies that permit or encourage them to do so and providing appropriate access to near-shore areas."/>
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   <title>Goal: Artisanal Fishing Opportunities | OHI</title>
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   <meta name="description" content="PRESERVING MARINE HABITATS This goal measures the status of marine habitats that support large numbers of marine species.
 CURRENT SCORE The current score indicates that the eight assessed habitats - kelp forests, mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds, salt marshes, sea ice, subtidal soft-bottom habitats, and tidal flats- have experienced declines (relative to recent historical periods) but are still relatively intact on a global basis.
 This sub-goal score is higher than what is reported by numerous scientific studies and media reports."/>
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   <title>Sub-Goal: Habitat | OHI</title>
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