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## _Independent Peer Reviews of APCA and<br>Third Party Comparisons vs WCAG&nbsp;2_
There are several independent researchers evaluating APCA, and additional third party comparative reviews that include demonstrations of the functional superiority to existing methods. The first few listed below are technical reviews by peers evaluating the APCA math and methods, including journal published peer reviewed papers. Some in comparison to WCAG&nbsp;2 contrast methods and guidelines.

APCA has been developed in the open for open peer review and discussion, and the reviews listed below were performed independently, the majority were completed without consulting the APCA developers.
APCA has been developed in the open for open peer review and discussion, and the reviews listed below were performed independently, the majority were completed without consulting the APCA developers. Reviews listed first are peer or academically oriented, and deal with theory, while reviews listed later are targeted more toward practicioners, designers, and developers.

- _Peer Review in Journal/Book:_ [Applying APCA and Huetone for Color Accessibility](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-35992-7_53) of User Interfaces, by Kirill Ulitin, published by Springer 2023. Part of the Communications in Computer and Information Science book series (CCIS,volume 1833)
- _Peer Review in Journal/Book:_ [Color in Interface _(In Russian)_](http://cat.itmo.ru/sites/default/files/2022-04/CAT_2021_v6-i4_302_3.pdf) Ulitin, K.V. (2021) in Culture and Technologies Studies. Vol. 6, № 4. P. 225-234. DOI: 10.17586/2587-800X-2021-6-4-225-234
- _Book Published Peer Review in:_ [Applying APCA and Huetone for Color Accessibility](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-35992-7_53) of User Interfaces, by Kirill Ulitin, published by Springer 2023. Part of the Communications in Computer and Information Science book series (CCIS,volume 1833)
- _Journal Published Peer Review:_ [Color in Interface _(In Russian)_](http://cat.itmo.ru/sites/default/files/2022-04/CAT_2021_v6-i4_302_3.pdf) Ulitin, K.V. (2021) in Culture and Technologies Studies. Vol. 6, № 4. P. 225-234. DOI: 10.17586/2587-800X-2021-6-4-225-234
- _WCEU 2022 (video)_ [_Conference Presentation on Contrast_](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Da1Jmi7wgCY&t=3976s): by Vicent Sanchis, PhD in optometry and an accessibility specialist. This in depth presentation on contrast was given at WCEU 2022, covering both WCAG&nbsp;2 and APCA, with comparisons.
- The general contrast presentation starts @ [1:06:20 - Click Here](https://youtu.be/Da1Jmi7wgCY?t=3976)
- Then @ [1:21:30 are comparisons](https://youtu.be/Da1Jmi7wgCY?t=4350)
- APCA is [specifically reviewed @ 1:26:40](https://youtu.be/Da1Jmi7wgCY?t=5190)
- [Does the contrast ratio actually predict the legibility of website text?](https://www.cedc.tools/article.html) by Sam Waller PhD, a researcher within the Inclusive Design Group, University of Cambridge, UK & published at the Engineering Design Centre, University of Cambridge, UK. April 2022. Paper is a comparison of WCAG&nbsp;2 math and APCA math, with interactive examples.
- [Color Contrast Is Not As Black And White As It Seems ](https://medium.com/@think_ui/why-color-contrast-is-not-as-black-and-white-as-it-seems-94197a72b005) by Roger Attrill, UX Specialist for Linguamatics, Dec. 2021. A technical analysis of some of the problems with WCAG&nbsp;2 contrast math, and comparing and analyzing APCA math methods.
- [It’s Time For A More Sophisticated Color Contrast Check ](https://blog.datawrapper.de/color-contrast-check-data-vis-wcag-apca/) by dataviz expert and author Lisa Charlotte Muth, Jan 2022. A review of APCA and comparison to WCAG&nbsp;2 contrast, for the use case of dataviz.
- [Don't rely on WCAG&nbsp;2's contrast calculation, try APCA](https://zhuanlan-zhihu-com.translate.goog/p/555769196?_x_tr_sl=zh-CN&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc) Comparative peer-review of APCA by Gu Wei of the Yunjiang Design and Research Factory in China. This is a Google translate link (Original is Mandarin), you may need to clear a dialog that pops up. Many comparisons and real-world examples.
- [The Hubris of Contrast Ratio](https://community.canvaslms.com/t5/The-Product-Blog/The-Hubris-of-Contrast-Ratio/ba-p/536389) by DLyons, in Canvas LMS, Aug. 2022 — a further discussion of APCA, citing Dan Hollick's review, by Silicon Valley based research scientist/author Richard Lyons.
- [Start optimising UI designs for readability instead of old-school WCAG 2 contrast](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/start-optimising-ui-designs-readability-instead-wcag2-andy-pillip) by Andy Pillip, February 18, 2023. Discussion of APCA tools for designers, and practical considerations for integrating APCA into workflows.
- [3 Reasons Why the WCAG&nbsp;2.1 Color Contrast Guidelines Don't Work](https://blog.devkrishna.in/3-reasons-why-the-wcag-21-color-contrast-guidelines-dont-work) by Shimanta Krishna Bhuyan, Nov. 2022. Well written, in-depth comparative analysis.
- [It’s Time For A More Sophisticated Color Contrast Check ](https://blog.datawrapper.de/color-contrast-check-data-vis-wcag-apca/) by dataviz expert and author Lisa Charlotte Muth, Jan 2022. A review of APCA and comparison to WCAG&nbsp;2 contrast, for the use case of dataviz.
- [Color Contrast Is Not As Black And White As It Seems ](https://medium.com/@think_ui/why-color-contrast-is-not-as-black-and-white-as-it-seems-94197a72b005) by Roger Attrill, UX Specialist for Linguamatics, Dec. 2021. A technical analysis of some of the problems with WCAG&nbsp;2 contrast math, and comparing and analyzing APCA math methods.
- [Don't rely on WCAG&nbsp;2's contrast calculation, try APCA](https://zhuanlan-zhihu-com.translate.goog/p/555769196?_x_tr_sl=zh-CN&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc) Comparative peer-review of APCA by Gu Wei of the Yunjiang Design and Research Factory in China. This is a Google translate link, you may need to clear a dialog that pops up. Many comparisons and real-world examples.
- [Good color contrast: make sure you see everything well](https://technobility-nl.translate.goog/blog/goed-kleurcontrast-zorg-dat-je-alles-goed-ziet/?_x_tr_sl=nl&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc) by Bart Pluijms, a quick comparative review. This is a Google translate link, you may need to clear a dialog that pops up. Includes a number of visual real-world examples.
- [Good color contrast: make sure you see everything well](https://technobility-nl.translate.goog/blog/goed-kleurcontrast-zorg-dat-je-alles-goed-ziet/?_x_tr_sl=nl&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc) by Bart Pluijms, a quick comparative review. This is a Google translate link (Original is Dutch), you may need to clear a dialog that pops up. Includes a number of visual real-world examples.
- [9 Decisions were made when developing a unified Dark Mode](https://medium.com/idealo-tech-blog/9-decisions-made-when-developing-a-unified-dark-mode-4a6fbfb96b28) by Simon Schmidt, UI Designer/author, Published in Idealo Tech Blog, March 2023. An in-depth discussion of a real-world development process for a design system, integrating APCA.
- [APCA: the new algorithm for accessible colour contrast](https://ruitina.com/apca-accessible-colour-contrast/) by Juan Ruitiña, May 2022. A brief comparative review comparing WCAG2 contrast to APCA.
- [Stop using WCAG&nbsp;2 for color contrast.](https://medium.com/@nomisum_19753/stop-using-wcag-2-for-color-contrast-3484fdf3688) by Simon Schmidt, UI Designer/author, Medium, Jan 2023.
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