Neolink

Neolink is a small program that acts as a proxy between Reolink IP cameras and normal RTSP clients. Certain cameras, such as the Reolink B800, do not implement ONVIF or RTSP, but instead use a proprietary "Baichuan" protocol only compatible with their apps and NVRs (any camera that uses "port 9000" will likely be using this protocol). Neolink allows you to use NVR software such as Shinobi or Blue Iris to receive video from these cameras instead. The Reolink NVR is not required, and the cameras are unmodified. Your NVR software connects to Neolink, which forwards the video stream from the camera.

The Neolink project is not affiliated with Reolink in any way; everything it does has been reverse engineered.

Supported cameras

Neolink intends to support all Reolink cameras that do not provide native RTSP. Currently it has been tested on the following cameras:

• B800/D800
• B400/D400
• E1
• Lumus

Neolink does not support other cameras such as the RLC-420, since they already provide native RTSP.

Installation

In the future Neolink will be much easier to install. For now, follow these steps. Builds are provided for the following platforms:

• Windows x86_64 (download)
• macOS x86_64 (download)
• Ubuntu x86_64 (download)
• Debian x86 (download)
• Debian aarch64 (Raspberry Pi 64-bit) (download)
• Debian armhf (Raspberry Pi 32-bit) (download)
• Arch Linux (AUR)
• Docker x86 (see below)

Windows/Linux

1. Install Gstreamer from the most recent MSI installer on Windows, or your package manager on Linux.

   On Ubuntu/Debian machines gstreamer can be installed with:

   sudo apt install \
     libgstrtspserver-1.0-0 \
     libgstreamer1.0-0 \
     libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 \
     gstreamer1.0-plugins-good \
     gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad

2. If you are using Windows, add the following to your PATH environment variable:

   %GSTREAMER_1_0_ROOT_X86_64%\bin
   

   Note: If you use Chocolatey to install Gstreamer, it does this automatically.

3. Download and unpack Neolink from the links above.

   1. Note: you can also click on this link to see all historical builds. You will need to be logged in to GitHub to download directly from the builds page (wget doesn't work)

   Raspberry Pi OS x64 example:

   unzip release-arm64-buster.zip
   sudo cp neolink /usr/local/bin/ 
   sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/neolink

4. Write a configuration file for your cameras. See the section below.

5. Launch Neolink from a shell, passing your configuration file:

   neolink --config my_config.toml

6. Connect your NVR software to Neolink's RTSP server.

   The default URL is rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/your_camera_name if you're running it on the same computer. If you run it on a different server, you may need to open firewall ports. See the "Viewing" section below for more troubleshooting.

Docker

A Docker image is also available containing Neolink and all its dependencies. The image is thirtythreeforty/neolink. Port 8554 is exposed, which is the default listen port. You must mount a configuration file (see below) into the container at /etc/neolink.toml.

Here is a sample launch commmand:

docker run \
  -p 8554:8554 \
  --restart=on-failure \
  --volume=$PWD/config.toml:/etc/neolink.toml \
  thirtythreeforty/neolink

The Docker image is "best effort" and intended for advanced users; questions about running Docker are outside the scope of Neolink.

Configuration

Note: for a more comprehensive setup tutorial, refer to the Blue Iris setup walkthrough in docs/ (which is probably also helpful even with other NVR software).

Copy and modify the sample_config.toml to specify the address, username, and password for each camera (if there is no password, you can omit that line).

Each [[cameras]] block creates a new camera; the name determines the RTSP path you should connect your client to. Currently Neolink cannot auto-detect cameras like the official clients do; you must specify their IP addresses directly.

By default the H265 video format is used. Some cameras, for example E1, provide H264 streams. To use these you must specify format = "h264" in the [[cameras]] config. Soon this will be auto-detected, and you will not have to know or care about the format.

By default, the HD stream is available at the RTSP path /name or /name/mainStream, and the SD stream is available at /name/subStream. You can use only the HD stream by adding stream = "mainStream" to the [[cameras]] config, or only the SD stream with stream = "subStream".

Note: The B400/D400 models only support a single stream at a time, so you must add this line to sections for those cameras.

By default Neolink serves on all IP addresses on port 8554. You can modify this by changing the bind and the bind_port parameter. You only need one bind/bind_port setting at the top of the config file.

You can enable rtsps (TLS) by adding a certificate = "/path/to/pem" to the top section of the config file. This PEM should contain by the certificate and the key used for the server. If TLS is enabled all connections must use rtsps. You can also control client side TLS with the config option tls_client_auth = "none|request|require"; in this case the client should present a certificate signed by the server's CA.

TLS is disabled by default.

You can password-protect the Neolink server by adding [[users]] sections to the configuration file:

[[users]]
name: someone
pass: somepass

you also need to add the allowed users into each camera by adding the following to [[cameras]].

permitted_users = ["someone", "someoneelse"]

Anywhere a username is accepted it can take any username or one of the following special values.

• anyone means any user with a valid user/pass
• anonymous means no user/pass required

The default permitted_users list is:

• [ "anonymous"] if no [[users]] were given in the config meaning no authentication required to connect.

• [ "anyone" ] if [[users]] were provided meaning any authourised users can connect.

You can change the Neolink log level by setting the RUST_LOG environment variable (not in the configuration file) to one of error, warn, info, debug, or trace:

set RUST_LOG=debug

On Linux:

export RUST_LOG=debug

Viewing

Connect your RTSP client to the stream with the name you provided in the configuration file.

Again, the default URL is rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/your_camera_name if you're running it on the same computer as the client. The smaller SD video is rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/your_camera_name/subStream.

4K cameras send large video "key frames" once every few seconds and the client must have a receive buffer large enough to store the entire frame. If your client's buffer size is configurable (like Blue Iris), ensure it's set to 20MB, which should ensure plenty of headroom.

Stability

Neolink has had minimal testing, but it seems to be very reliable in multiple users' testing.

The formats of all configuration files and APIs is subject to change as required while it is pre-1.0.

Development

Neolink is written in Rust, and binds to Gstreamer to provide RTSP server functionality.

To compile, ensure you have the Rust compiler, Gstreamer, and gst-rtsp-server installed.

Then simply run:

cargo build

from this top directory.

Baichuan Protocol

The "port 9000" protocol used by Reolink and some Swann cameras is internally referred to as the Baichuan protocol; this is the company based in China that is known internationally as Reolink.

This protocol is a slightly convoluted header-data format, and appears to have been upgraded several times.

The modern variant uses obfuscated XML commands and sends ordinary H.265 or H.264 video streams encapsulated in a custom header.

More details about the on-the-wire protocol will come later.

Baichuan dissector

A Wireshark dissector is available for the BC wire protocol in the dissector directory.

It dissects the BC header and also allows viewing the deobfuscated XML in command messages. To use it, copy or symlink it into your Wireshark plugin directory; typically this is ~/.local/lib/wireshark/plugins/ under Linux.

Currently the dissector does not attempt to decode the Baichuan "extension" messages except binaryData. This will change in the future as reverse engineering needs require.

License

Neolink is free software, released under the GNU Affero General Public License v3.

This means that if you incorporate it into a piece of software available over the network, you must offer that software's source code to your users.