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re-addressing editorial comments.
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leios committed Dec 10, 2018
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affiliations:
- name: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
index: 1
date: 21 September 2018
date: 10 December 2018
bibliography: paper.bib
---

# Summary

Bose--Einstein Condensates (BECs) are superfluid systems consisting of bosonic atoms that have been cooled and condensed into a single, macroscopic ground state [@PethickSmith2008; @FetterRMP2009].
These systems can be created in an experimental laboratory and allow for the the exploration of many interesting physical phenomenon, such as superfluid turbulence [@Roche2008; @White2014; @Navon2016], chaotic dynamics [@Gardiner2002; @Kyriakopoulos2014; @Zhang2017], and analogues of other quantum systems [@DalibardRMP2011].
Numerical simulations of BECs allow for new discoveries that directly mimic what can be seen in experiments and are thus highly valuable for fundamental research.
In practice, the dynamics of BEC systems can often be found by solving the non-linear Schrödinger equation known as the Gross--Pitaevskii Equation (GPE),
These systems can be created in an experimental laboratory and allow for the the exploration of physical phenomenon such as superfluid turbulence [@Roche2008; @White2014; @Navon2016], chaotic dynamics [@Gardiner2002; @Kyriakopoulos2014; @Zhang2017], and analogues of other quantum systems [@DalibardRMP2011].
Numerical simulations of BECs that directly mimic experiments are valuable to fundamental research in these areas and allow for theoretical advances before experimental validation.
The dynamics of BEC systems can be found by solving the non-linear Schrödinger equation known as the Gross--Pitaevskii Equation (GPE),

$$
i\hbar \frac{\partial\Psi(\mathbf{r},t)}{\partial t} = \left( -\frac{\hbar^2}{2m} {\nabla^2} + V(\mathbf{r}) + g|\Psi(\mathbf{r},t)|^2\right)\Psi(\mathbf{r},t),
$$

where $\Psi(\mathbf{r},t)$ is the three-dimensional many-body wavefunction of the quantum system, $\mathbf{r} = (x,y,z)$, $m$ is the atomic mass, $V(\mathbf{r})$ is an external potential, $g = \frac{4\pi\hbar^2a_s}{m}$ is a coupling factor, and $a_s$ is the scattering length of the atomic species.
Here, the GPE is shown in three dimensions, but it can easily be modified to one or two dimensions [@PethickSmith2008].
Though there are many methods to solve the GPE, one of the most straightforward is the split-operator method, which has previously been accelerated with GPU devices [@Ruf2009; @Bauke2011]; however, there are no generalized software packages available using this method on GPU devices that allow for user-configurable simulations and a variety of different system types.
Even so, there are several software packages designed to simulate BECs with other methods and on different architectures, including GPELab [@Antoine2014] the Massively Parallel Trotter-Suzuki Solver [@Wittek2013], and XMDS [@xmds].
One of the most straightforward methods for solving the GPE is the split-operator method, which has previously been accelerated with GPU devices [@Ruf2009; @Bauke2011].
No generalized software packages are vailable using this method on GPU devices that allow for user-configurable simulations and a variety of different system types; however,
several software packages exist to simulate BECs with other methods and on different architectures, including GPELab [@Antoine2014] the Massively Parallel Trotter-Suzuki Solver [@Wittek2013], and XMDS [@xmds].

GPUE is a GPU-based Gross--Pitaevskii Equation solver via the split-operator method for superfluid simulations of both linear and non-linear Schrödinger equations, with an emphasis on superfluid vortex dynamics in 2 and 3 dimensions. GPUE is a fast, robust, and accessible software suite to simulate physics for fundamental research in the area of quantum systems and has been used to manipulate large vortex lattices in two dimensions [@ORiordan2016; @ORiordan2016b] along with ongoing studies on vortex turbulence in two dimensions and vortex structures in three dimensions.
GPUE is a GPU-based Gross--Pitaevskii Equation solver via the split-operator method for superfluid simulations of both linear and non-linear Schrödinger equations, emphasizing superfluid vortex dynamics in two and three dimensions. GPUE is a fast, robust, and accessible software suite to simulate physics for fundamental research in the area of quantum systems and has been used to manipulate large vortex lattices in two dimensions [@ORiordan2016; @ORiordan2016b] along with ongoing studies of vortex dynamics.

For these purposes, GPUE provides a number of unique features:
1. Dynamic field generation for trapping potentials and other variables on the GPU device.
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