A minimalist Python framework for building lightweight and efficient web applications effortlessly.
- HTTP request/response handling
- Dynamic routing with path parameters
- Template rendering (Jinja2)
- Static file serving
- WebSocket support
- Session management
- Middleware pipeline
- HTTPS support
- Custom error handling
pip install webpyBasic project structure:
project/
├── static/ # Static assets
│ ├── css/
│ ├── js/
│ └── images/
├── templates/ # Jinja2 templates
├── middleware/ # Custom middleware
├── routes/ # Route handlers
└── app.py # Main application
from webpy import WebPy
app = WebPy()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(ip='0.0.0.0', port=8080)@app.route('/api/data', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def handle_data(request, response):
"""
Handles GET and POST requests to the `/api/data` endpoint.
Args:
request: The incoming HTTP request object.
response: The HTTP response object to populate.
"""
if request.method == 'GET':
# Access query parameters
page = request.queries.get('page', ['1'])[0]
# Access headers
auth_token = request.headers.get('Authorization')
response.json({
'page': page,
'data': 'example'
})
elif request.method == 'POST':
# Parse JSON body
data = request.json()
response.api(data) # Returns 201 for POST@app.route('/users/<id:int>')
def get_user(request, response, id):
"""
Retrieve a user by their ID.
Args:
request: The incoming HTTP request object.
response: The HTTP response object to populate.
id: The user ID extracted from the URL path.
"""
response.json({'user_id': id})
@app.route('/resources', methods=['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])
def handle_resource(request, response):
"""
Handle CRUD operations for resources.
Args:
request: The incoming HTTP request object.
response: The HTTP response object to populate.
"""
response.api({'method': request.method})# templates/index.html
"""
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>{{ title }}</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome, {{ name }}!</h1>
</body>
</html>
"""
@app.route('/')
def index(request, response):
"""
Render the homepage.
Args:
request: The incoming HTTP request object.
response: The HTTP response object to populate.
"""
html = app.render('index.html',
title='Home',
name='User'
)
response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/html'
response.body = html.encode('utf-8')from webpy import Sessions
sessions = Sessions()
@app.route('/login')
def login(request, response):
"""
Log in a user and start a session.
Args:
request: The incoming HTTP request object.
response: The HTTP response object to populate.
"""
# Set session with 1 hour expiry
sessions.add('session_id', 'user123', expires=3600)
response.api({'message': 'Logged in'})
@app.route('/session-info')
def session_info(request, response):
"""
Retrieve session information.
Args:
request: The incoming HTTP request object.
response: The HTTP response object to populate.
"""
session_id = sessions.get('session_id', 'No active session')
response.json({'session_id': session_id})from webpy import Middleware
middleware = Middleware(app)
@middleware.register
def logging_middleware(request, response):
"""
Logs details of incoming requests.
Args:
request: The incoming HTTP request object.
response: The HTTP response object.
"""
print(f"Request: {request.method} {request.path}")
@middleware.register
def cors_middleware(request, response):
"""
Adds CORS headers to responses.
Args:
request: The incoming HTTP request object.
response: The HTTP response object.
"""
response.headers['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = '*'
@app.route('/api/protected')
@middleware.run()
def protected_route(request, response):
"""
A protected route that applies middleware.
Args:
request: The incoming HTTP request object.
response: The HTTP response object.
"""
response.api({'data': 'protected'})from webpy import Socket
socket = Socket(app)
@socket.on('connect')
def handle_connect(data, conn):
"""
Handle WebSocket connection.
Args:
data: Data sent by the client.
conn: The WebSocket connection object.
"""
print(f"Client connected: {conn}")
@socket.on('message')
def handle_message(data, conn):
"""
Handle incoming WebSocket messages.
Args:
data: Data sent by the client.
conn: The WebSocket connection object.
"""
socket.emit('broadcast', {
'message': data['message']
})
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(port=8080) # HTTP server
socket.run(port=8081) # WebSocket server@app.error(404)
def not_found(request, response):
"""
Handle 404 Not Found errors.
Args:
request: The incoming HTTP request object.
response: The HTTP response object to populate.
"""
response.json({
'error': 'Not Found',
'path': request.path
})
@app.error(500)
def server_error(request, response):
"""
Handle 500 Internal Server Errors.
Args:
request: The incoming HTTP request object.
response: The HTTP response object to populate.
"""
response.json({
'error': 'Internal Server Error'
})if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(
ip='0.0.0.0',
port=443,
certfile='path/to/cert.pem',
keyfile='path/to/key.pem'
)WebPy is published under the MIT License. See LICENSE for details.