PromisedFuture

PromisedFuture is a lightweight implementation of Futures/Promises. PromisedFuture helps to write readable and comprehensible asynchronous code.

Usually the callback mechanism is used when working with asynchronous tasks. It should get the job done for some use cases, but usually we need to perform more that one asynchronous operation, so we have to nest the second operation inside the completion block of the first one, but when we have nested callbacks it starts to get messy, the code is not friendly in term of maintainability, readability and control, and this leads to the Pyramid of doom, Callback hell and error handling issues.

PromisedFuture is here to rescue, the code will go from this:

APIClient.login(email: "[email protected]", password: "myPassword", completion: { result in
    switch result {
    case .success(let user):
        APIClient.userArticles(userID: user.id, completion: { result in
            switch result {
            case .success(let articles):
                APIClient.getArticle(id: articles.last!.id, completion: { result in
                    switch result {
                    case .success(let article):
                        print(article)
                    case .failure(let error):
                        print(error)
                    }
                })
            case .failure(let error):
                print(error)
            }
        })
    case .failure(let error):
        print(error)
    }
})

to this:

APIClient.login(email: "[email protected]", password: "myPassword")
         .map({$0.id})
         .andThen(APIClient.userArticles)
         .map({$0.last!.id})
         .andThen(APIClient.getArticle)
         .execute(onSuccess: { article in
            print(article)
         }, onFailure: {error in
            print(error)
         })

Features

• Chainable asynchronous operations.
• Lightweight and simple to use (just ≈ 40 lines of code).
• Fully unit tested.
• Fully Documented.

Requirements

• iOS 10.0+ / macOS 10.12+ / tvOS 10.0+ / watchOS 3.0+
• Xcode 9.0+
• Swift 4.0+

Example

To run the example project, clone the repo, then open the workspace PromisedFuture.xcworkspace run using iOS Example scheme.

Installation

CocoaPods

CocoaPods is a dependency manager for Cocoa projects. You can install it with the following command:

$ gem install cocoapods

To integrate PromisedFuture into your Xcode project using CocoaPods, specify it in your Podfile:

use_frameworks!

pod 'PromisedFuture'

Then, run the following command:

$ pod install

Carthage

Carthage is a decentralized dependency manager that builds your dependencies and provides you with binary frameworks.

You can install Carthage with Homebrew using the following command:

$ brew update
$ brew install carthage

To integrate PromisedFuture into your Xcode project using Carthage, specify it in your Cartfile:

github "aladinway/PromisedFuture"

Run carthage update to build the framework and on your application targets’ “General” settings tab, in the “Embedded Binaries” section, drag and drop the built PromisedFuture.framework from the Carthage/Build folder on disk.

Usage

Create a Future:

to create a Future using an operation (network call for example) we use:

init(operation: @escaping (_ completion:@escaping Completion) -> Void)

• Parameters:
  • operation: the operation that should be performed by the Future. This is usually the asynchronous operation.
  • completion: the completion block of the operation. It has the Result of the operation as parameter.
• Example usage:

let future = Future(operation: { completion in
// Your operation here to retrieve the value
Alamofire.request("https://httpbin.org/get")
    .responseData { response in
        switch response.result {
        case .success(let value):
		// Then in case of success you call the completion
		// with the Result passing the value
		completion(.success(data))
        case .failure(let error):
		// or in case of error call the completion
		// with the Result passing the error like :
		//completion(.failure(error))
        }
    }
})

You can also create a Future by Result, Value or Error.

Initialize a new Future with the provided Result:

init(result: Result<Value>)

• Parameters:

  • result: The result of the Future. It can be a Result of success with a value or failure with an Error.

• Example usage:

let future = Future(result: Result.success(12))

Initialize a new Future with the provided value:

init(value: Value)

• Parameters:

  • value: The value of the Future.

• Example usage:

let future = Future(value: "Hello")

Initialize a new Future with the provided Error:

init(value: Value)

• Parameters:

  • value: The value of the Future.

• Example usage:

let f: Future<Int>= Future(error: NSError(domain: "E", code: 4, userInfo: nil))

Execute a Future:

To execute the operation of the Future we can use one these methods:

• func execute(completion: @escaping Completion)

  • Parameters:
    • completion: the completion block of the operation. It has the Result of the operation as parameter.

• Example usage:

   let future = Future(value: 14)
   future.execute(completion: { result in
      switch result {
      case .success(let value):
          print(value) // it will print 14
      case .failure(let error):
          print(error)
      }
   })

• func execute(completion: @escaping Completion)

  • Parameters:
    • onSuccess: the success completion block of the operation. It has the value of the operation as parameter.
    • onFailure: the failure completion block of the operation. It has the error of the operation as parameter.

• Example usage:

   let future = Future(value: 14)
   future.execute(onSuccess: { value in
      print(value) // it will print 14
   }, onFailure: { error in
      print(error)
   })

Chaining multiple Future:

The powerful part of the Future is the ability to chain asynchronous operations. We can use andThen method to chain two depending futures.

• func andThen<U>(_ f: @escaping (_ value: Value) -> Future<U>) -> Future<U>

  • Parameters:
    • f: function that will generate a new Future by passing the value of this Future.

• Example usage:

   struct User {
      id: Int
   }
  
   // Let's assume we need to perform two network operations
   // The first one to get the user id
   // And the second one to get the user information
   // we can use `andThen` to chain them
  
   let userIdFuture = Future(value: 14)
  
   func userFuture(by userId: Int) -> Future<User> {
      return Future(value: User(id: userId))
   }
  
   userIdFuture.andThen(userFuture).execute { user in
      print(user)
   }

  We can also map the result of the Future using map function:

  • func map<T>(_ f: @escaping (_ value: Value) -> T) -> Future<T>

• Parameters:

  • f: function that will generate a new Future by passing the value of this Future

• Example usage:

   let stringFuture = Future(value: "http://www.google.com")
   let urlFuture = stringFuture.map({URL(string: $0)})

Reading

I highly recommend reading my article below, If you want to learn more about Futures and how we can use PromisedFuture in the networking layer with Alamofire :

Write a Networking Layer in Swift 4 using Alamofire 5 and Codable Part 3: Using Futures/Promises

Author

Alaeddine Messaoudi [email protected]

License

PromisedFuture is available under the MIT license. See the LICENSE file for more info.