Implement rate limiting with Flask-Limiter and add error handling for…

… rate limit exceeded

app.py

@@ -10,12 +10,13 @@
 from flask import Flask, jsonify, redirect
 from flask_cors import CORS
 
-from config import Config
+from config import Config, limiter
 from routes import register_routes
 
 app = Flask(__name__)
 app.config.from_object(Config)
 CORS(app)
+limiter.init_app(app)
 
 
 @app.route("/", methods=["GET"])
@@ -51,5 +52,19 @@ def add_common_headers(response):
     return response
 
 
+@app.errorhandler(429)
+def ratelimit_error(e):
+    return (
+        jsonify(
+            {
+                "error": "Too many requests",
+                "message": "Rate limit exceeded. Please try again later.",
+                "rate_limit": e.description,
+            }
+        ),
+        429,
+    )
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000)

config.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import os
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
-
+from flask_limiter import Limiter
+from flask_limiter.util import get_remote_address
 
 # Load environment variables from .env file
 load_dotenv()
@@ -13,3 +14,9 @@ class Config:
     MYSQL_PASSWORD = os.getenv("DB_PASSWORD", "myrootpassword")
     MYSQL_DB = os.getenv("DB_NAME", "0ce")
     MYSQL_CURSORCLASS = "DictCursor"
+
+
+limiter = Limiter(
+    key_func=get_remote_address,
+    default_limits=["1000 per day", "200 per hour", "30 per minute", "3 per second"],
+)

requirements.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 argon2-cffi>=23.1.0
 flask>=3.0.3
 flask-cors>=5.0.0
+Flask-Limiter>=3.8.0
 pyjwt>=2.10.0
 pymysql>=1.1.1
 pytest>=8.3.3