diff --git a/docs/themes/default/extending.md b/docs/themes/default/extending.md
index c4b45f2504..857d3ae34a 100644
--- a/docs/themes/default/extending.md
+++ b/docs/themes/default/extending.md
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ export default defineUserConfig({
 
 ## Modifying Behavior
 
-Most of the core behaviors of the default theme have been extracted into a composable API, and also provide [aliases](https://v2.vuepress.vuejs.org/zh/reference/plugin-api.html#alias) with the `@theme` prefix.
+Most of the core behaviors of the default theme have been extracted into a composable API or util function, and also provide [aliases](https://v2.vuepress.vuejs.org/zh/reference/plugin-api.html#alias) with the `@theme` prefix.
 
 For example, if you want to add some default values ​​to the theme data of the default theme, you can override the `useThemeData` function of `@theme/useThemeData`.
 
diff --git a/docs/tools/helper/shared.md b/docs/tools/helper/shared.md
index bd0ba49636..310a3f31b1 100644
--- a/docs/tools/helper/shared.md
+++ b/docs/tools/helper/shared.md
@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@ Return `false` if `a` is not a string.
 - `isLinkWithProtocol(x)`: Check if `x` is a valid URL with protocol.
 - `isLinkExternal(x)`: Check if `x` is a valid external URL.
 - `isLinkAbsolute(x)`: Check if `x` is a valid absolute URL.
+- `isLinkRelative(x)`: Check if `x` is not absolute or external URL.
 - `ensureEndingSlash(x)`: Ensure `x` ends with a slash.
 - `ensureLeadingSlash(x)`: Ensure `x` starts with a slash.
 - `removeEndingSlash(x)`: Ensure `x` does not end with a slash.
diff --git a/docs/zh/themes/default/extending.md b/docs/zh/themes/default/extending.md
index 3c409790d8..1228ef1a66 100644
--- a/docs/zh/themes/default/extending.md
+++ b/docs/zh/themes/default/extending.md
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ export default defineUserConfig({
 
 ## 修改行为
 
-默认主题的核心行为大多都被抽离成可组合式 API，并同样提供了 `@theme` 前缀的 [alias](https://v2.vuepress.vuejs.org/zh/reference/plugin-api.html#alias)。
+默认主题的核心行为大多都被抽离成可组合式 API 或工具函数，并同样提供了 `@theme` 前缀的 [alias](https://v2.vuepress.vuejs.org/zh/reference/plugin-api.html#alias)。
 
 比如，如果你想为默认主题的主题数据添加一些默认值，你可以通过覆盖 `@theme/useThemeData` 的 `useThemeData` 函数来实现。
 
diff --git a/docs/zh/tools/helper/shared.md b/docs/zh/tools/helper/shared.md
index 59073fb577..f403a3374e 100644
--- a/docs/zh/tools/helper/shared.md
+++ b/docs/zh/tools/helper/shared.md
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ encodeURIComponent(content) // '%0A%7B%0A%20%20%22type%22%3A%20%22bar%22%2C%0A%2
 - `isLinkWithProtocol(x)`: x 是否是有效的带有协议的 URL。
 - `isLinkExternal(x)`: x 是否是有效的外部 URL。
 - `isLinkAbsolute(x)`: x 是否是有效的绝对 URL。
+- `isLinkRelative(x)`: x 是否不是外部 URL 或绝对 URL。
 - `ensureEndingSlash(x)`: 确保 x 以斜杠结尾。
 - `ensureLeadingSlash(x)`: 确保 x 以斜杠开头。
 - `removeEndingSlash(x)`: 确保 x 不以斜杠结尾。
diff --git a/plugins/features/plugin-icon/src/client/components/VPIcon.ts b/plugins/features/plugin-icon/src/client/components/VPIcon.ts
index 1bbdccd784..79be80a223 100644
--- a/plugins/features/plugin-icon/src/client/components/VPIcon.ts
+++ b/plugins/features/plugin-icon/src/client/components/VPIcon.ts
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ export const VPIcon = defineComponent({
         })
       }
 
-      return h('span', {
+      return h('i', {
         key: icon,
         class: [
           'vp-icon',
diff --git a/plugins/features/plugin-icon/src/client/styles/vp-icon.scss b/plugins/features/plugin-icon/src/client/styles/vp-icon.scss
index 5afe1c75d5..cee2703696 100644
--- a/plugins/features/plugin-icon/src/client/styles/vp-icon.scss
+++ b/plugins/features/plugin-icon/src/client/styles/vp-icon.scss
@@ -3,6 +3,11 @@
   width: 1em;
   height: 1em;
 
+  &:is(i) {
+    font-size: 1em;
+    line-height: 1;
+  }
+
   &:not(iconify-icon, i) {
     vertical-align: -0.125em;
   }
diff --git a/themes/theme-default/src/client/composables/useNavbarConfig.ts b/themes/theme-default/src/client/composables/useNavbarConfig.ts
index c5ce00576c..979e652324 100644
--- a/themes/theme-default/src/client/composables/useNavbarConfig.ts
+++ b/themes/theme-default/src/client/composables/useNavbarConfig.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import { isLinkInternal } from '@theme/isLinkInternal'
 import { resolveAutoLink } from '@theme/resolveAutoLink'
 import { resolvePrefix } from '@theme/resolvePrefix'
 import { useThemeLocaleData } from '@theme/useThemeData'
+import { isLinkRelative } from '@vuepress/helper/client'
 import type { ComputedRef } from 'vue'
 import { computed } from 'vue'
 import { isString } from 'vuepress/shared'
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const resolveNavbarItem = (
 
   return {
     ...item,
-    link: isLinkInternal(item.link)
+    link: isLinkRelative(item.link)
       ? resolveAutoLink(resolvePrefix(prefix, item.link)).link
       : item.link,
   }
diff --git a/themes/theme-default/src/client/composables/useSidebarItems.ts b/themes/theme-default/src/client/composables/useSidebarItems.ts
index 79899f3f86..c0c1ebc39e 100644
--- a/themes/theme-default/src/client/composables/useSidebarItems.ts
+++ b/themes/theme-default/src/client/composables/useSidebarItems.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
-import { isLinkInternal } from '@theme/isLinkInternal'
 import { resolveAutoLink } from '@theme/resolveAutoLink'
 import { resolvePrefix } from '@theme/resolvePrefix'
 import { useThemeLocaleData } from '@theme/useThemeData'
 import type { MenuItem } from '@vuepress/helper/client'
-import { getHeaders, keys, startsWith } from '@vuepress/helper/client'
+import {
+  getHeaders,
+  isLinkRelative,
+  keys,
+  startsWith,
+} from '@vuepress/helper/client'
 import type { ComputedRef, InjectionKey, Ref } from 'vue'
 import { computed, inject, onMounted, provide, ref, watch } from 'vue'
 import type { PageData } from 'vuepress/client'
@@ -110,7 +114,7 @@ export const resolveArraySidebarItems = (
       : isString(item.link)
         ? {
             ...item,
-            link: isLinkInternal(item.link)
+            link: isLinkRelative(item.link)
               ? resolveAutoLink(resolvePrefix(pathPrefix, item.link)).link
               : item.link,
           }
diff --git a/themes/theme-default/src/client/utils/index.ts b/themes/theme-default/src/client/utils/index.ts
index 928bac4865..5069fa58f3 100644
--- a/themes/theme-default/src/client/utils/index.ts
+++ b/themes/theme-default/src/client/utils/index.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 export * from './isActiveSidebarItem.js'
-export * from './isLinkInternal.js'
 export * from './resolveAutoLink.js'
 export * from './resolveEditLink.js'
 export * from './resolvePrefix.js'
diff --git a/themes/theme-default/src/client/utils/isLinkInternal.ts b/themes/theme-default/src/client/utils/isLinkInternal.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index c0cef97b0c..0000000000
--- a/themes/theme-default/src/client/utils/isLinkInternal.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-import { isLinkExternal, isLinkWithProtocol } from 'vuepress/shared'
-
-export const isLinkInternal = (link: string): boolean =>
-  !isLinkExternal(link) && !isLinkWithProtocol(link)
diff --git a/tools/helper/src/shared/link.ts b/tools/helper/src/shared/link.ts
index c0fe9b0022..7db1388d8c 100644
--- a/tools/helper/src/shared/link.ts
+++ b/tools/helper/src/shared/link.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { isLinkExternal, isLinkWithProtocol } from 'vuepress/shared'
 import { startsWith } from './helper.js'
 
 export { isLinkExternal, isLinkHttp, isLinkWithProtocol } from 'vuepress/shared'
@@ -5,4 +6,8 @@ export { isLinkExternal, isLinkHttp, isLinkWithProtocol } from 'vuepress/shared'
 /**
  * Check if a value is a valid absolute url
  */
-export const isLinkAbsolute = (test: unknown): boolean => startsWith(test, '/')
+export const isLinkAbsolute = (test: unknown): boolean =>
+  startsWith(test, '/') && (test as string)[1] !== '/'
+
+export const isLinkRelative = (link: string): boolean =>
+  !isLinkExternal(link) && !isLinkWithProtocol(link)
diff --git a/tools/highlighter-helper/src/client/styles/collapsed-lines.scss b/tools/highlighter-helper/src/client/styles/collapsed-lines.scss
index 1e300c526b..c294f1e724 100644
--- a/tools/highlighter-helper/src/client/styles/collapsed-lines.scss
+++ b/tools/highlighter-helper/src/client/styles/collapsed-lines.scss
@@ -1,16 +1,29 @@
 /* stylelint-disable scss/operator-no-newline-after */
-// collapsed lines
-div[class*='language-'].has-collapsed-lines {
-  &.collapsed {
-    overflow-y: hidden;
-    height: calc(
-      var(--vp-collapsed-lines) * var(--code-line-height) *
-        var(--code-font-size) + var(--code-padding-y) + 28px
-    );
+
+@property --vp-collapsed-lines-bg {
+  inherits: false;
+  initial-value: #fff;
+  syntax: '<color>';
+}
+
+@keyframes code-collapsed-lines {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 0.3;
+    transform: translateY(-2px) rotate(var(--vp-collapsed-lines-rotate));
   }
 
+  100% {
+    opacity: 1;
+    transform: translateY(2px) rotate(var(--vp-collapsed-lines-rotate));
+  }
+}
+
+// collapsed lines
+div[class*='language-'].has-collapsed-lines {
   .collapsed-lines {
     --vp-collapsed-lines-bg: var(--code-c-bg);
+    --vp-collapsed-lines-icon: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='1em' height='1em' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath fill='none' stroke='%23000' stroke-width='2' d='m18 12l-6 6l-6-6m12-6l-6 6l-6-6'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
+    --vp-collapsed-lines-rotate: 0deg;
 
     position: absolute;
     right: 0;
@@ -36,7 +49,27 @@ div[class*='language-'].has-collapsed-lines {
     transition: --vp-collapsed-lines-bg var(--vp-t-color);
 
     &:hover {
-      --vp-collapsed-lines-bg: rgb(0 0 0 / 10%) !important;
+      --vp-collapsed-lines-bg: var(--code-c-highlight-bg);
+    }
+
+    &::before {
+      content: '';
+
+      display: inline-block;
+
+      width: 24px;
+      height: 24px;
+
+      background-color: var(--code-c-text);
+
+      mask-image: var(--vp-collapsed-lines-icon);
+      mask-position: 50%;
+      mask-size: 20px;
+      mask-repeat: no-repeat;
+      pointer-events: none;
+
+      animation: code-collapsed-lines 1.2s infinite alternate-reverse
+        ease-in-out;
     }
   }
 
@@ -49,26 +82,12 @@ div[class*='language-'].has-collapsed-lines {
     }
   }
 
-  .collapsed-lines::before {
-    --icon: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='1em' height='1em' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath fill='none' stroke='%23000' stroke-width='2' d='m18 12l-6 6l-6-6m12-6l-6 6l-6-6'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
-    --vp-collapsed-lines-rotate: 0deg;
-
-    content: '';
-
-    display: inline-block;
-
-    width: 24px;
-    height: 24px;
-
-    background-color: var(--code-c-text);
-
-    mask-image: var(--icon);
-    mask-position: 50%;
-    mask-size: 20px;
-    mask-repeat: no-repeat;
-    pointer-events: none;
-
-    animation: code-collapsed-lines 1.2s infinite alternate-reverse ease-in-out;
+  &.collapsed {
+    overflow-y: hidden;
+    height: calc(
+      var(--vp-collapsed-lines) * var(--code-line-height) *
+        var(--code-font-size) + var(--code-padding-y) + 28px
+    );
   }
 
   &:not(.collapsed) {
@@ -76,30 +95,8 @@ div[class*='language-'].has-collapsed-lines {
       padding-bottom: max(var(--code-padding-y), 28px);
     }
 
-    .collapsed-lines:hover {
-      --vp-collapsed-lines-bg: transparent !important;
-    }
-
-    .collapsed-lines::before {
+    .collapsed-lines {
       --vp-collapsed-lines-rotate: 180deg;
     }
   }
 }
-
-@property --vp-collapsed-lines-bg {
-  inherits: false;
-  initial-value: #fff;
-  syntax: '<color>';
-}
-
-@keyframes code-collapsed-lines {
-  0% {
-    opacity: 0.3;
-    transform: translateY(-2px) rotate(var(--vp-collapsed-lines-rotate));
-  }
-
-  100% {
-    opacity: 1;
-    transform: translateY(2px) rotate(var(--vp-collapsed-lines-rotate));
-  }
-}