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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="ocks-org do-not-copy">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>The Wealth & Health of Nations</title>
<style>
@import url(assets/css/style.css);
#chart {
margin-left: -40px;
height: 506px;
}
text {
font: 10px sans-serif;
}
.dot {
stroke: #000;
}
.axis path, .axis line {
fill: none;
stroke: #000;
shape-rendering: crispEdges;
}
.label {
fill: #777;
}
.year.label {
font: 500 196px "Helvetica Neue";
fill: #ddd;
}
.year.label.active {
fill: #aaa;
}
.overlay {
fill: none;
pointer-events: all;
cursor: ew-resize;
}
</style>
<header>
<aside>March 13, 2012</aside>
<a href="../" rel="author">Mike Bostock</a>
</header>
<h1>The Wealth & Health of Nations</h1>
<p id="chart"></p>
<aside>Mouseover the year to move forward and backwards through time.</aside>
<p class="attribution">Source: <a href="https://github.com/RandomEtc/mind-gapper-js">Tom Carden</a>, <a href="http://gapminder.org">Gapminder</a>.
<p>This is a recreation in <a href="http://d3js.org/">D3</a> of Gapminder’s <a href="http://gapminder.org/world/">Wealth & Health of Nations</a>, made famous by Hans Rosling’s memorable <a href="http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_shows_the_best_stats_you_ve_ever_seen.html">2006 TED talk</a>. It shows the dynamic fluctuation in per-capita income (<i>x</i>), life expectancy (<i>y</i>) and population (radius) of 180 nations over the last 209 years. Nations are colored by geographic region; mouseover to read their names.
<p>As <a href="http://randometc.github.com/mind-gapper-js/">Tom Carden</a> noted, there’s a surprising amount of work that goes into making something look simple. For one, data collected in recent years is consistent, while data prior to 1950 is sparse; although potentially misleading, these visualizations use <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerp_(computing)">linear interpolation</a> for missing data points. The lookup for the two interpolation values at each frame is accelerated using <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_algorithm">bisection</a> of sorted arrays per dimension.
<p>Interested to see how this chart was implemented? <a href="view-source:https://bost.ocks.org/mike/nations/">View source!</a> Want a fun project? Try adding a <a href="https://github.com/mbostock/d3/wiki/Voronoi-Geom">Voronoi overlay</a> (as in this <a href="http://mbostock.github.com/d3/talk/20111116/airports.html">airport diagram</a>) to improve mouseover interaction on small targets. Or try a static version, using trails instead of motion.
<footer>
<aside>March 13, 2012</aside>
<a href="../" rel="author">Mike Bostock</a>
</footer>
<script src="assets/js/d3.v3.min.js" charset="utf-8"></script></script>
<script>
// Various accessors that specify the four dimensions of data to visualize.
function x(d) { return d.income; }
function y(d) { return d.lifeExpectancy; }
function radius(d) { return d.population; }
function color(d) { return d.region; }
function key(d) { return d.name; }
// Chart dimensions.
var margin = {top: 19.5, right: 19.5, bottom: 19.5, left: 39.5},
width = 960 - margin.right,
height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
// Various scales. These domains make assumptions of data, naturally.
var xScale = d3.scale.log().domain([300, 1e5]).range([0, width]),
yScale = d3.scale.linear().domain([10, 85]).range([height, 0]),
radiusScale = d3.scale.sqrt().domain([0, 5e8]).range([0, 40]),
colorScale = d3.scale.category10();
// The x & y axes.
var xAxis = d3.svg.axis().orient("bottom").scale(xScale).ticks(12, d3.format(",d")),
yAxis = d3.svg.axis().scale(yScale).orient("left");
// Create the SVG container and set the origin.
var svg = d3.select("#chart").append("svg")
.attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
.attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
.append("g")
.attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");
// Add the x-axis.
svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "x axis")
.attr("transform", "translate(0," + height + ")")
.call(xAxis);
// Add the y-axis.
svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "y axis")
.call(yAxis);
// Add an x-axis label.
svg.append("text")
.attr("class", "x label")
.attr("text-anchor", "end")
.attr("x", width)
.attr("y", height - 6)
.text("income per capita, inflation-adjusted (dollars)");
// Add a y-axis label.
svg.append("text")
.attr("class", "y label")
.attr("text-anchor", "end")
.attr("y", 6)
.attr("dy", ".75em")
.attr("transform", "rotate(-90)")
.text("life expectancy (years)");
// Add the year label; the value is set on transition.
var label = svg.append("text")
.attr("class", "year label")
.attr("text-anchor", "end")
.attr("y", height - 24)
.attr("x", width)
.text(1800);
// Load the data.
d3.json("assets/json/nations.json", function(nations) {
// A bisector since many nation's data is sparsely-defined.
var bisect = d3.bisector(function(d) { return d[0]; });
// Add a dot per nation. Initialize the data at 1800, and set the colors.
var dot = svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "dots")
.selectAll(".dot")
.data(interpolateData(1800))
.enter().append("circle")
.attr("class", "dot")
.style("fill", function(d) { return colorScale(color(d)); })
.call(position)
.sort(order);
// Add a title.
dot.append("title")
.text(function(d) { return d.name; });
// Add an overlay for the year label.
var box = label.node().getBBox();
var overlay = svg.append("rect")
.attr("class", "overlay")
.attr("x", box.x)
.attr("y", box.y)
.attr("width", box.width)
.attr("height", box.height)
.on("mouseover", enableInteraction);
// Start a transition that interpolates the data based on year.
svg.transition()
.duration(30000)
.ease("linear")
.tween("year", tweenYear)
.each("end", enableInteraction);
// Positions the dots based on data.
function position(dot) {
dot .attr("cx", function(d) { return xScale(x(d)); })
.attr("cy", function(d) { return yScale(y(d)); })
.attr("r", function(d) { return radiusScale(radius(d)); });
}
// Defines a sort order so that the smallest dots are drawn on top.
function order(a, b) {
return radius(b) - radius(a);
}
// After the transition finishes, you can mouseover to change the year.
function enableInteraction() {
var yearScale = d3.scale.linear()
.domain([1800, 2009])
.range([box.x + 10, box.x + box.width - 10])
.clamp(true);
// Cancel the current transition, if any.
svg.transition().duration(0);
overlay
.on("mouseover", mouseover)
.on("mouseout", mouseout)
.on("mousemove", mousemove)
.on("touchmove", mousemove);
function mouseover() {
label.classed("active", true);
}
function mouseout() {
label.classed("active", false);
}
function mousemove() {
displayYear(yearScale.invert(d3.mouse(this)[0]));
}
}
// Tweens the entire chart by first tweening the year, and then the data.
// For the interpolated data, the dots and label are redrawn.
function tweenYear() {
var year = d3.interpolateNumber(1800, 2009);
return function(t) { displayYear(year(t)); };
}
// Updates the display to show the specified year.
function displayYear(year) {
dot.data(interpolateData(year), key).call(position).sort(order);
label.text(Math.round(year));
}
// Interpolates the dataset for the given (fractional) year.
function interpolateData(year) {
return nations.map(function(d) {
return {
name: d.name,
region: d.region,
income: interpolateValues(d.income, year),
population: interpolateValues(d.population, year),
lifeExpectancy: interpolateValues(d.lifeExpectancy, year)
};
});
}
// Finds (and possibly interpolates) the value for the specified year.
function interpolateValues(values, year) {
var i = bisect.left(values, year, 0, values.length - 1),
a = values[i];
if (i > 0) {
var b = values[i - 1],
t = (year - a[0]) / (b[0] - a[0]);
return a[1] * (1 - t) + b[1] * t;
}
return a[1];
}
});
</script>
<script>
GoogleAnalyticsObject = "ga", ga = function() { ga.q.push(arguments); }, ga.q = [], ga.l = +new Date;
ga("create", "UA-48272912-3", "ocks.org");
ga("send", "pageview");
</script>
<script async src="assets/js/analytics.js"></script>