diff --git a/packages/@lwc/engine-core/src/framework/reporting.ts b/packages/@lwc/engine-core/src/framework/reporting.ts
index 83099d6a25..bd478073ff 100644
--- a/packages/@lwc/engine-core/src/framework/reporting.ts
+++ b/packages/@lwc/engine-core/src/framework/reporting.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  */
 import { noop } from '@lwc/shared';
 
-import { ShadowMode, ShadowSupportMode } from './vm';
+import { RenderMode, ShadowMode, ShadowSupportMode } from './vm';
 
 export const enum ReportingEventId {
     CrossRootAriaInSyntheticShadow = 'CrossRootAriaInSyntheticShadow',
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ export const enum ReportingEventId {
     ConnectedCallbackWhileDisconnected = 'ConnectedCallbackWhileDisconnected',
     ShadowModeUsage = 'ShadowModeUsage',
     ShadowSupportModeUsage = 'ShadowSupportModeUsage',
+    RenderModeMismatch = 'RenderModeMismatch',
 }
 
 export interface BasePayload {
@@ -49,6 +50,10 @@ export interface StylesheetMutationPayload extends BasePayload {
 // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-empty-object-type
 export interface ConnectedCallbackWhileDisconnectedPayload extends BasePayload {}
 
+export interface RenderModeMismatchPayload extends BasePayload {
+    mode: RenderMode;
+}
+
 export interface ShadowModeUsagePayload extends BasePayload {
     mode: ShadowMode;
 }
@@ -68,6 +73,7 @@ export type ReportingPayloadMapping = {
     [ReportingEventId.ConnectedCallbackWhileDisconnected]: ConnectedCallbackWhileDisconnectedPayload;
     [ReportingEventId.ShadowModeUsage]: ShadowModeUsagePayload;
     [ReportingEventId.ShadowSupportModeUsage]: ShadowSupportModeUsagePayload;
+    [ReportingEventId.RenderModeMismatch]: RenderModeMismatchPayload;
 };
 
 export type ReportingDispatcher<T extends ReportingEventId = ReportingEventId> = (
diff --git a/packages/@lwc/engine-core/src/framework/template.ts b/packages/@lwc/engine-core/src/framework/template.ts
index 31206ba9ff..cc2350a35c 100644
--- a/packages/@lwc/engine-core/src/framework/template.ts
+++ b/packages/@lwc/engine-core/src/framework/template.ts
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ import { MutableVNodes, VNodes, VStaticPart, VStaticPartElement, VStaticPartText
 import { RendererAPI } from './renderer';
 import { getMapFromClassName } from './modules/computed-class-attr';
 import { FragmentCacheKey, getFromFragmentCache, setInFragmentCache } from './fragment-cache';
+import { isReportingEnabled, report, ReportingEventId } from './reporting';
 
 export interface Template {
     (api: RenderAPI, cmp: object, slotSet: SlotSet, cache: TemplateCache): VNodes;
@@ -99,26 +100,31 @@ function validateSlots(vm: VM) {
     }
 }
 
-function validateLightDomTemplate(template: Template, vm: VM) {
-    assertNotProd(); // should never leak to prod mode
+function checkHasMatchingRenderMode(template: Template, vm: VM) {
+    // don't validate in prod environments where reporting is disabled
+    if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' && !isReportingEnabled()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // don't validate the default empty template - it is not inherently light or shadow
     if (template === defaultEmptyTemplate) {
         return;
     }
-    if (vm.renderMode === RenderMode.Light) {
-        if (template.renderMode !== 'light') {
-            logError(
-                `Light DOM components can't render shadow DOM templates. Add an 'lwc:render-mode="light"' directive to the root template tag of ${getComponentTag(
-                    vm
-                )}.`
-            );
-        }
-    } else {
-        if (!isUndefined(template.renderMode)) {
-            logError(
-                `Shadow DOM components template can't render light DOM templates. Either remove the 'lwc:render-mode' directive from ${getComponentTag(
-                    vm
-                )} or set it to 'lwc:render-mode="shadow"`
-            );
+    // TODO [#4663]: `renderMode` mismatch between template and component causes `console.error` but no error
+    // Note that `undefined` means shadow in this case, because shadow is the default.
+    const vmIsLight = vm.renderMode === RenderMode.Light;
+    const templateIsLight = template.renderMode === 'light';
+    if (vmIsLight !== templateIsLight) {
+        report(ReportingEventId.RenderModeMismatch, {
+            tagName: vm.tagName,
+            mode: vm.renderMode,
+        });
+        if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
+            const tagName = getComponentTag(vm);
+            const message = vmIsLight
+                ? `Light DOM components can't render shadow DOM templates. Add an 'lwc:render-mode="light"' directive to the root template tag of ${tagName}.`
+                : `Shadow DOM components template can't render light DOM templates. Either remove the 'lwc:render-mode' directive from ${tagName} or set it to 'lwc:render-mode="shadow"`;
+
+            logError(message);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -390,9 +396,7 @@ export function evaluateTemplate(vm: VM, html: Template): VNodes {
                         );
                     }
 
-                    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
-                        validateLightDomTemplate(html, vm);
-                    }
+                    checkHasMatchingRenderMode(html, vm);
 
                     // Perf opt: do not reset the shadow root during the first rendering (there is
                     // nothing to reset).
diff --git a/packages/@lwc/integration-karma/test/template/directive-lwc-render-mode/index.spec.js b/packages/@lwc/integration-karma/test/template/directive-lwc-render-mode/index.spec.js
index 4c0995ef09..dd2ccde1f1 100644
--- a/packages/@lwc/integration-karma/test/template/directive-lwc-render-mode/index.spec.js
+++ b/packages/@lwc/integration-karma/test/template/directive-lwc-render-mode/index.spec.js
@@ -1,9 +1,20 @@
 import { createElement } from 'lwc';
-
+import { attachReportingControlDispatcher, detachReportingControlDispatcher } from 'test-utils';
 import Shadow from 'x/shadow';
 import Light from 'x/light';
 
 describe('lwc:render-mode', () => {
+    let dispatcher;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+        dispatcher = jasmine.createSpy();
+        attachReportingControlDispatcher(dispatcher, ['RenderModeMismatch']);
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+        detachReportingControlDispatcher();
+    });
+
     it('should throw error if shadow template is passed to light component', () => {
         expect(() => {
             const root = createElement('x-test', { is: Light });
@@ -11,6 +22,16 @@ describe('lwc:render-mode', () => {
         }).toLogErrorDev(
             /Light DOM components can't render shadow DOM templates. Add an 'lwc:render-mode="light"' directive to the root template tag of <x-test>./
         );
+
+        expect(dispatcher.calls.allArgs()).toEqual([
+            [
+                'RenderModeMismatch',
+                {
+                    tagName: 'x-test',
+                    mode: 0, // RenderMode.Light
+                },
+            ],
+        ]);
     });
     it('should throw error if light template is passed to shadow component', () => {
         expect(() => {
@@ -19,5 +40,15 @@ describe('lwc:render-mode', () => {
         }).toLogErrorDev(
             /Shadow DOM components template can't render light DOM templates. Either remove the 'lwc:render-mode' directive from <x-test> or set it to 'lwc:render-mode="shadow"/
         );
+
+        expect(dispatcher.calls.allArgs()).toEqual([
+            [
+                'RenderModeMismatch',
+                {
+                    tagName: 'x-test',
+                    mode: 1, // RenderMode.Shadow
+                },
+            ],
+        ]);
     });
 });