README.md

Description

This is a simple FastAPI template that follows Flask's blueprint directory structure.

Features

• Uses FastAPI to build the HTTP API endpoints.

• Served via Gunicorn with multiple Uvicorn workers. Uvicorn is a lightning-fast "ASGI" server. It runs asynchronous Python web code in a single process.

• Simple reverse-proxying with Caddy.

• OAuth2 (with hashed password and Bearer with JWT) based authentication.

• CORS (Cross Origin Resource Sharing) enabled.

• Flask inspired divisional directory structure, suitable for small to medium backend development.

• Uses uv for dependency management, enabling shorter build time.

• Dockerized using python:3.13-slim image and optimized for size. Dockerfile for Python 3.12 and 3.11 can also be found in the dockerfiles directory.

Quickstart

Run in containers

• Clone the repo and navigate to the root folder.

• To run the app using Docker, make sure you've got Docker installed on your system. From the project's root directory, run:

  make run-container

Or, run locally

If you want to run the app locally, without using Docker, then:

• Clone the repo and navigate to the root folder.

• Install uv for dependency management.

• Start the app. Run:

  make run-local

  This will set up a virtual environment .venv in the current directory with Python 3.13, install dependencies, and start the Uvicorn server.

Explore the endpoints

• To play around with the APIs, go to the following link on your browser:

  http://localhost:5002/docs

  This will take you to an UI like below:

  

• Press the authorize button on the right and add username and password. The APIs use OAuth2 (with hashed password and Bearer with JWT) based authentication. In this case, the username and password is ubuntu and debian respectively.

  

  Clicking the authorize button will bring up a screen like this:

  

• Then select any of the api_a or api_b APIs and put an integer in the number box and click the authorize button.

  

• Hitting the API should give a json response with random integers.

  

• Also, notice the curl section in the above screen shot. You can directly use the highlighted curl command in your terminal. Make sure you've got jq installed in your system.

  curl -X GET "http://localhost:5002/api_a/22" \
      -H "accept: application/json" \
      -H "Authorization: Bearer $(curl -X POST "http://localhost:5002/token" \
      -H "accept: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
      -d "username=ubuntu&password=debian" | jq -r ".access_token")"

  This should show a response like this:

  {
      "seed": 22,
      "random_first": 5,
      "random_second": 13
  }

Housekeeping

• Run tests with make tests (uses pytest).
• Lint with ruff and check types with [mypy] using make lint.
• Update dependencies with make dep-update.
• Stop containers with make kill-container.

Directory structure

This shows the folder structure of the default template.

fastapi-nano
├── svc                           # primary service folder
│   ├── apis                      # this houses all the API packages
│   │   ├── api_a                 # api_a package
│   │   │   ├── __init__.py       # empty init file to make the api_a folder a package
│   │   │   ├── mainmod.py        # main module of api_a package
│   │   │   └── submod.py         # submodule of api_a package
│   │   └── api_b                 # api_b package
│   │       ├── __init__.py       # empty init file to make the api_b folder a package
│   │       ├── mainmod.py        # main module of api_b package
│   │       └── submod.py         # submodule of api_b package
│   ├── core                      # this is where the configs live
│   │   ├── auth.py               # authentication with OAuth2
│   │   ├── config.py             # sample config file
│   │   └── __init__.py           # empty init file to make the config folder a package
│   ├── __init__.py               # empty init file to make the app folder a package
│   ├── main.py                   # main file where the fastAPI() class is called
│   ├── routes                    # this is where all the routes live
│   │   └── views.py              # file containing the endpoints for api_a and api_b
│   └── tests                     # test package
│       ├── __init__.py           # empty init file to make the tests folder a package
│       ├── test_api.py           # integration testing the API responses
│       └── test_functions.py     # unit testing the underlying functions
├── dockerfiles                   # directory containing all the dockerfiles
├── .env                          # env file containing app variables
├── Caddyfile                     # simple reverse-proxy with caddy
├── docker-compose.yml            # docker-compose file
├── pyproject.toml                # pep-518 compliant config file
└── uv.lock                       # pinned app and dev dependencies

In the above structure, api_a and api_b are the main packages where the code of the APIs live and they are exposed by the endpoints defined in the routes folder. Here, api_a and api_b have identical logic. These are dummy APIs that take an integer as input and return two random integers between zero and the input value. The purpose of including two identical APIs in the template is to demonstrate how you can decouple the logics of multiple APIs and then assemble their endpoints in the routes directory. The following snippets show the logic behind the dummy APIs.

This is a dummy submodule that houses a function called random_gen which generates a dictionary of random integers.

# This a dummy module
# This gets called in the module_main.py file
from __future__ import annotations
import random


def rand_gen(num: int) -> dict[str, int]:
    num = int(num)
    d = {
        "seed": num,
        "random_first": random.randint(0, num),
        "random_second": random.randint(0, num),
    }
    return d

The main_func in the primary module calls the rand_gen function from the submodule.

from __future__ import annotations
from svc.api_a.submod import rand_gen


def main_func(num: int) -> dict[str, int]:
    d = rand_gen(num)
    return d

The endpoint is exposed like this:

# svc/routes/views.py
from __future__ import annotations
#... codes regarding authentication ...

# endpoint for api_a (api_b looks identical)
@router.get("/api_a/{num}", tags=["api_a"])
async def view_a(num: int, auth: Depends =Depends(get_current_user)) -> dict[str, int]:
    return main_func_a(num)

So hitting the API with a random integer will give you a response like the following:

{
  "seed": 22,
  "random_first": 27,
  "random_second": 20
}

Further modifications

• You can put your own API logic following the shape of api_a and api_b packages. You'll have to add additional directories like api_a or api_b if you need to expose more endponts.

• Then expose the API URLs in the routes/views.py file. You may choose to create multiple views files to organize your endpoint URLs.

• This template uses OAuth2 based authentication and it's easy to change that. FastAPI docs has a comprehensive list of the available authentication options and instructions on how to use them.

• During prod deployment, you might need to fiddle with the reverse-proxy rules in the Caddyfile.

Resources

• Flask divisional folder structure
• Deploying APIs built with FastAPI
• Reverse proxying with Caddy

✨ 🍰 ✨