diff --git a/backends/p4tools/common/core/abstract_execution_state.cpp b/backends/p4tools/common/core/abstract_execution_state.cpp
index fac023cb443..aacc2f6dd4d 100644
--- a/backends/p4tools/common/core/abstract_execution_state.cpp
+++ b/backends/p4tools/common/core/abstract_execution_state.cpp
@@ -158,9 +158,6 @@ std::vector<IR::StateVariable> AbstractExecutionState::getFlatFields(
         for (size_t arrayIndex = 0; arrayIndex < typeStack->getSize(); arrayIndex++) {
             const auto *newArr =
                 HSIndexToMember::produceStackIndex(stackElementsType, parent, arrayIndex);
-            BUG_CHECK(stackElementsType->is<IR::Type_StructLike>(),
-                      "Trying to get the flat fields for a non Type_StructLike element : %1%",
-                      stackElementsType);
             auto subFields = getFlatFields(newArr, validVector);
             flatFields.insert(flatFields.end(), subFields.begin(), subFields.end());
         }
diff --git a/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2MetadataXfail.cmake b/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2MetadataXfail.cmake
index 5803decc815..c110c1d2fc0 100644
--- a/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2MetadataXfail.cmake
+++ b/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2MetadataXfail.cmake
@@ -64,6 +64,14 @@ p4tools_add_xfail_reason(
   loop-3-clause-tricky2.p4
 )
 
+p4tools_add_xfail_reason(
+  "testgen-p4c-bmv2-metadata"
+  "Cast failed"
+  # testgen has issues with arrays
+  array1.p4
+  array2.p4
+)
+
 ####################################################################################################
 # 3. WONTFIX
 ####################################################################################################
diff --git a/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2PTFXfail.cmake b/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2PTFXfail.cmake
index ff800411663..5bdcfbae3f9 100644
--- a/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2PTFXfail.cmake
+++ b/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2PTFXfail.cmake
@@ -108,6 +108,14 @@ p4tools_add_xfail_reason(
   loop-3-clause-tricky2.p4
 )
 
+p4tools_add_xfail_reason(
+  "testgen-p4c-bmv2-ptf"
+  "Cast failed"
+  # testgen has issues with arrays
+  array1.p4
+  array2.p4
+)
+
 ####################################################################################################
 # 3. WONTFIX
 # These are failures that can not be solved by changing P4Testgen
diff --git a/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2ProtobufIrXfail.cmake b/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2ProtobufIrXfail.cmake
index 37938f56512..f8316c280fa 100644
--- a/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2ProtobufIrXfail.cmake
+++ b/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2ProtobufIrXfail.cmake
@@ -81,6 +81,14 @@ p4tools_add_xfail_reason(
   loop-3-clause-tricky2.p4
 )
 
+p4tools_add_xfail_reason(
+  "testgen-p4c-bmv2-protobuf-ir"
+  "Cast failed"
+  # testgen has issues with arrays
+  array1.p4
+  array2.p4
+)
+
 ####################################################################################################
 # 3. WONTFIX
 ####################################################################################################
diff --git a/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2STFXfail.cmake b/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2STFXfail.cmake
index dd146980cab..179825dad3d 100644
--- a/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2STFXfail.cmake
+++ b/backends/p4tools/modules/testgen/targets/bmv2/test/BMV2STFXfail.cmake
@@ -108,6 +108,14 @@ p4tools_add_xfail_reason(
   loop-3-clause-tricky2.p4
 )
 
+p4tools_add_xfail_reason(
+  "testgen-p4c-bmv2-stf"
+  "Cast failed"
+  # testgen has issues with arrays
+  array1.p4
+  array2.p4
+)
+
 ####################################################################################################
 # 3. WONTFIX
 # These are failures that can not be solved by changing P4Testgen
diff --git a/frontends/p4/typeChecking/typeCheckExpr.cpp b/frontends/p4/typeChecking/typeCheckExpr.cpp
index 851a5de79bb..3544035e434 100644
--- a/frontends/p4/typeChecking/typeCheckExpr.cpp
+++ b/frontends/p4/typeChecking/typeCheckExpr.cpp
@@ -1706,7 +1706,12 @@ const IR::Node *TypeInferenceBase::postorder(const IR::Member *expression) {
 
     if (auto *stack = type->to<IR::Type_Stack>()) {
         auto parser = findContext<IR::P4Parser>();
-        if (member == IR::Type_Stack::next || member == IR::Type_Stack::last) {
+        auto eltype = stack->elementType;
+        if (auto sc = eltype->to<IR::Type_SpecializedCanonical>()) eltype = sc->baseType;
+        if (!eltype->is<IR::Type_Header>() && !eltype->is<IR::Type_HeaderUnion>()) {
+            typeError("%1%: '%2%' can only be used on header stacks", expression, member);
+            return expression;
+        } else if (member == IR::Type_Stack::next || member == IR::Type_Stack::last) {
             if (parser == nullptr) {
                 typeError("%1%: 'last', and 'next' for stacks can only be used in a parser",
                           expression);
diff --git a/frontends/p4/typeChecking/typeCheckTypes.cpp b/frontends/p4/typeChecking/typeCheckTypes.cpp
index ab9ee9dc50b..10f934ca114 100644
--- a/frontends/p4/typeChecking/typeCheckTypes.cpp
+++ b/frontends/p4/typeChecking/typeCheckTypes.cpp
@@ -382,9 +382,11 @@ const IR::Node *TypeInferenceBase::postorder(const IR::Type_Stack *type) {
     auto etype = canon->to<IR::Type_Stack>()->elementType;
     if (etype == nullptr) return type;
 
+#if 0
     if (!etype->is<IR::Type_Header>() && !etype->is<IR::Type_HeaderUnion>() &&
         !etype->is<IR::Type_SpecializedCanonical>())
         typeError("Header stack %1% used with non-header type %2%", type, etype->toString());
+#endif
     return type;
 }
 
@@ -422,7 +424,14 @@ const IR::Node *TypeInferenceBase::postorder(const IR::StructField *field) {
 const IR::Node *TypeInferenceBase::postorder(const IR::Type_Header *type) {
     auto canon = setTypeType(type);
     auto validator = [this](const IR::Type *t) {
-        while (t->is<IR::Type_Newtype>()) t = getTypeType(t->to<IR::Type_Newtype>()->type);
+        while (1) {
+            if (t->is<IR::Type_Newtype>())
+                t = getTypeType(t->to<IR::Type_Newtype>()->type);
+            else if (auto *st = t->to<IR::Type_Stack>())
+                t = st->elementType;
+            else
+                break;
+        }
         return t->is<IR::Type_Bits>() || t->is<IR::Type_Varbits>() ||
                (t->is<IR::Type_Struct>() && onlyBitsOrBitStructs(t)) || t->is<IR::Type_SerEnum>() ||
                t->is<IR::Type_Boolean>() || t->is<IR::Type_Var>() ||
diff --git a/frontends/parsers/p4/p4parser.ypp b/frontends/parsers/p4/p4parser.ypp
index dd69f9b9d8a..6ce23efad4e 100644
--- a/frontends/parsers/p4/p4parser.ypp
+++ b/frontends/parsers/p4/p4parser.ypp
@@ -91,6 +91,15 @@ inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const OptionalConst& oc) {
 // forbidden in C++. We avoid the problem using a typedef.
 typedef const IR::Type ConstType;
 
+struct NameTypePair {
+    const IR::ID *name;
+    const IR::Type *type;
+};
+
+inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const NameTypePair &nt) {
+    return out << nt.name << ":" << nt.type;
+}
+
 }  // namespace P4
 
 #ifndef YYDEBUG
@@ -251,6 +260,7 @@ using namespace P4;
 
 
 %type<IR::ID*>              name dot_name nonTypeName nonTableKwName annotationName
+%type<NameTypePair>         declarator
 %type<IR::Direction>        direction
 %type<IR::Path*>            prefixedNonTypeName prefixedType
 %type<IR::IndexedVector<IR::Type_Var>*>  typeParameterList
@@ -262,6 +272,7 @@ using namespace P4;
                             nonBraceExpression forCollectionExpr
 %type<ConstType*>           baseType typeOrVoid specializedType headerStackType
                             typeRef tupleType typeArg realTypeArg namedType p4listType
+                            derivedTypeDeclarationAsType
 %type<IR::Type_Name*>       typeName
 %type<IR::Argument*>        argument
 %type<IR::Vector<IR::Argument>*>  argumentList nonEmptyArgList
@@ -745,8 +756,10 @@ nonEmptyParameterList
     ;
 
 parameter
-    : optAnnotations direction typeRef name { $$ = new IR::Parameter(@4, *$4, *$1, $2, $3, nullptr); }
-    | optAnnotations direction typeRef name "=" expression { $$ = new IR::Parameter(@4, *$4, *$1, $2, $3, $6); }
+    : optAnnotations direction typeRef declarator {
+            $$ = new IR::Parameter(@4, *$4.name, *$1, $2, $4.type, nullptr); }
+    | optAnnotations direction typeRef declarator "=" expression {
+            $$ = new IR::Parameter(@4, *$4.name, *$1, $2, $4.type, $6); }
     ;
 
 direction
@@ -1075,8 +1088,7 @@ tupleType
     ;
 
 headerStackType
-    : typeName "[" expression "]"         { $$ = new IR::Type_Stack(@1+@4, $1, $3); }
-    | specializedType "[" expression "]"  { $$ = new IR::Type_Stack(@1+@4, $1, $3); }
+    : typeRef "[" expression "]"         { $$ = new IR::Type_Stack(@1+@4, $1, $3); }
     ;
 
 specializedType
@@ -1169,6 +1181,12 @@ derivedTypeDeclaration
     | enumDeclaration                  { $$ = $1; }
     ;
 
+// workaround for bison's broken type variant handling that needs an explicit conversion
+// to the base class
+derivedTypeDeclarationAsType
+    : derivedTypeDeclaration           { $$ = static_cast<const IR::Type *>($1); }
+    ;
+
 headerTypeDeclaration
     : optAnnotations HEADER name { driver.structure->pushContainerType(*$3, true); } optTypeParameters {
         driver.structure->markAsTemplate(*$3);
@@ -1199,7 +1217,7 @@ structFieldList
     ;
 
 structField
-    : optAnnotations typeRef name ";"  { $$ = new IR::StructField(@3, *$3, *$1, $2); }
+    : optAnnotations typeRef declarator ";"  { $$ = new IR::StructField(@3, *$3.name, *$1, $3.type); }
     ;
 
 enumDeclaration
@@ -1241,12 +1259,15 @@ identifierList
     ;
 
 typedefDeclaration
-    : optAnnotations TYPEDEF typeRef name   { driver.structure->declareType(*$4);
-          $$ = new IR::Type_Typedef(@4, *$4, *$1, $3); }
-    | optAnnotations TYPEDEF derivedTypeDeclaration name   { driver.structure->declareType(*$4);
-                        $$ = new IR::Type_Typedef(@4, *$4, *$1, $3); }
-    | optAnnotations TYPE typeRef name   { driver.structure->declareType(*$4);
-          $$ = new IR::Type_Newtype(@4, *$4, *$1, $3); }
+    : optAnnotations TYPEDEF typeRef declarator {
+            driver.structure->declareType(*$4.name);
+            $$ = new IR::Type_Typedef(@4, *$4.name, *$1, $4.type); }
+    | optAnnotations TYPEDEF derivedTypeDeclarationAsType declarator {
+            driver.structure->declareType(*$4.name);
+            $$ = new IR::Type_Typedef(@4, *$4.name, *$1, $4.type); }
+    | optAnnotations TYPE typeRef declarator {
+            driver.structure->declareType(*$4.name);
+            $$ = new IR::Type_Newtype(@4, *$4.name, *$1, $4.type); }
     ;
 
 /*************************** STATEMENTS *************************/
@@ -1525,18 +1546,24 @@ variableDeclaration
     ;
 
 variableDeclarationWithoutSemicolon
-    : annotations typeRef name optInitializer
-                                     { $$ = new IR::Declaration_Variable(@1+@4, *$3, *$1, $2, $4);
-                                       driver.structure->declareObject(*$3, $2->toString()); }
-    | typeRef name optInitializer
-                                     { $$ = new IR::Declaration_Variable(@1+@3, *$2, $1, $3);
-                                       driver.structure->declareObject(*$2, $1->toString()); }
+    : annotations typeRef declarator optInitializer
+                         { $$ = new IR::Declaration_Variable(@1+@4, *$3.name, *$1, $3.type, $4);
+                           driver.structure->declareObject(*$3.name, $3.type->toString()); }
+    | typeRef declarator optInitializer
+                         { $$ = new IR::Declaration_Variable(@1+@3, *$2.name, $2.type, $3);
+                           driver.structure->declareObject(*$2.name, $2.type->toString()); }
     ;
 
 constantDeclaration
-    : optAnnotations CONST typeRef name "=" initializer ";"
-                                     { $$ = new IR::Declaration_Constant(@4, *$4, *$1, $3, $6);
-                                       driver.structure->declareObject(*$4, $3->toString()); }
+    : optAnnotations CONST typeRef declarator "=" initializer ";"
+                         { $$ = new IR::Declaration_Constant(@4, *$4.name, *$1, $4.type, $6);
+                           driver.structure->declareObject(*$4.name, $4.type->toString()); }
+    ;
+
+declarator
+    : name                { $$.name = $1; $$.type = $<ConstType *>0; }
+    | declarator "[" expression "]"
+                          { $$ = $1; $$.type = new IR::Type_Stack(@2+@4, $1.type, $3); }
     ;
 
 optInitializer
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_errors/stack_e.p4 b/testdata/p4_16_errors/stack_e.p4
index 640126a02d0..e24df9d7503 100644
--- a/testdata/p4_16_errors/stack_e.p4
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_errors/stack_e.p4
@@ -20,11 +20,12 @@ control p()
 {
     apply {
         h[5] stack;
-        s[5] stack1; // non-header illegal in header stack
+        s[5] stack1; // 'normal' array can't use stack operations
 
         // out of range indexes
         h b = stack[1231092310293];
         h c = stack[-2];
         h d = stack[6];
+        s e = stack1.next;
     }
 }
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_errors_outputs/stack_e.p4 b/testdata/p4_16_errors_outputs/stack_e.p4
index 010dfd5dcd1..bf48df51e19 100644
--- a/testdata/p4_16_errors_outputs/stack_e.p4
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_errors_outputs/stack_e.p4
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ control p() {
         h b = stack[1231092310293];
         h c = stack[-2];
         h d = stack[6];
+        s e = stack1.next;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_errors_outputs/stack_e.p4-stderr b/testdata/p4_16_errors_outputs/stack_e.p4-stderr
index 26b3629ed0d..0424602b7b4 100644
--- a/testdata/p4_16_errors_outputs/stack_e.p4-stderr
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_errors_outputs/stack_e.p4-stderr
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-stack_e.p4(23): [--Werror=type-error] error: Header stack struct s[5] used with non-header type struct s
-        s[5] stack1; // non-header illegal in header stack
-        ^^^^
 stack_e.p4(26): [--Werror=overlimit] error: 1231092310293: Value too large for int
         h b = stack[1231092310293];
                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+stack_e.p4(29): [--Werror=type-error] error: stack1.next: 'next' can only be used on header stacks
+        s e = stack1.next;
+              ^^^^^^^^^^^
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples/array1.p4 b/testdata/p4_16_samples/array1.p4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..017aec6cc54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_samples/array1.p4
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#include <core.p4>
+#include <v1model.p4>
+
+header data_t {
+    bit<32>     f1;
+    bit<32>     f2;
+    bit<16>     h1;
+    bit<16>     h2;
+    bit<8>[16]  arr;
+}
+
+struct metadata {}
+
+struct headers {
+    data_t      data;
+}
+
+parser p(packet_in b,
+         out headers hdr,
+         inout metadata meta,
+         inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    state start {
+        b.extract(hdr.data);
+        transition accept;
+    }
+}
+
+control ingress(inout headers hdr,
+                 inout metadata meta,
+                 inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+        hdr.data.arr[0] = hdr.data.f1[0+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[1] = hdr.data.f1[8+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[2] = hdr.data.f1[16+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[3] = hdr.data.f1[24+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[4] = hdr.data.f2[0+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[5] = hdr.data.f2[8+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[6] = hdr.data.f2[16+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[7] = hdr.data.f2[24+:8];
+    }
+}
+
+control egress(inout headers hdr,
+               inout metadata meta,
+               inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {}
+}
+
+control vc(inout headers hdr,
+           inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {}
+}
+
+control uc(inout headers hdr,
+           inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {}
+}
+
+control deparser(packet_out packet,
+                 in headers hdr) {
+    apply {
+        packet.emit(hdr);
+    }
+}
+
+V1Switch<headers, metadata>(p(),
+                            vc(),
+                            ingress(),
+                            egress(),
+                            uc(),
+                            deparser()) main;
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples/array2.p4 b/testdata/p4_16_samples/array2.p4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7d05e5e257b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_samples/array2.p4
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#include <core.p4>
+#include <v1model.p4>
+
+header data_t {
+    bit<32>     f1;
+    bit<32>     f2;
+    bit<16>     h1;
+    bit<16>     h2;
+    bit<8>      arr[16];
+}
+
+struct metadata {}
+
+struct headers {
+    data_t      data;
+}
+
+parser p(packet_in b,
+         out headers hdr,
+         inout metadata meta,
+         inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    state start {
+        b.extract(hdr.data);
+        transition accept;
+    }
+}
+
+control ingress(inout headers hdr,
+                 inout metadata meta,
+                 inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+        hdr.data.arr[0] = hdr.data.f1[0+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[1] = hdr.data.f1[8+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[2] = hdr.data.f1[16+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[3] = hdr.data.f1[24+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[4] = hdr.data.f2[0+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[5] = hdr.data.f2[8+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[6] = hdr.data.f2[16+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[7] = hdr.data.f2[24+:8];
+    }
+}
+
+control egress(inout headers hdr,
+               inout metadata meta,
+               inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {}
+}
+
+control vc(inout headers hdr,
+           inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {}
+}
+
+control uc(inout headers hdr,
+           inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {}
+}
+
+control deparser(packet_out packet,
+                 in headers hdr) {
+    apply {
+        packet.emit(hdr);
+    }
+}
+
+V1Switch<headers, metadata>(p(),
+                            vc(),
+                            ingress(),
+                            egress(),
+                            uc(),
+                            deparser()) main;
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1-first.p4 b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1-first.p4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..04c776aea2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1-first.p4
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#include <core.p4>
+#define V1MODEL_VERSION 20180101
+#include <v1model.p4>
+
+header data_t {
+    bit<32>    f1;
+    bit<32>    f2;
+    bit<16>    h1;
+    bit<16>    h2;
+    bit<8>[16] arr;
+}
+
+struct metadata {
+}
+
+struct headers {
+    data_t data;
+}
+
+parser p(packet_in b, out headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    state start {
+        b.extract<data_t>(hdr.data);
+        transition accept;
+    }
+}
+
+control ingress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+        hdr.data.arr[0] = hdr.data.f1[7:0];
+        hdr.data.arr[1] = hdr.data.f1[15:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[2] = hdr.data.f1[23:16];
+        hdr.data.arr[3] = hdr.data.f1[31:24];
+        hdr.data.arr[4] = hdr.data.f2[7:0];
+        hdr.data.arr[5] = hdr.data.f2[15:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[6] = hdr.data.f2[23:16];
+        hdr.data.arr[7] = hdr.data.f2[31:24];
+    }
+}
+
+control egress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control vc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control uc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control deparser(packet_out packet, in headers hdr) {
+    apply {
+        packet.emit<headers>(hdr);
+    }
+}
+
+V1Switch<headers, metadata>(p(), vc(), ingress(), egress(), uc(), deparser()) main;
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1-frontend.p4 b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1-frontend.p4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..04c776aea2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1-frontend.p4
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#include <core.p4>
+#define V1MODEL_VERSION 20180101
+#include <v1model.p4>
+
+header data_t {
+    bit<32>    f1;
+    bit<32>    f2;
+    bit<16>    h1;
+    bit<16>    h2;
+    bit<8>[16] arr;
+}
+
+struct metadata {
+}
+
+struct headers {
+    data_t data;
+}
+
+parser p(packet_in b, out headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    state start {
+        b.extract<data_t>(hdr.data);
+        transition accept;
+    }
+}
+
+control ingress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+        hdr.data.arr[0] = hdr.data.f1[7:0];
+        hdr.data.arr[1] = hdr.data.f1[15:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[2] = hdr.data.f1[23:16];
+        hdr.data.arr[3] = hdr.data.f1[31:24];
+        hdr.data.arr[4] = hdr.data.f2[7:0];
+        hdr.data.arr[5] = hdr.data.f2[15:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[6] = hdr.data.f2[23:16];
+        hdr.data.arr[7] = hdr.data.f2[31:24];
+    }
+}
+
+control egress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control vc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control uc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control deparser(packet_out packet, in headers hdr) {
+    apply {
+        packet.emit<headers>(hdr);
+    }
+}
+
+V1Switch<headers, metadata>(p(), vc(), ingress(), egress(), uc(), deparser()) main;
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1-midend.p4 b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1-midend.p4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..395f631c152
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1-midend.p4
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#include <core.p4>
+#define V1MODEL_VERSION 20180101
+#include <v1model.p4>
+
+header data_t {
+    bit<32>    f1;
+    bit<32>    f2;
+    bit<16>    h1;
+    bit<16>    h2;
+    bit<8>[16] arr;
+}
+
+struct metadata {
+}
+
+struct headers {
+    data_t data;
+}
+
+parser p(packet_in b, out headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    state start {
+        b.extract<data_t>(hdr.data);
+        transition accept;
+    }
+}
+
+control ingress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    @hidden action array1l32() {
+        hdr.data.arr[0] = hdr.data.f1[7:0];
+        hdr.data.arr[1] = hdr.data.f1[15:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[2] = hdr.data.f1[23:16];
+        hdr.data.arr[3] = hdr.data.f1[31:24];
+        hdr.data.arr[4] = hdr.data.f2[7:0];
+        hdr.data.arr[5] = hdr.data.f2[15:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[6] = hdr.data.f2[23:16];
+        hdr.data.arr[7] = hdr.data.f2[31:24];
+    }
+    @hidden table tbl_array1l32 {
+        actions = {
+            array1l32();
+        }
+        const default_action = array1l32();
+    }
+    apply {
+        tbl_array1l32.apply();
+    }
+}
+
+control egress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control vc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control uc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control deparser(packet_out packet, in headers hdr) {
+    apply {
+        packet.emit<data_t>(hdr.data);
+    }
+}
+
+V1Switch<headers, metadata>(p(), vc(), ingress(), egress(), uc(), deparser()) main;
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1.p4 b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1.p4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e0fe8c3eada
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1.p4
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#include <core.p4>
+#define V1MODEL_VERSION 20180101
+#include <v1model.p4>
+
+header data_t {
+    bit<32>    f1;
+    bit<32>    f2;
+    bit<16>    h1;
+    bit<16>    h2;
+    bit<8>[16] arr;
+}
+
+struct metadata {
+}
+
+struct headers {
+    data_t data;
+}
+
+parser p(packet_in b, out headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    state start {
+        b.extract(hdr.data);
+        transition accept;
+    }
+}
+
+control ingress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+        hdr.data.arr[0] = hdr.data.f1[0+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[1] = hdr.data.f1[8+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[2] = hdr.data.f1[16+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[3] = hdr.data.f1[24+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[4] = hdr.data.f2[0+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[5] = hdr.data.f2[8+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[6] = hdr.data.f2[16+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[7] = hdr.data.f2[24+:8];
+    }
+}
+
+control egress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control vc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control uc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control deparser(packet_out packet, in headers hdr) {
+    apply {
+        packet.emit(hdr);
+    }
+}
+
+V1Switch<headers, metadata>(p(), vc(), ingress(), egress(), uc(), deparser()) main;
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1.p4-stderr b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1.p4-stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1.p4.entries.txtpb b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1.p4.entries.txtpb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5cb9652623a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1.p4.entries.txtpb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# proto-file: p4/v1/p4runtime.proto
+# proto-message: p4.v1.WriteRequest
+
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1.p4.p4info.txtpb b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1.p4.p4info.txtpb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fdf16790b91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array1.p4.p4info.txtpb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# proto-file: p4/config/v1/p4info.proto
+# proto-message: p4.config.v1.P4Info
+
+pkg_info {
+  arch: "v1model"
+}
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2-first.p4 b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2-first.p4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..04c776aea2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2-first.p4
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#include <core.p4>
+#define V1MODEL_VERSION 20180101
+#include <v1model.p4>
+
+header data_t {
+    bit<32>    f1;
+    bit<32>    f2;
+    bit<16>    h1;
+    bit<16>    h2;
+    bit<8>[16] arr;
+}
+
+struct metadata {
+}
+
+struct headers {
+    data_t data;
+}
+
+parser p(packet_in b, out headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    state start {
+        b.extract<data_t>(hdr.data);
+        transition accept;
+    }
+}
+
+control ingress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+        hdr.data.arr[0] = hdr.data.f1[7:0];
+        hdr.data.arr[1] = hdr.data.f1[15:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[2] = hdr.data.f1[23:16];
+        hdr.data.arr[3] = hdr.data.f1[31:24];
+        hdr.data.arr[4] = hdr.data.f2[7:0];
+        hdr.data.arr[5] = hdr.data.f2[15:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[6] = hdr.data.f2[23:16];
+        hdr.data.arr[7] = hdr.data.f2[31:24];
+    }
+}
+
+control egress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control vc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control uc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control deparser(packet_out packet, in headers hdr) {
+    apply {
+        packet.emit<headers>(hdr);
+    }
+}
+
+V1Switch<headers, metadata>(p(), vc(), ingress(), egress(), uc(), deparser()) main;
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2-frontend.p4 b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2-frontend.p4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..04c776aea2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2-frontend.p4
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#include <core.p4>
+#define V1MODEL_VERSION 20180101
+#include <v1model.p4>
+
+header data_t {
+    bit<32>    f1;
+    bit<32>    f2;
+    bit<16>    h1;
+    bit<16>    h2;
+    bit<8>[16] arr;
+}
+
+struct metadata {
+}
+
+struct headers {
+    data_t data;
+}
+
+parser p(packet_in b, out headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    state start {
+        b.extract<data_t>(hdr.data);
+        transition accept;
+    }
+}
+
+control ingress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+        hdr.data.arr[0] = hdr.data.f1[7:0];
+        hdr.data.arr[1] = hdr.data.f1[15:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[2] = hdr.data.f1[23:16];
+        hdr.data.arr[3] = hdr.data.f1[31:24];
+        hdr.data.arr[4] = hdr.data.f2[7:0];
+        hdr.data.arr[5] = hdr.data.f2[15:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[6] = hdr.data.f2[23:16];
+        hdr.data.arr[7] = hdr.data.f2[31:24];
+    }
+}
+
+control egress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control vc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control uc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control deparser(packet_out packet, in headers hdr) {
+    apply {
+        packet.emit<headers>(hdr);
+    }
+}
+
+V1Switch<headers, metadata>(p(), vc(), ingress(), egress(), uc(), deparser()) main;
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2-midend.p4 b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2-midend.p4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..045c490f837
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2-midend.p4
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#include <core.p4>
+#define V1MODEL_VERSION 20180101
+#include <v1model.p4>
+
+header data_t {
+    bit<32>    f1;
+    bit<32>    f2;
+    bit<16>    h1;
+    bit<16>    h2;
+    bit<8>[16] arr;
+}
+
+struct metadata {
+}
+
+struct headers {
+    data_t data;
+}
+
+parser p(packet_in b, out headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    state start {
+        b.extract<data_t>(hdr.data);
+        transition accept;
+    }
+}
+
+control ingress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    @hidden action array2l32() {
+        hdr.data.arr[0] = hdr.data.f1[7:0];
+        hdr.data.arr[1] = hdr.data.f1[15:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[2] = hdr.data.f1[23:16];
+        hdr.data.arr[3] = hdr.data.f1[31:24];
+        hdr.data.arr[4] = hdr.data.f2[7:0];
+        hdr.data.arr[5] = hdr.data.f2[15:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[6] = hdr.data.f2[23:16];
+        hdr.data.arr[7] = hdr.data.f2[31:24];
+    }
+    @hidden table tbl_array2l32 {
+        actions = {
+            array2l32();
+        }
+        const default_action = array2l32();
+    }
+    apply {
+        tbl_array2l32.apply();
+    }
+}
+
+control egress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control vc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control uc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control deparser(packet_out packet, in headers hdr) {
+    apply {
+        packet.emit<data_t>(hdr.data);
+    }
+}
+
+V1Switch<headers, metadata>(p(), vc(), ingress(), egress(), uc(), deparser()) main;
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2.p4 b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2.p4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e0fe8c3eada
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2.p4
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#include <core.p4>
+#define V1MODEL_VERSION 20180101
+#include <v1model.p4>
+
+header data_t {
+    bit<32>    f1;
+    bit<32>    f2;
+    bit<16>    h1;
+    bit<16>    h2;
+    bit<8>[16] arr;
+}
+
+struct metadata {
+}
+
+struct headers {
+    data_t data;
+}
+
+parser p(packet_in b, out headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    state start {
+        b.extract(hdr.data);
+        transition accept;
+    }
+}
+
+control ingress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+        hdr.data.arr[0] = hdr.data.f1[0+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[1] = hdr.data.f1[8+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[2] = hdr.data.f1[16+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[3] = hdr.data.f1[24+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[4] = hdr.data.f2[0+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[5] = hdr.data.f2[8+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[6] = hdr.data.f2[16+:8];
+        hdr.data.arr[7] = hdr.data.f2[24+:8];
+    }
+}
+
+control egress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t stdmeta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control vc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control uc(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
+    apply {
+    }
+}
+
+control deparser(packet_out packet, in headers hdr) {
+    apply {
+        packet.emit(hdr);
+    }
+}
+
+V1Switch<headers, metadata>(p(), vc(), ingress(), egress(), uc(), deparser()) main;
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2.p4-stderr b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2.p4-stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2.p4.entries.txtpb b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2.p4.entries.txtpb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5cb9652623a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2.p4.entries.txtpb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# proto-file: p4/v1/p4runtime.proto
+# proto-message: p4.v1.WriteRequest
+
diff --git a/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2.p4.p4info.txtpb b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2.p4.p4info.txtpb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fdf16790b91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/p4_16_samples_outputs/array2.p4.p4info.txtpb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# proto-file: p4/config/v1/p4info.proto
+# proto-message: p4.config.v1.P4Info
+
+pkg_info {
+  arch: "v1model"
+}