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Prediction Model: Energy Consumption in Zurich

Here you can find the prediction model for Zurich, made by Zurich City Electricity Company (ewz), rewritten by shu for Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Further information at ewz. See daily updated charts here.

Energy Consumption in Zurich

How the model works

The statistically expected electricity consumption generated with machine learning is calculated for the previous seven days and displayed as a daily average in a bandwidth. In addition, the actual measured weather data is used and the upper and lower limits of the statistically expected electricity consumption are calculated with a regression model (Prophet library). The actual electricity consumption is also based on the average measured values of the last seven days (rolling average) so that the two values can be compared with each other. The regression model was trained with the measured consumption and weather data of the city of Zurich from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2021. Thanks to this procedure, deviations due to weekends and public holidays can be taken into account, as these do not fall on the same date every year and energy consumption is lower than during the week. Source

Data sources

Why no weather data?

Although MeteoSwiss is a public authority and its data should actually be public according to Open Government Data, it is not. For legal reasons, we cannot make the weather data publicly available. We have proceeded as follows:

  • Historical data to train the model: Write to MeteoSwiss ([email protected]), specify daily mean temperature for desired measuring station. We used: Value tre200h0, Station REH, Range 2010-01-01 - now. But maybe your desired station is already Open Data.
  • Current values for forecast: Accessing the MeteoSwiss API with live data costs a lot of money. Don't do that. We scrape it directly from their website. Have a look at this script.

Installation

For Mac M1, goto: Installation on Mac M1

python3.8 -m venv env
source env/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt

How to use the scripts

1. PrepareTrainData.ipynb

This script aggregates weather and power data and created a parquet file.

2. TrainFinalModel.ipynb

This script trains the model using the prepared data.

3. How to predict?

Now you are ready to make predictions. Load the model and feed it data. Like this:

from prophet.serialize import model_from_json

with open('./zh-models/totalconsumption_rolling7day.json', 'r') as fin:
    m = model_from_json(fin.read())

forecastTrain = m.predict(df)

You can find a more detailed script here.

Good to know

Columns:

  • NE5 (Netzebene 5) = Bigger Companies
  • NE7 (Netzebene 7) = Households, small Companies (KMU)

More infos here

Installation on Mac M1

Mac Silicon is a pain... again... Scikit-Learn needs a lot of love to get installed. And Prophet does not work on newest Python Version on Mac M1 (error Message: python3.10/site-packages/prophet/stan_model/prophet_model.bin Reason: image not found)... And do not use the newest prophet version (1.1), you need 1.0... So:

Use Python 3.8!

python3.8 -m venv env
source env/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt

If Scikit-learn throws errors:

brew install openblas
export OPENBLAS=$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew --prefix openblas)
export CFLAGS="-falign-functions=8 ${CFLAGS}"
pip install scikit-learn

Source

Sometimes Openblas is not linked correctly. Do:

brew link openblas --force

Other ways...

pip install cython pybind11 pythran numpy
OPENBLAS=$(brew --prefix openblas) CFLAGS="-falign-functions=8 ${CFLAGS}" pip install --no-use-pep517 scipy==1.3.2

or

pip3 install -U --no-use-pep517 scikit-learn