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+Modelica® - A Unified Object-Oriented Language for Systems
+Modeling
+
Language
+Specification
+
Version 3.4
+
+Abstract
+
+
+This document defines the Modelica11 + 1 + + + + Modelica is a registered +trademark of the Modelica Association language, version 3.4, which is +developed by the Modelica Association, a non-profit organization with +seat in Linköping, Sweden. Modelica is a freely available, +object-oriented language for modeling of large, complex, and +heterogeneous systems. It is suited for multi-domain modeling, for +example, mechatronic models in robotics, automotive and aerospace +applications involving mechanical, electrical, hydraulic control and +state machine subsystems, process oriented applications and generation +and distribution of electric power. Models in Modelica are +mathematically described by differential, algebraic and discrete +equations. No particular variable needs to be solved for manually. A +Modelica tool will have enough information to decide that automatically. +Modelica is designed such that available, specialized algorithms can be +utilized to enable efficient handling of large models having more than +one hundred thousand equations. Modelica is suited and used for +hardware-in-the-loop simulations and for embedded control systems. More +information is available at +http://www.Modelica.org/
+ +Copyright © 1998-2017, Modelica Association (https://www.modelica.org)
+All rights reserved. Reproduction or use of editorial or pictorial +content is permitted, i.e., this document can be freely distributed +especially electronically, provided the copyright notice and these +conditions are retained. No patent liability is assumed with respect to +the use of information contained herein. While every precaution has been +taken in the preparation of this document no responsibility for errors +or omissions is assumed.
+The contributors to this and to previous versions of this document are +listed in Appendix E. All contributors worked voluntarily and without +compensation.
+Contents
+-
+
- Preface +
- +1 Introduction + + +
- +2 Lexical Structure + + +
- +3 Operators and Expressions + + +
- +4 Classes, Predefined Types, and Declarations + + +
- +5 Scoping, Name Lookup, and Flattening + + +
- +6 Interface or Type Relationships + + +
- +7 Inheritance, Modification, and Redeclaration + + +
- +8 Equations + + +
- +9 Connectors and Connections + + +
- +10 Arrays + + +
- +11 Statements and Algorithm Sections + + +
- +12 Functions + + +
- +13 Packages + + +
- +14 Overloaded Operators + + +
- +15 Stream Connectors + + +
-
+16 Synchronous Language Elements
+
-
+
- 16.1 Introduction +
- 16.2 Definitions +
- 16.3 Clock Constructors +
- 16.4 Discrete States +
- 16.5 Partitioning Operators +
- 16.6 Clocked When Clause +
- 16.7 Clock Partitioning +
- 16.8 Continuous-Time Equations in Clocked Partitions +
- 16.9 Initialization of Clocked Partitions +
- 16.10 Other Operators +
- 16.11 Semantics +
+ - +17 State Machines + + +
-
+18 Annotations
+
-
+
- 18.1 Vendor-Specific Annotations +
- 18.2 Annotations for Documentation +
- 18.3 Annotations for Code Generation +
- 18.4 Annotations for Simulation Experiments +
- 18.5 Annotation for single use of class +
- 18.6 Annotations for Graphical Objects +
- 18.7 Annotations for the Graphical User Interface +
- 18.8 Annotations for Version Handling +
- 18.9 Annotations for Access Control to Protect Intellectual Property +
- 18.10 Annotations for Functions +
- 18.11 Annotation Choices for Modifications and Redeclarations +
- 18.12 Annotation for External Libraries and Include Files +
+ - +19 Unit Expressions + + +
- 20 The Modelica Standard Library +
- A Glossary +
- +B Modelica Concrete Syntax + + +
- C Modelica DAE Representation +
- +D Derivation of Stream Equations + + +
- +E Modelica Revision History + + +
- F Literature +
+
+2.2 Comments
+ +There are two kinds of comments in Modelica which are not lexical units +in the language and therefore are treated as whitespace by a Modelica +translator. The whitespace characters are space, tabulator, and line +separators (carriage return and line feed); and whitespace cannot occur +inside tokens, e.g., <= must be written as two characters +without space or comments between them. [The comment syntax is +identical to that of C++]. The following comment variants are +available:
+Modelica comments do not nest, i.e., /* */ cannot be embedded within /* +*/. The following is invalid:
+There is also a kind of “documentation comment,” really a +documentation string that is part of the Modelica language and +therefore not ignored by the Modelica translator. Such “comments” may +occur at the ends of declarations, equations, or statements or at the +beginning of class definitions. For example:
+