diff --git a/votes/package.json b/votes/package.json
index a7e5b92..61dc367 100644
--- a/votes/package.json
+++ b/votes/package.json
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "javascript-lp-solver": "0.4.15",
-    "lodash": "^4.17.21"
+    "lodash-es": "^4.17.21"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
     "javascript-lp-solver": ">=0.4.0"
diff --git a/votes/src/classes/method.ts b/votes/src/classes/method.ts
index e0ed4f9..e895d14 100644
--- a/votes/src/classes/method.ts
+++ b/votes/src/classes/method.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import _ from 'lodash'
+import _ from 'lodash-es'
 
 import { scoresToRanking } from '../utils/scores'
 
diff --git a/votes/src/classes/random-matrix-method.ts b/votes/src/classes/random-matrix-method.ts
index f8976cc..e5f62d3 100644
--- a/votes/src/classes/random-matrix-method.ts
+++ b/votes/src/classes/random-matrix-method.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import _ from 'lodash'
+import _ from 'lodash-es'
 
 import type { Matrix, ScoreObject } from '../types'
 import { shuffleArray } from '../utils/shuffle-array'
diff --git a/votes/src/methods/baldwin/index.ts b/votes/src/methods/baldwin/index.ts
index cd036ca..fa5c7f3 100644
--- a/votes/src/methods/baldwin/index.ts
+++ b/votes/src/methods/baldwin/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import _ from 'lodash'
+import _ from 'lodash-es'
 
 import { RoundBallotMethod } from '../../classes/round-ballot-method'
 import type { Ballot, ScoreObject } from '../../types'
diff --git a/votes/src/methods/biggest-support/index.ts b/votes/src/methods/biggest-support/index.ts
index de80b9c..085bc34 100644
--- a/votes/src/methods/biggest-support/index.ts
+++ b/votes/src/methods/biggest-support/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import _ from 'lodash'
+import _ from 'lodash-es'
 
 import { BallotMethod } from '../../classes/ballot-method'
 import type { Ballot } from '../../types'
diff --git a/votes/src/methods/bottom-two-runoff/index.ts b/votes/src/methods/bottom-two-runoff/index.ts
index b097aaa..2d031eb 100644
--- a/votes/src/methods/bottom-two-runoff/index.ts
+++ b/votes/src/methods/bottom-two-runoff/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import _ from 'lodash'
+import _ from 'lodash-es'
 
 import { RoundBallotMethod } from '../../classes/round-ballot-method'
 import type { Ballot, ScoreObject } from '../../types'
diff --git a/votes/src/methods/coombs/index.ts b/votes/src/methods/coombs/index.ts
index 291dacb..5fcdd90 100644
--- a/votes/src/methods/coombs/index.ts
+++ b/votes/src/methods/coombs/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import _ from 'lodash'
+import _ from 'lodash-es'
 
 import { RoundBallotMethod } from '../../classes/round-ballot-method'
 import type { Ballot, ScoreObject } from '../../types'
diff --git a/votes/src/methods/copeland/index.ts b/votes/src/methods/copeland/index.ts
index be973ec..351d1fd 100644
--- a/votes/src/methods/copeland/index.ts
+++ b/votes/src/methods/copeland/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import _ from 'lodash'
+import _ from 'lodash-es'
 
 import { MatrixScoreMethod } from '../../classes/matrix-score-method'
 import type { Matrix, ScoreObject } from '../../types'
diff --git a/votes/src/methods/kemeny/index.ts b/votes/src/methods/kemeny/index.ts
index 6223fb6..9c4eea1 100644
--- a/votes/src/methods/kemeny/index.ts
+++ b/votes/src/methods/kemeny/index.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import range from 'lodash/range'
-import zipObject from 'lodash/zipObject'
+import range from 'lodash-es/range'
+import zipObject from 'lodash-es/zipObject'
 
 import { MatrixScoreMethod } from '../../classes/matrix-score-method'
 import type { Matrix, ScoreObject } from '../../types'
diff --git a/votes/src/methods/majority-judgment/index.ts b/votes/src/methods/majority-judgment/index.ts
index e92b127..306ea6a 100644
--- a/votes/src/methods/majority-judgment/index.ts
+++ b/votes/src/methods/majority-judgment/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import _ from 'lodash'
+import _ from 'lodash-es'
 
 import { BallotMethod } from '../../classes/ballot-method'
 import type { Ballot, ScoreObject } from '../../types'
diff --git a/votes/src/methods/maximal-lotteries/index.ts b/votes/src/methods/maximal-lotteries/index.ts
index abd35b0..805dabf 100644
--- a/votes/src/methods/maximal-lotteries/index.ts
+++ b/votes/src/methods/maximal-lotteries/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import zipObject from 'lodash/zipObject'
+import zipObject from 'lodash-es/zipObject'
 
 import { RandomMatrixMethod } from '../../classes/random-matrix-method'
 import { findNashEquilibrium } from '../../simplex/find-nash-equilibrium'
diff --git a/votes/src/methods/minimax-td/index.ts b/votes/src/methods/minimax-td/index.ts
index abd4a99..7ce1ca1 100644
--- a/votes/src/methods/minimax-td/index.ts
+++ b/votes/src/methods/minimax-td/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import _ from 'lodash'
+import _ from 'lodash-es'
 
 import type { Matrix, ScoreObject } from '../../types'
 import { findSmithSet } from '../../utils/condorcet'
diff --git a/votes/src/methods/nanson/index.ts b/votes/src/methods/nanson/index.ts
index 4de7972..4f292f1 100644
--- a/votes/src/methods/nanson/index.ts
+++ b/votes/src/methods/nanson/index.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import _ from 'lodash'
-import sum from 'lodash/sum'
+import _ from 'lodash-es'
+import sum from 'lodash-es/sum'
 
 import { RoundBallotMethod } from '../../classes/round-ballot-method'
 import type { Ballot, ScoreObject } from '../../types'
diff --git a/votes/src/methods/random-candidates/index.ts b/votes/src/methods/random-candidates/index.ts
index 42eb025..e5f982f 100644
--- a/votes/src/methods/random-candidates/index.ts
+++ b/votes/src/methods/random-candidates/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import zipObject from 'lodash/zipObject'
+import zipObject from 'lodash-es/zipObject'
 
 import { RandomMethod } from '../../classes/random-method'
 import type { ScoreObject } from '../../types'
diff --git a/votes/src/methods/ranked-pairs/generate-acyclic-graph.ts b/votes/src/methods/ranked-pairs/generate-acyclic-graph.ts
index a405301..ce3f811 100644
--- a/votes/src/methods/ranked-pairs/generate-acyclic-graph.ts
+++ b/votes/src/methods/ranked-pairs/generate-acyclic-graph.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import _ from 'lodash'
+import _ from 'lodash-es'
 
 import { Tarjan } from './tarjan'
 import { Vertex } from './vertex'
diff --git a/votes/src/methods/ranked-pairs/index.ts b/votes/src/methods/ranked-pairs/index.ts
index 8ce391e..d879a1f 100644
--- a/votes/src/methods/ranked-pairs/index.ts
+++ b/votes/src/methods/ranked-pairs/index.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import groupBy from 'lodash/groupBy'
-import range from 'lodash/range'
-import zipObject from 'lodash/zipObject'
+import groupBy from 'lodash-es/groupBy'
+import range from 'lodash-es/range'
+import zipObject from 'lodash-es/zipObject'
 
 import { MatrixScoreMethod } from '../../classes/matrix-score-method'
 import type { Matrix, ScoreObject } from '../../types'
diff --git a/votes/src/methods/schulze/index.ts b/votes/src/methods/schulze/index.ts
index 1cb4445..2ac2159 100644
--- a/votes/src/methods/schulze/index.ts
+++ b/votes/src/methods/schulze/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import range from 'lodash/range'
+import range from 'lodash-es/range'
 
 import { MatrixScoreMethod } from '../../classes/matrix-score-method'
 import type { Matrix, ScoreObject } from '../../types'
diff --git a/votes/src/methods/two-round-runoff/index.ts b/votes/src/methods/two-round-runoff/index.ts
index e0e6750..8b52f54 100644
--- a/votes/src/methods/two-round-runoff/index.ts
+++ b/votes/src/methods/two-round-runoff/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import _ from 'lodash'
+import _ from 'lodash-es'
 
 import { RoundBallotMethod } from '../../classes/round-ballot-method'
 import type { ScoreObject } from '../../types'
diff --git a/votes/src/test/matrix.ts b/votes/src/test/matrix.ts
index c51ac26..220953a 100644
--- a/votes/src/test/matrix.ts
+++ b/votes/src/test/matrix.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import range from 'lodash/range'
+import range from 'lodash-es/range'
 
 export const product = (a: number[][], b: number[][]): number[][] => {
   const dimA = [a.length, a[0].length]
diff --git a/votes/src/test/test-utils.ts b/votes/src/test/test-utils.ts
index 514cebf..6c6ce47 100644
--- a/votes/src/test/test-utils.ts
+++ b/votes/src/test/test-utils.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import fill from 'lodash/fill'
+import fill from 'lodash-es/fill'
 
 import type { Ballot } from '../types'
 import { toWeightedBallots } from '../utils'
diff --git a/votes/src/utils/condorcet.ts b/votes/src/utils/condorcet.ts
index 9a857c4..1de81a0 100644
--- a/votes/src/utils/condorcet.ts
+++ b/votes/src/utils/condorcet.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import _ from 'lodash'
+import _ from 'lodash-es'
 
 import type { Matrix } from '../types'
 
diff --git a/votes/src/utils/make-matrix.ts b/votes/src/utils/make-matrix.ts
index 506fe16..b446dae 100644
--- a/votes/src/utils/make-matrix.ts
+++ b/votes/src/utils/make-matrix.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import difference from 'lodash/difference'
-import range from 'lodash/range'
-import times from 'lodash/times'
+import difference from 'lodash-es/difference'
+import range from 'lodash-es/range'
+import times from 'lodash-es/times'
 
 import type { Ballot, Matrix } from '../types'
 
diff --git a/votes/src/utils/normalize.ts b/votes/src/utils/normalize.ts
index 8f1f435..c19cc28 100644
--- a/votes/src/utils/normalize.ts
+++ b/votes/src/utils/normalize.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import _ from 'lodash'
+import _ from 'lodash-es'
 
 import type { Ballot } from '../types'
 
diff --git a/votes/src/utils/scores-zero.ts b/votes/src/utils/scores-zero.ts
index 49928db..a3c133a 100644
--- a/votes/src/utils/scores-zero.ts
+++ b/votes/src/utils/scores-zero.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import zipObject from 'lodash/zipObject'
+import zipObject from 'lodash-es/zipObject'
 
 import type { ScoreObject } from '../types'
 
diff --git a/votes/src/utils/scores.ts b/votes/src/utils/scores.ts
index 5298d61..5d9b2f7 100644
--- a/votes/src/utils/scores.ts
+++ b/votes/src/utils/scores.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import groupBy from 'lodash/groupBy'
-import sortBy from 'lodash/sortBy'
-import toPairs from 'lodash/toPairs'
+import groupBy from 'lodash-es/groupBy'
+import sortBy from 'lodash-es/sortBy'
+import toPairs from 'lodash-es/toPairs'
 
 export const scoresToRanking = (scores: {
   [candidate: string]: number
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 1a7f266..e965bdb 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -9058,6 +9058,11 @@ locate-path@^6.0.0:
   dependencies:
     p-locate "^5.0.0"
 
+lodash-es@^4.17.21:
+  version "4.17.21"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lodash-es/-/lodash-es-4.17.21.tgz#43e626c46e6591b7750beb2b50117390c609e3ee"
+  integrity sha512-mKnC+QJ9pWVzv+C4/U3rRsHapFfHvQFoFB92e52xeyGMcX6/OlIl78je1u8vePzYZSkkogMPJ2yjxxsb89cxyw==
+
 lodash.camelcase@^4.3.0:
   version "4.3.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lodash.camelcase/-/lodash.camelcase-4.3.0.tgz#b28aa6288a2b9fc651035c7711f65ab6190331a6"