diff --git a/chapters/03.xml b/chapters/03.xml index ef0d0c06..a5628f79 100644 --- a/chapters/03.xml +++ b/chapters/03.xml @@ -3057,6 +3057,167 @@ + The following guide will help American English speakers approximate Lojban sounds using familiar reference points from their dialect. When speaking Lojban, aim to pronounce each sound clearly and distinctly. Avoid the tendency in American English to reduce unstressed vowels to schwa or to add glides to pure vowels. Practice each sound individually and in combination to improve your Lojban pronunciation. + + + + + [a] + + The Lojban a. Similar to the a in father, but pronounced slightly forward in the mouth. Think of the a in spa without rounding your lips. + + + + [b] + + The Lojban b. Identical to the b in boy or about. + + + + [d] + + The Lojban d. As in dog or add. Be careful not to soften this to a flap [ɾ] between vowels, as in American ladder. + + + + [e] + + The Lojban e. Similar to the ay in say, but without the glide at the end. Hold your tongue still while saying the first part of the English vowel. + + + + [f] + + The Lojban f. As in four or if. + + + + [g] + + The Lojban g. As in go or big. + + + + [h] + + The Lojban apostrophe. As in ahead or the second h in oh hi. + + + + [i] + + The Lojban i. Like the ee in see, but without any glide at the end. + + + + [j] + + Used in Lojban diphthongs with i. Like the y in yes or the i in radio. + + + + [k] + + The Lojban k. As in ski or take. + + + + [l] + + The Lojban l. As in love or fall. + + + + [m] + + The Lojban m. As in more or him. + + + + [n] + + The Lojban n. As in no or on. + + + + [o] + + The Lojban o. Similar to the o in go, but without the glide at the end. Hold your tongue still while saying the first part of the English vowel. + + + + [p] + + The Lojban p. As in spin or top. + + + + [r] + + The Lojban r. Similar to the American r in red or car, but can also be trilled as in Spanish. + + + + [s] + + The Lojban s. As in sit or bus. + + + + [ʃ] + + The Lojban c. The sh sound in ship or cash. + + + + [t] + + The Lojban t. As in stop or it. Avoid softening to a flap [ɾ] between vowels, as in American water. + + + + [u] + + The Lojban u. Similar to the oo in boot, but without any glide at the end. Hold your tongue still while saying the vowel. + + + + [v] + + The Lojban v. As in vote or have. + + + + [w] + + Used in Lojban diphthongs with u. As in wet or cow. + + + + [x] + + The Lojban x. Similar to the ch in the German Bach or Scottish loch. Pronounce like a strong h with friction in your throat. + + + + [y] + + The Lojban y. Like the a in sofa or the u in supply. This is the schwa sound. + + + + [z] + + The Lojban z. As in zip or easy. + + + + [ʒ] + + The Lojban j. The s in treasure or j in Jacques. + + +
<anchor xml:id="c3s11" />English analogues for Lojban diphthongs