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Day 16: Initializing Accounts in Solana and Anchor

Day 16 of RareSkills Solana Course.

Setup

  1. Configure Solana to run on localhost: solana config set --url localhost
  2. Run the test validator node on another terminal: solana-test-validator
  3. Run Solana logs on another terminal: solana logs
  4. Build Anchor program: anchor build
  5. Sync program_id with Anchor key: anchor keys sync
  6. Run tests: anchor test --skip-local-validator

Notes

Solana Accounts

  • A Solana program's bytecode can be updated by the owner unless the program is marked as immutable.
    • Same behavior applies for Solana storage.
  • Everything in Solana is an account (a program account or a storage account).
  • A program account has executable set to true.
  • A storage account has executable set to false.
  • The address of the initialized accounts in Solana depends on:
    • the program that owns the storage account
    • and the seeds
  • Accounts cannot be initialized twice.

Solana Storage

  • Solana storage are massive key-value stores.
    • key is a base 58 encoded address.
    • value is a data blob that can be up to 10 MB in size.
  • Any program can read storage variables, but only the owner program can write to it's own storage variables.
  • A Solana storage account needs to be initialized (created) first before writing data to it.
    • It's possible to initialize and write data in one transaction, but this introduces security issues.
  • Solana programs in Anchor treat all storage (or account data) as a struct.
    • Anchor deserializes and serializes account data into structs behind the scenes, when reading or writing data.
    • #[account] macro implements the serialization/deserialization of structs to blob, and vice versa.
  • You're not required to use structs for Solana storage, but structs are a current convention.
  • The signer pays for the storage cost (gas).

References