diff --git a/Sources/Lotsawa/Chart.swift b/Sources/Lotsawa/Chart.swift
index e601913..48e154d 100644
--- a/Sources/Lotsawa/Chart.swift
+++ b/Sources/Lotsawa/Chart.swift
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ extension Chart {
 
     /// Returns `true` iff `lhs` should precede `rhs` in a derivation set.
     public static func < (lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Bool {
-      (lhs.item.key, lhs.mainstemIndexStorage) < (rhs.item.key, rhs.mainstemIndexStorage)
+      (lhs.key, lhs.mainstemIndexStorage) < (rhs.key, rhs.mainstemIndexStorage)
     }
 
     subscript<Target>(dynamicMember m: KeyPath<ItemID, Target>) -> Target {
@@ -327,9 +327,9 @@ extension Chart {
     let ithSet = i == currentEarleme ? currentEarleySet : earleySet(i)
     let k = ItemID.transitionKey(s)
 
-    let j = ithSet.partitionPoint { d in d.item.transitionKey >= k }
+    let j = ithSet.partitionPoint { d in d.transitionKey >= k }
     let items = ithSet[j...]
-    return items.prefix(while: { x in x.item.symbolID == s.id })
+    return items.prefix(while: { x in x.symbolID == s.id })
   }
 
   /// Returns the items in Earley set `i` whose use is triggered by the recognition of `s`.
@@ -346,9 +346,9 @@ extension Chart {
     let ithSet = earleySet(extent.upperBound)
     let k = ItemID.completionKey(lhs, origin: extent.lowerBound)
 
-    let j = ithSet.partitionPoint { d in d.item.key >= k }
+    let j = ithSet.partitionPoint { d in d.key >= k }
     let r0 = ithSet[j...]
-    let r = r0.prefix(while: { x in x.item.lhs == lhs && x.item.origin == extent.lowerBound })
+    let r = r0.prefix(while: { x in x.lhs == lhs && x.origin == extent.lowerBound })
     return r
   }
 
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ extension Chart {
   /// Injects a Leo item memoizing `x` with transition symbol `t` before entries[i].item, returning
   /// true if it was not already present.
   mutating func insertLeo(_ leo: Entry, at i: Int) -> Bool {
-    assert(leo.item.isLeo)
+    assert(leo.isLeo)
     if entries[i].item == leo.item {
       // FIXME: can we prove we never arrive here?  Should be possible.
       assert(
@@ -475,6 +475,6 @@ extension Chart {
   {
 
     let predecessors = transitionEntries(on: s, inEarleySet: i)
-    return predecessors.first.map { $0.item.isLeo ? predecessors : nil } ?? nil
+    return predecessors.first.map { $0.isLeo ? predecessors : nil } ?? nil
   }
 }
diff --git a/Sources/Lotsawa/Forest.swift b/Sources/Lotsawa/Forest.swift
index bd55178..6ceb5ed 100644
--- a/Sources/Lotsawa/Forest.swift
+++ b/Sources/Lotsawa/Forest.swift
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ extension Forest {
   public mutating func requireCompletion(
     _ c: Chart.Entry, inEarleme i: SourcePosition
   ) -> Bool {
-    assert(c.item.isCompletion, "requiring non-completion \(c)")
+    assert(c.isCompletion, "requiring non-completion \(c)")
     let setI = chart.earleySet(i)
     let p = setI.partitionPoint { $0 >= c }
     /// Derivation already in the chart?  We're done
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ extension Forest {
     let r0 = setI[p...].first?.item == c.item || setI[..<p].last?.item == c.item
 
     return mutate(
-      &leoCompletions[.init(locus: c.item.origin..<i, lhs: c.item.lhs!), default: []]
+      &leoCompletions[.init(locus: c.origin..<i, lhs: c.lhs!), default: []]
     ) { leoSet in
       let q = leoSet.partitionPoint { $0 >= c }
       // Derivation already in the leoSet?  We're done
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ extension Forest {
   public mutating func collectLeoCompletions(
     causing top: Chart.Entry, endingAt endEarleme: SourcePosition
   ) {
-    assert(top.item.isCompletion, "collecting leo completions on non-completion \(top)")
-    guard let lim0Index = top.mainstemIndex, chart.entries[lim0Index].item.isLeo else { return }
+    assert(top.isCompletion, "collecting leo completions on non-completion \(top)")
+    guard let lim0Index = top.mainstemIndex, chart.entries[lim0Index].isLeo else { return }
     var workingLIMIndex = lim0Index
     while true {
       let workingBaseIndex = workingLIMIndex + 1
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ extension Forest {
       collectLeoCompletions(causing: top, endingAt: locus.upperBound)
     }
     let storedCompletionsWithEarleyMainstem
-      = storedCompletions.lazy.filter { [chart] in chart.entries[$0.mainstemIndex!].item.isEarley }
+      = storedCompletions.lazy.filter { [chart] in chart.entries[$0.mainstemIndex!].isEarley }
 
     let leos = leoCompletions[.init(locus: locus, lhs: lhs), default: []]
 
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ extension Forest {
   func first(of d: DerivationSet.Storage) -> Derivation {
     .init(
       path: d, domain: self,
-      rule: grammar.rule(containing: d.completions.first!.item.dotPosition))
+      rule: grammar.rule(containing: d.completions.first!.dotPosition))
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/Sources/Lotsawa/Recognizer.swift b/Sources/Lotsawa/Recognizer.swift
index e4588b4..2116b0b 100644
--- a/Sources/Lotsawa/Recognizer.swift
+++ b/Sources/Lotsawa/Recognizer.swift
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ extension Recognizer {
 
   mutating func insert(_ newEntry: Chart.Entry) -> Bool {
     if !chart.insert(newEntry) { return false }
-    if leoPositions.contains(newEntry.item.dotPosition) {
+    if leoPositions.contains(newEntry.dotPosition) {
       self.leoCandidateFound = true
     }
     return true
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ extension Recognizer {
     let mainstems = chart.transitionEntries(on: s, inEarleySet: origin)
 
     if let head = mainstems.first,
-       let p = head.item.memoizedPenultIndex
+       let p = head.memoizedPenultIndex
     {
       derive(
         .init(item: chart.entries[p].item.advanced(in: g), mainstemIndex: mainstems.startIndex))
     }
     else {
       assert(
-        mainstems.allSatisfy(\.item.isEarley),
+        mainstems.allSatisfy(\.isEarley),
         "Leo item is not first in mainstems.")
 
       let transitionItemIndices
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ extension Recognizer {
     let s = g.recognized(at: x.dotPosition + 1)!
 
     let mainstems = chart.transitionEntries(on: s, inEarleySet: x.origin)
-    if let head = mainstems.first, head.item.isLeo {
+    if let head = mainstems.first, head.isLeo {
       return mainstems.startIndex
     }
     return nil
@@ -110,14 +110,14 @@ extension Recognizer {
   /// Ensures that `x` is represented in the current derivation set, and draws any consequent
   /// conclusions.
   private mutating func derive(_ x: Chart.Entry) {
-    assert(!x.item.isLeo)
+    assert(!x.isLeo)
     if !insert(x) { return }
 
-    if let t = x.item.transitionSymbol {
+    if let t = x.transitionSymbol {
       predict(t)
     }
     else { // it's complete
-      discover(g.recognized(at: x.item.dotPosition)!, startingAt: x.item.origin)
+      discover(g.recognized(at: x.dotPosition)!, startingAt: x.origin)
     }
   }
 
@@ -139,14 +139,14 @@ extension Recognizer {
       // If the dot is in a Leo position and the transition symbol was unique in this set
       if leoPositions.contains(x.dotPosition)
            && (endOfItem == chart.currentEarleySet.endIndex
-               || chart.currentEarleySet[endOfItem].item.transitionSymbol != t)
+               || chart.currentEarleySet[endOfItem].transitionSymbol != t)
       {
         let l: Chart.Entry
 
         if let p = leoPredecessorIndex(x) {
           l = .init(
             item: .init(
-              memoizingItemIndex: chart.entries[p].item.memoizedPenultIndex!, transitionSymbol: t),
+              memoizingItemIndex: chart.entries[p].memoizedPenultIndex!, transitionSymbol: t),
             mainstemIndex: p)
         }
         else {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ extension Recognizer {
       else {
         // Else skip over everything with this transition symbol
         i = chart.currentEarleySet[endOfItem...].prefix {
-          $0.item.transitionSymbol == t
+          $0.transitionSymbol == t
         }.endIndex
       }
     }
diff --git a/Tests/LotsawaTests/ChartInternalTests.swift b/Tests/LotsawaTests/ChartInternalTests.swift
index b6d510a..8e0cc93 100644
--- a/Tests/LotsawaTests/ChartInternalTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/LotsawaTests/ChartInternalTests.swift
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ class ChartInternalTests: XCTestCase {
 
     let chart = r.base.chart
     let top3 = try chart.completions(of: sum, over: 0..<3).checkedOnlyElement()
-    XCTAssert(top3.item.isCompletion)
-    let topRuleID = g.raw.rule(containing: top3.item.dotPosition)
+    XCTAssert(top3.isCompletion)
+    let topRuleID = g.raw.rule(containing: top3.dotPosition)
     let topRule = g.raw.storedRule(topRuleID)
     XCTAssertEqual(topRule.lhs, sum)
     XCTAssertEqual(Array(topRule.rhs), [sum, additive, product])
@@ -104,20 +104,20 @@ class ChartInternalTests: XCTestCase {
 
     let rhsProduct = try chart.completions(of: product, over: 2..<3)
       .checkedOnlyElement()
-    XCTAssert(rhsProduct.item.isCompletion)
+    XCTAssert(rhsProduct.isCompletion)
 
     let top2 = try chart.earleyMainstem(of: top3).checkedOnlyElement()
-    XCTAssertEqual(g.raw.rule(containing: top2.item.dotPosition), topRuleID)
+    XCTAssertEqual(g.raw.rule(containing: top2.dotPosition), topRuleID)
 
-    XCTAssertEqual(top2.item.transitionSymbol, product)
+    XCTAssertEqual(top2.transitionSymbol, product)
 
     let top1 = try chart.earleyMainstem(of: top2).checkedOnlyElement()
 
-    XCTAssertEqual(g.raw.rule(containing: top1.item.dotPosition), topRuleID)
+    XCTAssertEqual(g.raw.rule(containing: top1.dotPosition), topRuleID)
 
     let top0 = try chart.earleyMainstem(of: top1).checkedOnlyElement()
 
-    XCTAssertEqual(g.raw.rule(containing: top0.item.dotPosition), topRuleID)
+    XCTAssertEqual(g.raw.rule(containing: top0.dotPosition), topRuleID)
 
     // Could explore more, but it's time to create a better abstraction.
 
diff --git a/Tests/LotsawaTests/Utils/DebugChart.swift b/Tests/LotsawaTests/Utils/DebugChart.swift
index 2eceacf..d8d7063 100644
--- a/Tests/LotsawaTests/Utils/DebugChart.swift
+++ b/Tests/LotsawaTests/Utils/DebugChart.swift
@@ -20,19 +20,19 @@ extension DebugChart: CustomStringConvertible {
       while let head = remainingDerivations.first {
         let itemDerivations = remainingDerivations.prefix { x in x.item == head.item }
         result += "\(itemDerivations.startIndex): "
-        if !head.item.isLeo {
-          result.append("<\(head.item.origin)> ")
+        if !head.isLeo {
+          result.append("<\(head.origin)> ")
         }
         if head.mainstemIndex != nil {
           result.append(
             "{\(itemDerivations.map { String($0.mainstemIndex!) }.joined(separator: ", "))} ")
         }
 
-        if head.item.isLeo {
-          result += "L(\(head.item.memoizedPenultIndex!)) •\(head.item.transitionSymbol!)"
+        if head.isLeo {
+          result += "L(\(head.memoizedPenultIndex!)) •\(head.transitionSymbol!)"
         }
         else  {
-          result += language.dottedText(head.item.dotPosition)
+          result += language.dottedText(head.dotPosition)
         }
         result += "\n"
         remainingDerivations.removeFirst(itemDerivations.count)