G18.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<collection id="G18">
	<volume id="1">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Groundwater, Volume 57, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Comment on “Groundwater Pumping Is a Significant Unrecognized Contributor to Global Anthropogenic Element Cycles”</title>
			<author>
				<first>Grant</first>
				<last>Ferguson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jennifer C.</first>
				<last>McIntosh</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>The ideas presented by Stahl (2018) are intriguing. There is a wealth of information that supports that groundwater pumping has perturbed the hydrologic cycle at a global scale (Konikow 2011; Rodell et al. 2018) and perturbations to global elemental cycles would not be unexpected. However, the analysis presented by Stahl (2018) is problematic. Stahl assumes that the 45% of produced waters from oil field operations that were not used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are released into the more active portion of the hydrological cycle based on 2007 figures for the United States from Clark and Veil (2009). This figure is substantially lower in reality. Clark and Veil (2009) report that 38.2% of produced waters were injected into nonproducing strata. This injection occurs almost exclusively through Class II disposal wells, which are typically installed in saline aquifers (EPA 2018). Similar practices have been noted in Canada, where there has been a net gain in the amount of water in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (Ferguson 2015). In addition, Stahl states that 45% of Shell’s produced water is discharged at the surface based on an estimate from Khatib and Verbeek (2003). However, that study also noted that much of this discharge was to the ocean as part of offshore drilling activities. The overestimation of addition of produced water to the active portion of global elemental cycles will have a notable effect on estimates of fluxes of elements such as Li, Na, Cl, and Ca, which are found in high concentrations</abstract>
			<url hash="7b729893">G18-1001</url>
			<pages>82-82</pages>
			<doi>10.1111/gwat.12840</doi>
			<bibkey>Ferguson-2018-Comment</bibkey>
			<project>prj31</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="2">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 45, Issue 10</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Geophysical Union (AGU)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>The Persistence of Brines in Sedimentary Basins</title>
			<author>
				<first>Grant</first>
				<last>Ferguson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jennifer C.</first>
				<last>McIntosh</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stephen E.</first>
				<last>Grasby</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. Jim</first>
				<last>Hendry</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Scott</first>
				<last>Jasechko</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthew B.J.</first>
				<last>Lindsay</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Elco</first>
				<last>Luijendijk</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Brines are commonly found at depth in sedimentary basins. Many of these brines are known to be connate waters that have persisted since the early Paleozoic Era. Yet questions remain about their distribution and mechanisms for retention at depth in the Earth's crust. Here we demonstrate that there is insufficient topography to drive these dense fluids from the bottom of deep sedimentary basins. Our assessment based on driving force ratio indicates that sedimentary basins with driving force ratio &gt; 1 contain connate waters and frequently host large evaporite deposits. These stagnant conditions appear to be relatively stable over geological time and insensitive to factors such as glaciations, erosion, compaction, and hydrocarbon generation.</abstract>
			<url hash="69c7377d">G18-2001</url>
			<pages>4851-4858</pages>
			<doi>10.1029/2018gl078409</doi>
			<bibkey>Ferguson-2018-The</bibkey>
			<project>prj31</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="3">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Environmental Research Letters, Volume 13, Issue 11</booktitle>
			<publisher>IOP Publishing</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Competition for shrinking window of low salinity groundwater</title>
			<author>
				<first>Grant</first>
				<last>Ferguson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jennifer C.</first>
				<last>McIntosh</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Debra</first>
				<last>Perrone</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Scott</first>
				<last>Jasechko</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Groundwater resources are being stressed from the top down and bottom up. Declining water tables and near-surface contamination are driving groundwater users to construct deeper wells in many US aquifer systems. This has been a successful short-term mitigation measure where deep groundwater is fresh and free of contaminants. Nevertheless, vertical salinity profiles are not well-constrained at continental-scales. In many regions, oil and gas activities use pore spaces for energy production and waste disposal. Here we quantify depths that aquifer systems transition from fresh-to-brackish and where oil and gas activities are widespread in sedimentary basins across the United States. Fresh-brackish transitions occur at relatively shallow depths of just a few hundred meters, particularly in eastern US basins. We conclude that fresh groundwater is less abundant in several key US basins than previously thought; therefore drilling deeper wells to access fresh groundwater resources is not feasible extensively across the continent. Our findings illustrate that groundwater stores are being depleted not only by excessive withdrawals, but due to injection, and potentially contamination, from the oil and gas industry in areas of deep fresh and brackish groundwater.</abstract>
			<url hash="d17b5018">G18-3001</url>
			<pages>114013</pages>
			<doi>10.1088/1748-9326/aae6d8</doi>
			<bibkey>Ferguson-2018-Competition</bibkey>
			<project>prj31</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="4">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Hydrogeology Journal, Volume 27, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Salt dissolution and permeability in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin</title>
			<author>
				<first>Blake</first>
				<last>Woroniuk</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kristl</first>
				<last>Tipton</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stephen E.</first>
				<last>Grasby</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jennifer C.</first>
				<last>McIntosh</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Grant</first>
				<last>Ferguson</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Extensive dissolution of evaporites has occurred in the Williston Basin, Canada, but it is unclear what effect this has had on bulk permeability. The bulk of this dissolution has occurred from the Prairie Evaporite Formation, which is predominantly halite and potash. However, minor evaporite beds and porosity infilling have also been removed from the overlying Dawson Bay and Souris River formations, which are predominantly carbonates. This study examines whether permeability values in the Dawson Bay and Souris River formations have been affected by dissolution, by analyzing 142 drillstem tests from those formations. For both the Dawson Bay and Souris River formations, the highest permeabilities were found in areas where halite dissolution had occurred. However, the mean permeabilities were not statistically different in areas of halite dissolution compared to those containing connate water. Subsequent precipitation of anhydrite is known to have clogged pore spaces and fractures in some instances. Geochemical relationships found here support this idea but there is no statistically significant relationship between anhydrite saturation and permeability. Geomechanical effects, notably closure of fractures due to collapse, could be a mitigating factor. The results indicate that coupling dissolution and precipitation to changes in permeability in regional flow models remains a significant challenge.</abstract>
			<url hash="4cac68a1">G18-4001</url>
			<pages>161-170</pages>
			<doi>10.1007/s10040-018-1871-6</doi>
			<bibkey>Woroniuk-2018-Salt</bibkey>
			<project>prj31</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="5">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Hydrological Processes, Volume 32, Issue 12</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Storage, mixing, and fluxes of water in the critical zone across northern environments inferred by stable isotopes of soil water</title>
			<author>
				<first>Matthias</first>
				<last>Sprenger</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Doerthe</first>
				<last>Tetzlaff</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. M.</first>
				<last>Buttle</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sean K.</first>
				<last>Carey</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. P.</first>
				<last>McNamara</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hjalmar</first>
				<last>Laudon</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nadine J.</first>
				<last>Shatilla</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chris</first>
				<last>Soulsby</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>We thank Audrey Innes for isotope analysis at University of Aberdeen for Bruntland Burn and Krycklan sites, Johannes Tiwari (SLU) for isotope sampling in Krycklan, Pernilla Lofvenius (SLU) for providing PET data for Krycklan (via SITES), and Jeff McDonnell and Kim Janzen (University of Saskatchewan) for soil water isotope analysis for the Dorset and Wolf Creek sites. The Krycklan part was funded by the KAW Branch-Point project. We acknowledge the funding from the European Research Council (ERC, project GA 335910 VeWa). We thank the Editor and three anonymous reviewers for their critical comments during the peer-review process.</abstract>
			<url hash="f4100fc4">G18-5001</url>
			<pages>1720-1737</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/hyp.13135</doi>
			<bibkey>Sprenger-2018-Storage,</bibkey>
			<project>prj28</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>Using stable isotopes to estimate travel times in a data-sparse Arctic catchment: Challenges and possible solutions</title>
			<author>
				<first>Doerthe</first>
				<last>Tetzlaff</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Thea Ilaria</first>
				<last>Piovano</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Pertti</first>
				<last>Ala‐aho</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Aaron</first>
				<last>Smith</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sean K.</first>
				<last>Carey</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Philip</first>
				<last>Marsh</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Philip A.</first>
				<last>Wookey</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lorna E.</first>
				<last>Street</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chris</first>
				<last>Soulsby</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Use of isotopes to quantify the temporal dynamics of the transformation of precipitation into run-off has revealed fundamental new insights into catchment flow paths and mixing processes that influence biogeochemical transport. However, catchments underlain by permafrost have received little attention in isotope-based studies, despite their global importance in terms of rapid environmental change. These high-latitude regions offer limited access for data collection during critical periods (e.g., early phases of snowmelt). Additionally, spatio-temporal variable freeze-thaw cycles, together with the development of an active layer, have a time variant influence on catchment hydrology. All of these characteristics make the application of traditional transit time estimation approaches challenging. We describe an isotope-based study undertaken to provide a preliminary assessment of travel times at Siksik Creek in the western Canadian Arctic. We adopted a model-data fusion approach to estimate the volumes and isotopic characteristics of snowpack and meltwater. Using samples collected in the spring/summer, we characterize the isotopic composition of summer rainfall, melt from snow, soil water, and stream water. In addition, soil moisture dynamics and the temporal evolution of the active layer profile were monitored. First approximations of transit times were estimated for soil and streamwater compositions using lumped convolution integral models and temporally variable inputs including snowmelt, ice thaw, and summer rainfall. Comparing transit time estimates using a variety of inputs revealed that transit time was best estimated using all available inflows (i.e., snowmelt, soil ice thaw, and rainfall). Early spring transit times were short, dominated by snowmelt and soil ice thaw and limited catchment storage when soils are predominantly frozen. However, significant and increasing mixing with water in the active layer during the summer resulted in more damped steam water variation and longer mean travel times (~1.5 years). The study has also highlighted key data needs to better constrain travel time estimates in permafrost catchments.</abstract>
			<url hash="6d195e7e">G18-5002</url>
			<pages>1936-1952</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/hyp.13146</doi>
			<bibkey>Tetzlaff-2018-Using</bibkey>
			<project>prj28</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="3">
			<title>Spatio-temporal tracer variability in the glacier melt end-member - How does it affect hydrograph separation results?</title>
			<author>
				<first>Jan</first>
				<last>Schmieder</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jakob</first>
				<last>Garvelmann</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Thomas</first>
				<last>Marke</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ulrich</first>
				<last>Strasser</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Geochemical and isotopic tracers were often used in mixing models to estimate glacier melt contributions to streamflow, whereas the spatio‐temporal variability in the glacier melt tracer signature and its influence on tracer‐based hydrograph separation results received less attention. We present novel tracer data from a high‐elevation catchment (17 km2, glacierized area: 34%) in the Oetztal Alps (Austria) and investigated the spatial, as well as the subdaily to monthly tracer variability of supraglacial meltwater and the temporal tracer variability of winter baseflow to infer groundwater dynamics. The streamflow tracer variability during winter baseflow conditions was small, and the glacier melt tracer variation was higher, especially at the end of the ablation period. We applied a three‐component mixing model with electrical conductivity and oxygen‐18. Hydrograph separation (groundwater, glacier melt, and rain) was performed for 6 single glacier melt‐induced days (i.e., 6 events) during the ablation period 2016 (July to September). Median fractions (±uncertainty) of groundwater, glacier melt, and rain for the events were estimated at 49±2%, 35±11%, and 16±11%, respectively. Minimum and maximum glacier melt fractions at the subdaily scale ranged between 2±5% and 76±11%, respectively. A sensitivity analysis showed that the intraseasonal glacier melt tracer variability had a marked effect on the estimated glacier melt contribution during events with large glacier melt fractions of streamflow. Intra‐daily and spatial variation of the glacier melt tracer signature played a negligible role in applying the mixing model. The results of this study (a) show the necessity to apply a multiple sampling approach in order to characterize the glacier melt end‐member and (b) reveal the importance of groundwater and rainfall–runoff dynamics in catchments with a glacial flow regime.</abstract>
			<url hash="69c7377d">G18-2001</url>
			<pages>1828-1843</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/hyp.11628</doi>
			<bibkey>Schmieder-2018-Spatio-temporal</bibkey>
			<project>prj46</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="6">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Hydrometeorology, Volume 19, Issue 2</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Meteorological Society</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Scale Interactions in Turbulence for Mountain Blowing Snow</title>
			<author>
				<first>Nikolas</first>
				<last>Aksamit</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John W.</first>
				<last>Pomeroy</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Blowing snow particle transport responds to wind motions across many length and time scales. This coupling is nonlinear by nature and complicated in atmospheric flows where eddies of many sizes are superimposed. In mountainous terrain, wind flow descriptions are further complicated by topographically influenced or enhanced flows. To improve the current understanding and modeling of blowing snow transport in complex terrain, statistically significant timing and frequencies of wind–snow coupling were identified in high-frequency observations of surface blowing snow and near-surface turbulence from a mountain field site in the Canadian Rockies. Investigation of the mechanisms influencing near-surface, high-frequency turbulence and snow concentration fluctuations provided strong evidence for amplitude modulation from large-scale motions. The large-scale atmospheric motions modulating near-surface turbulence and snow transport were then compared to specific quadrant analysis structures recently identified as relevant for outdoor blowing snow transport. The results suggest that large atmospheric structures modulate the amplitude of high-frequency turbulence and modify turbulence statistics typically used to model blowing snow. Additionally, blowing snow was preferentially redistributed under the footprint of these same sweep motions, with both low- and high-frequency coherence increasing in their presence.</abstract>
			<url hash="e6a5a02a">G18-6001</url>
			<pages>305-320</pages>
			<doi>10.1175/jhm-d-17-0179.1</doi>
			<bibkey>Aksamit-2018-Scale</bibkey>
			<project>prj36</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="7">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Geophysical Union (AGU)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Global Estimates of River Flow Wave Travel Times and Implications for Low‐Latency Satellite Data</title>
			<author>
				<first>George H.</first>
				<last>Allen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Cédric H.</first>
				<last>David</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Konstantinos M.</first>
				<last>Andreadis</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Faisal</first>
				<last>Hossain</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. S.</first>
				<last>Famiglietti</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Earth‐orbiting satellites provide valuable observations of upstream river conditions worldwide. These observations can be used in real‐time applications like early flood warning systems and reservoir operations, provided they are made available to users with sufficient lead time. Yet the temporal requirements for access to satellite‐based river data remain uncharacterized for time‐sensitive applications. Here we present a global approximation of flow wave travel time to assess the utility of existing and future low‐latency/near‐real‐time satellite products, with an emphasis on the forthcoming SWOT satellite mission. We apply a kinematic wave model to a global hydrography data set and find that global flow waves traveling at their maximum speed take a median travel time of 6, 4, and 3 days to reach their basin terminus, the next downstream city, and the next downstream dam, respectively. Our findings suggest that a recently proposed ≤2‐day data latency for a low‐latency SWOT product is potentially useful for real‐time river applications.</abstract>
			<url hash="5e19c74f">G18-7001</url>
			<pages>7551-7560</pages>
			<doi>10.1029/2018gl077914</doi>
			<bibkey>Allen-2018-Global</bibkey>
			<project>prj46</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="8">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Environmental Research Letters, Volume 13, Issue 3</booktitle>
			<publisher>IOP Publishing</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Biological and geophysical feedbacks with fire in the Earth system</title>
			<author>
				<first>Sally</first>
				<last>Archibald</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Caroline E. R.</first>
				<last>Lehmann</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Claire M.</first>
				<last>Belcher</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>William J.</first>
				<last>Bond</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ross A.</first>
				<last>Bradstock</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Anne-Laure</first>
				<last>Daniau</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kyle G.</first>
				<last>Dexter</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Elisabeth J.</first>
				<last>Forrestel</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michelle</first>
				<last>Greve</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tianhua</first>
				<last>He</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Steven I.</first>
				<last>Higgins</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>William A.</first>
				<last>Hoffmann</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Byron B.</first>
				<last>Lamont</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Daniel J.</first>
				<last>McGlinn</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Glenn R.</first>
				<last>Moncrieff</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Colin P.</first>
				<last>Osborne</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Juli G.</first>
				<last>Pausas</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Owen</first>
				<last>Price</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Brad S.</first>
				<last>Ripley</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Brendan M.</first>
				<last>Rogers</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Dylan W.</first>
				<last>Schwilk</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Marcelo Fragomeni</first>
				<last>Simon</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. R.</first>
				<last>Turetsky</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Guido R. van der</first>
				<last>Werf</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Amy E.</first>
				<last>Zanne</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Roughly 3% of the Earth’s land surface burns annually, representing a critical exchange of energy and
matter between the land and atmosphere via combustion. Fires range from slow smouldering peat
fires, to low-intensity surface fires, to intense crown fires, depending on vegetation structure, fuel
moisture, prevailing climate, and weather conditions. While the links between biogeochemistry,
climate and fire are widely studied within Earth system science, these relationships are also mediated
by fuels—namely plants and their litter—that are the product of evolutionary and ecological
processes. Fire is a powerful selective force and, over their evolutionary history, plants have evolved
traits that both tolerate and promote fire numerous times and across diverse clades. Here we outline a
conceptual framework of how plant traits determine the flammability of ecosystems and interact with
climate and weather to influence fire regimes. We explore how these evolutionary and ecological
processes scale to impact biogeochemical and Earth system processes. Finally, we outline several
research challenges that, when resolved, will improve our understanding of the role of plant evolution
in mediating the fire feedbacks driving Earth system processes. Understanding current patterns of fire
and vegetation, as well as patterns of fire over geological time, requires research that incorporates
evolutionary biology, ecology, biogeography, and the biogeosciences.</abstract>
			<url hash="067ad719">G18-8001</url>
			<pages>033003</pages>
			<doi>10.1088/1748-9326/aa9ead</doi>
			<bibkey>Archibald-2018-Biological</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="9">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Water Research, Volume 139</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Modeling the exposure of wild fish to endocrine active chemicals: Potential linkages of total estrogenicity to field-observed intersex</title>
			<author>
				<first>Maricor J.</first>
				<last>Arlos</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Wayne</first>
				<last>Parker</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>José R.</first>
				<last>Bicudo</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Pam</first>
				<last>Law</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Keegan A.</first>
				<last>Hicks</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Meghan</first>
				<last>Fuzzen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Susan A.</first>
				<last>Andrews</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mark R.</first>
				<last>Servos</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Decades of studies on endocrine disruption have suggested the need to manage the release of key estrogens from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). However, the proposed thresholds are below the detection limits of most routine chemical analysis, thereby restricting the ability of watershed managers to assess the environmental exposure appropriately. In this study, we demonstrated the utility of a mechanistic model to address the data gaps on estrogen exposure. Concentrations of the prominent estrogenic contaminants in wastewaters (estrone, estradiol, and ethinylestradiol) were simulated in the Grand River in southern Ontario (Canada) for nine years, including a period when major WWTP upgrades occurred. The predicted concentrations expressed as total estrogenicity (E2 equivalent concentrations) were contrasted to a key estrogenic response (i.e., intersex) in rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum), a wild sentinel fish species. A predicted total estrogenicity in the river of ≥10 ng/L E2 equivalents was associated with high intersex incidence and severity, whereas concentrations &lt;0.1 ng/L E2 equivalents were associated with minimal intersex expression. Exposure to a predicted river concentration of 0.4 ng/L E2 equivalents, the environmental quality standard (EQS) proposed by the European Union for estradiol, was associated with 34% (95% CI:30-38) intersex incidence and a very low severity score of 0.6 (95% CI:0.5-0.7). This exposure is not predicted to cause adverse effects in rainbow darter. The analyses completed in this study were only based on the predicted presence of three major estrogens (E1, E2, EE2), so caution must be exercised when interpreting the results. Nevertheless, this study illustrates the use of models for exposure assessment, especially when measured data are not available.</abstract>
			<url hash="bec6b07c">G18-9001</url>
			<pages>187-197</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.005</doi>
			<bibkey>Arlos-2018-Modeling</bibkey>
			<project>prj23</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="10">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Science of The Total Environment, Volume 610-611</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Multi-year prediction of estrogenicity in municipal wastewater effluents</title>
			<author>
				<first>Maricor J.</first>
				<last>Arlos</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Wayne</first>
				<last>Parker</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>José R.</first>
				<last>Bicudo</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Pam</first>
				<last>Law</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Patricija</first>
				<last>Marjan</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Susan A.</first>
				<last>Andrews</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mark R.</first>
				<last>Servos</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>In this study, the estrogenicity of two major wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents located in the central reaches of the Grand River watershed in southern Ontario was estimated using population demographics, excretion rates, and treatment plant-specific removals. Due to the lack of data on estrogen concentrations from direct measurements at WWTPs, the treatment efficiencies through the plants were estimated using the information obtained from an effects-directed analysis. The results show that this approach could effectively estimate the estrogenicity of WWTP effluents, both before and after major infrastructure upgrades were made at the Kitchener WWTP. The model was then applied to several possible future scenarios including population growth and river low flow conditions. The scenario analyses showed that post-upgrade operation of the Kitchener WWTP will not release highly estrogenic effluent under the 2041 projected population increase (36%) or summer low flows. Similarly, the Waterloo WWTP treatment operation is also expected to improve once the upgrades have been fully implemented and is expected to effectively treat estrogens even under extreme scenarios of population growth and river flows. The developed model may be employed to support decision making on wastewater management strategies designed for environmental protection, especially on reducing the endocrine effects in fish exposed to WWTP effluents.</abstract>
			<url hash="f3ba6e90">G18-10001</url>
			<pages>1103-1112</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.171</doi>
			<bibkey>Arlos-2018-Multi-year</bibkey>
			<project>prj23</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>A spatial evaluation of global wildfire-water risks to human and natural systems</title>
			<author>
				<first>François</first>
				<last>Robinne</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kevin D.</first>
				<last>Bladon</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Carol</first>
				<last>Miller</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Marc‐André</first>
				<last>Parisien</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jérôme</first>
				<last>Mathieu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mike</first>
				<last>Flannigan</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>The large mediatic coverage of recent massive wildfires across the world has emphasized the vulnerability of freshwater resources. The extensive hydrogeomorphic effects from a wildfire can impair the ability of watersheds to provide safe drinking water to downstream communities and high-quality water to maintain riverine ecosystem health. Safeguarding water use for human activities and ecosystems is required for sustainable development; however, no global assessment of wildfire impacts on water supply is currently available. Here, we provide the first global evaluation of wildfire risks to water security, in the form of a spatially explicit index. We adapted the Driving forces-Pressure-State-Impact-Response risk analysis framework to select a comprehensive set of indicators of fire activity and water availability, which we then aggregated to a single index of wildfire-water risk using a simple additive weighted model. Our results show that water security in many regions of the world is potentially vulnerable, regardless of socio-economic status. However, in developing countries, a critical component of the risk is the lack of socio-economic capability to respond to disasters. Our work highlights the importance of addressing wildfire-induced risks in the development of water security policies; the geographic differences in the components of the overall risk could help adapting those policies to different regional contexts.</abstract>
			<url hash="6ab33f2a">G18-10002</url>
			<pages>1193-1206</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.112</doi>
			<bibkey>Robinne-2018-A</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="11">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 6</booktitle>
			<publisher>Copernicus GmbH</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Historical drought patterns over Canada and their teleconnections with large-scale climate signals</title>
			<author>
				<first>Zilefac Elvis</first>
				<last>Asong</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>H. S.</first>
				<last>Wheater</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Barrie</first>
				<last>Bonsal</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Saman</first>
				<last>Razavi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sopan</first>
				<last>Kurkute</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. Drought is a recurring extreme climate event and among the most costly natural disasters in the world. This is particularly true over Canada, where drought is both a frequent and damaging phenomenon with impacts on regional water resources, agriculture, industry, aquatic ecosystems, and health. However, nationwide drought assessments are currently lacking and impacted by limited ground-based observations. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of historical droughts over the whole of Canada, including the role of large-scale teleconnections. Drought events are characterized by the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) over various temporal scales (1, 3, 6, and 12 consecutive months, 6 months from April to September, and 12 months from October to September) applied to different gridded monthly data sets for the period 1950–2013. The Mann–Kendall test, rotated empirical orthogonal function, continuous wavelet transform, and wavelet coherence analyses are used, respectively, to investigate the trend, spatio-temporal patterns, periodicity, and teleconnectivity of drought events. Results indicate that southern (northern) parts of the country experienced significant trends towards drier (wetter) conditions although substantial variability exists. Two spatially well-defined regions with different temporal evolution of droughts were identified – the Canadian Prairies and northern central Canada. The analyses also revealed the presence of a dominant periodicity of between 8 and 32 months in the Prairie region and between 8 and 40 months in the northern central region. These cycles of low-frequency variability are found to be associated principally with the Pacific–North American (PNA) and Multivariate El Niño/Southern Oscillation Index (MEI) relative to other considered large-scale climate indices. This study is the first of its kind to identify dominant periodicities in drought variability over the whole of Canada in terms of when the drought events occur, their duration, and how often they occur.</abstract>
			<url hash="4b0609f5">G18-11001</url>
			<pages>3105-3124</pages>
			<doi>10.5194/hess-22-3105-2018</doi>
			<bibkey>Asong-2018-Historical</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>On the appropriate definition of soil profile configuration and initial conditions for land surface–hydrology models  in cold regions</title>
			<author>
				<first>Gonzalo</first>
				<last>Sapriza-Azuri</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Pablo</first>
				<last>Gamazo</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Saman</first>
				<last>Razavi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>H. S.</first>
				<last>Wheater</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. Arctic and subarctic regions are amongst the most susceptible regions on Earth to global warming and climate change. Understanding and predicting the impact of climate change in these regions require a proper process representation of the interactions between climate, carbon cycle, and hydrology in Earth system models. This study focuses on land surface models (LSMs) that represent the lower boundary condition of general circulation models (GCMs) and regional climate models (RCMs), which simulate climate change evolution at the global and regional scales, respectively. LSMs typically utilize a standard soil configuration with a depth of no more than 4 m, whereas for cold, permafrost regions, field experiments show that attention to deep soil profiles is needed to understand and close the water and energy balances, which are tightly coupled through the phase change. To address this gap, we design and run a series of model experiments with a one-dimensional LSM, called CLASS (Canadian Land Surface Scheme), as embedded in the MESH (Modélisation Environmentale Communautaire – Surface and Hydrology) modelling system, to (1) characterize the effect of soil profile depth under different climate conditions and in the presence of parameter uncertainty; (2) assess the effect of including or excluding the geothermal flux in the LSM at the bottom of the soil column; and (3) develop a methodology for temperature profile initialization in permafrost regions, where the system has an extended memory, by the use of paleo-records and bootstrapping. Our study area is in Norman Wells, Northwest Territories of Canada, where measurements of soil temperature profiles and historical reconstructed climate data are available. Our results demonstrate a dominant role for parameter uncertainty, that is often neglected in LSMs. Considering such high sensitivity to parameter values and dependency on the climate condition, we show that a minimum depth of 20 m is essential to adequately represent the temperature dynamics. We further show that our proposed initialization procedure is effective and robust to uncertainty in paleo-climate reconstructions and that more than 300 years of reconstructed climate time series are needed for proper model initialization.</abstract>
			<url hash="d20f584f">G18-11002</url>
			<pages>3295-3309</pages>
			<doi>10.5194/hess-22-3295-2018</doi>
			<bibkey>Sapriza-Azuri-2018-On</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="12">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Ecosphere, Volume 9, Issue 10</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Potential impacts of climate change on the habitat of boreal woodland caribou</title>
			<author>
				<first>Quinn E.</first>
				<last>Barber</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Marc‐André</first>
				<last>Parisien</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ellen</first>
				<last>Whitman</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Diana</first>
				<last>Stralberg</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chris J.</first>
				<last>Johnson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Martin‐Hugues</first>
				<last>St‐Laurent</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Evan R.</first>
				<last>DeLancey</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>David T.</first>
				<last>Price</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Dominique</first>
				<last>Arseneault</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Xianli</first>
				<last>Wang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mike D.</first>
				<last>Flannigan</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are currently listed as threatened in Canada, with populations in the province of Alberta expected to decline as much as 50 percent over the next 8–15 yr. We assessed the future of caribou habitat across a region of northeast Alberta using a model of habitat-quality and projections of future climate from three general circulation models. We used mapped climatic and topo-edaphic properties to project future upland vegetation cover and a fire simulation model to project the frequency and extent of wildfires. Based on those projections, we quantified the future habitat of caribou according to estimates of nutritional resources and predation risk derived from vegetation cover type and stand age. Grassland vegetation covered up to half of the study area by the 2080s, expanding from &gt;1% in the present and contributing to a significant contraction in mixedwood and coniferous forests. This change in vegetation would increase the risk of predation and disease, as habitat becomes more suitable for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and, consequently, gray wolves (Canis lupus). Borne out, these changes would severely compromise the long-term persistence of caribou in the boreal forest of Alberta.</abstract>
			<url hash="59b3a61b">G18-12001</url>
			<pages>e02472</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/ecs2.2472</doi>
			<bibkey>Barber-2018-Potential</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="13">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Weather and Forecasting, Volume 33, Issue 3</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Meteorological Society</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Improving the Explicit Prediction of Freezing Rain in a Kilometer-Scale Numerical Weather Prediction Model</title>
			<author>
				<first>Agnieszka</first>
				<last>Barszcz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jason A.</first>
				<last>Milbrandt</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Julie M.</first>
				<last>Thériault</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract A freezing rain event, in which the Meteorological Centre of Canada’s 2.5-km numerical weather prediction system significantly underpredicted the quantity of freezing rain, is examined. The prediction system models precipitation types explicitly, directly from the Milbrandt–Yau microphysics scheme. It was determined that the freezing rain underprediction for this case was due primarily to excessive refreezing of rain, originating from melting snow and graupel, in and under the temperature inversion of the advancing warm front ultimately depleting the supply of rain reaching the surface. The refreezing was caused from excessive collisional freezing between rain and graupel. Sensitivity experiments were conducted to examine the effects of a temperature threshold for collisional freezing and on varying the values of the collection efficiencies between rain and ice-phase hydrometeors. It was shown that by reducing the rain–graupel collection efficiency and by imposing a temperature threshold of −5°C, above which collisional freezing is not permitted, excessive rain–graupel collection and graupel formation can be controlled in the microphysics scheme, leading to an improved simulation of freezing rain at the surface.</abstract>
			<url hash="e10fc17e">G18-13001</url>
			<pages>767-782</pages>
			<doi>10.1175/waf-d-17-0136.1</doi>
			<bibkey>Barszcz-2018-Improving</bibkey>
			<project>prj5</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="14">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Hydrometeorology, Volume 19, Issue 4</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Meteorological Society</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Probable Maximum Precipitation: Its Estimation and Uncertainty Quantification Using Bivariate Extreme Value Analysis</title>
			<author>
				<first>M. A. Ben</first>
				<last>Alaya</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Francis W.</first>
				<last>Zwiers</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>X.</first>
				<last>Zhang</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) is the key parameter used to estimate the probable maximum flood (PMF), both of which are important for dam safety and civil engineering purposes. The usual operational procedure for obtaining PMP values, which is based on a moisture maximization approach, produces a single PMP value without an estimate of its uncertainty. We therefore propose a probabilistic framework based on a bivariate extreme value distribution to aid in the interpretation of these PMP values. This 1) allows us to evaluate estimates from the operational procedure relative to an estimate of a plausible distribution of PMP values, 2) enables an evaluation of the uncertainty of these values, and 3) provides clarification of the impact of the assumption that a PMP event occurs under conditions of maximum moisture availability. Results based on a 50-yr Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis Regional Climate Model (CanRCM4) simulation over North America reveal that operational PMP estimates are highly uncertain and suggest that the assumption that PMP events have maximum moisture availability may not be valid. Specifically, in the climate simulated by CanRCM4, the operational approach applied to 50-yr data records produces a value that is similar to the value that is obtained in our approach when assuming complete dependence between extreme precipitation efficiency and extreme precipitable water. In contrast, our results suggest weaker than complete dependence. Estimates from the operational approach are 15% larger on average over North America than those obtained when accounting for the dependence between precipitation efficiency and precipitable water extremes realistically. A difference of this magnitude may have serious implications in engineering design.</abstract>
			<url hash="7cd8f9c7">G18-14001</url>
			<pages>679-694</pages>
			<doi>10.1175/jhm-d-17-0110.1</doi>
			<bibkey>Ben Alaya-2018-Probable</bibkey>
			<project>prj5</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="15">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium</booktitle>
			<publisher>IEEE</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Contributions of Geophysical and C-Band SAR Data for Estimation of Field Scale Soil Moisture</title>
			<author>
				<first>Aaron</first>
				<last>Berg</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mitchell</first>
				<last>Krafczek</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Daniel</first>
				<last>Clewley</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J.</first>
				<last>Whitcomb</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ruzbeh</first>
				<last>Akbar</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mahta</first>
				<last>Moghaddam</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Heather</first>
				<last>McNarin</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>In this study we evaluate a Random Forest (RF) model for characterizing the spatial variability of soil moisture based on model derived from in situ soil moisture samples, geophysical data and RADAR observations. The RF model is run with and without C-band SAR backscatter to understand the importance of the inclusion of SAR data for mapping of soil moisture at field scale. The inclusion of SAR data in the RF resulted in a modest improvement however the geophysical parameters (e.g. soil types and terrain properties) were of greater importance.</abstract>
			<url hash="c4649ea2">G18-15001</url>
			<doi>10.1109/igarss.2018.8517551</doi>
			<bibkey>Berg-2018-Contributions</bibkey>
			<project>prj42</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>Application of Photon Recollision Probability Theory for Compatibility Check Between Foliage Clumping and Leaf Area Index Products Obtained from Earth Observation Data</title>
			<author>
				<first>Jan</first>
				<last>Písek</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Henning</first>
				<last>Buddenbaum</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Fernando</first>
				<last>Camacho</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Joachim</first>
				<last>Hill</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jennifer</first>
				<last>Jensen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Holger</first>
				<last>Lange</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Zhili</first>
				<last>Liu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Arndt</first>
				<last>Piayda</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yonghua</first>
				<last>Qu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Olivier</first>
				<last>Roupsard</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Shawn</first>
				<last>Serbin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Svein</first>
				<last>Solberg</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Oliver</first>
				<last>Sonnentag</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Anne</first>
				<last>Thimonier</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Francesco</first>
				<last>Vuolo</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Clumping index (CI) is a measure of foliage aggregation relative to a random distribution of leaves in space. The CI can help with estimating fractions of sunlit and shaded leaves for a given value of leaf area index (LAI). Both the CI and LAI can be obtained from global Earth Observing (EO) systems such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). Here, the compatibility between CI and LAI products derived from EO data is examined independently using the theory of spectral invariants, also referred to as photon recollision probability theory (i.e. ‘ $p$ -theory’), along with raw LAI-2000/2200 Plant Canopy Analyzer data from 75 sites distributed across a range of plant functional types (PFTs). The $p$ -theory describes the probability (p-value) that a photon, having intercepted an element in the canopy, will recollide with another canopy element rather than escape the canopy. Our results indicate that the integration of empirically-based CI maps with the MODIS LAI product is feasible, providing a potential means to improve the accuracy of LAI EO data products. Given the strong results for the large range of PFTs explored here, we demonstrate the capacity to obtain p-values for any location solely from EO data. This is relevant for future applications of the photon recollision probability concept for global and local monitoring of vegetation using EO data.</abstract>
			<url hash="4cac68a1">G18-4001</url>
			<doi>10.1109/igarss.2018.8518535</doi>
			<bibkey>Pisek-2018-Application</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="16">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Environmental Research Letters, Volume 13, Issue 12</booktitle>
			<publisher>IOP Publishing</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Quantifying the effect of forest age in annual net forest carbon balance</title>
			<author>
				<first>Simon</first>
				<last>Besnard</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nuno</first>
				<last>Carvalhais</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. Altaf</first>
				<last>Arain</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Andrew</first>
				<last>Black</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sytze de</first>
				<last>Bruin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nina</first>
				<last>Buchmann</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alessandro</first>
				<last>Cescatti</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jiquan</first>
				<last>Chen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J.G.P.W.</first>
				<last>Clevers</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ankur R.</first>
				<last>Desai</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christopher M.</first>
				<last>Gough</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kateřina</first>
				<last>Havránková</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Martin</first>
				<last>Herold</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lukas</first>
				<last>Hörtnagl</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Martin</first>
				<last>Jung</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alexander</first>
				<last>Knohl</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bart</first>
				<last>Kruijt</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lenka</first>
				<last>Krupková</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Beverly E.</first>
				<last>Law</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Anders</first>
				<last>Lindroth</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Asko</first>
				<last>Noormets</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Olivier</first>
				<last>Roupsard</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>R.</first>
				<last>Steinbrecher</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Andrej</first>
				<last>Varlagin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Caroline</first>
				<last>Vincke</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Markus</first>
				<last>Reichstein</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Forests dominate carbon (C) exchanges between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere on land. In the long term, the net carbon flux between forests and the atmosphere has been significantly impacted by changes in forest cover area and structure due to ecological disturbances and management activities. Current empirical approaches for estimating net ecosystem productivity (NEP) rarely consider forest age as a predictor, which represents variation in physiological processes that can respond differently to environmental drivers, and regrowth following disturbance. Here, we conduct an observational synthesis to empirically determine to what extent climate, soil properties, nitrogen deposition, forest age and management influence the spatial and interannual variability of forest NEP across 126 forest eddy-covariance flux sites worldwide. The empirical models explained up to 62% and 71% of spatio-temporal and across-site variability of annual NEP, respectively. An investigation of model structures revealed that forest age was a dominant factor of NEP spatio-temporal variability in both space and time at the global scale as compared to abiotic factors, such as nutrient availability, soil characteristics and climate. These findings emphasize the importance of forest age in quantifying spatio-temporal variation in NEP using empirical approaches.</abstract>
			<url hash="d6d1314c">G18-16001</url>
			<pages>124018</pages>
			<doi>10.1088/1748-9326/aaeaeb</doi>
			<bibkey>Besnard-2018-Quantifying</bibkey>
			<project>prj41</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="17">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Volume 43, Issue 11</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Enlargement and evolution of a semi-alluvial creek in response to urbanization</title>
			<author>
				<first>Vernon</first>
				<last>Bevan</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bruce</first>
				<last>MacVicar</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Margot</first>
				<last>Chapuis</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kimisha</first>
				<last>Ghunowa</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Elli</first>
				<last>Papangelakis</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John C</first>
				<last>Parish</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>William J.</first>
				<last>Snodgrass</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>The impact of urbanization on stream channels is of interest due to the growth of cities and the sensitivity of stream morphology and ecology to hydrologic change. Channel enlargement is a commonly observed effect and channel evolution models can help guide management efforts, but the models must be used in the proper geologic and climatic context. Semi‐alluvial channels characterized by a relatively thin alluvial layer over clay till and a convex channel profile in a temperate climate are not represented in currently available models. In this study we: (i) assess channel enlargement; and (ii) propose a channel evolution model for an urban semi‐alluvial creek in Toronto, Canada. The system is 90% developed with an imperviousness of approximately 47%. Channel enlargement is assessed by comparing 50 year old construction surveys, a recent survey of a relic channel, low‐precision surveys of channel change over a 15 year period, and high‐precision surveys over a three year period. The enlargement ratio of the channel since 1958 is 2.6, but could be as high 8.2 in comparison with the pre‐urban channel. When the increase in flow capacity is considered, the enlargement ratio is 1.9 since 1958 and up to 6.0 in comparison with the pre‐urban channel. Channel enlargement continues in the contemporary channel at an estimated rate of 0.23 m2/year. A five stage model is presented to describe channel evolution in the lower reaches. In this model the coarse lag material from glacial sources provides a natural resilience to the bed and incision occurs only after the increased flows from urbanization are combined with higher slopes as a result of channel straightening or avulsions. Further research should be done to assess stream behaviour close to an identified geologic control point. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</abstract>
			<url hash="6e6d5629">G18-17001</url>
			<pages>2295-2312</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/esp.4391</doi>
			<bibkey>Bevan-2018-Enlargement</bibkey>
			<project>prj24</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="18">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Science of The Total Environment, Volume 642</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Monitoring ecosystem reclamation recovery using optical remote sensing: Comparison with field measurements and eddy covariance</title>
			<author>
				<first>L.</first>
				<last>Chasmer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Thomas</first>
				<last>Baker</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sean K.</first>
				<last>Carey</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Justin</first>
				<last>Straker</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stacey Lynne</first>
				<last>Strilesky</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Richard M.</first>
				<last>Petrone</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Time series remote sensing vegetation indices derived from SPOT 5 data are compared with vegetation structure and eddy covariance flux data at 15 dry to wet reclamation and reference sites within the Oil Sands region of Alberta, Canada. This comprehensive analysis examines the linkages between indicators of ecosystem function and change trajectories observed both at the plot level and within pixels. Using SPOT imagery, we find that higher spatial resolution datasets (e.g. 10 m) improves the relationship between vegetation indices and structural measurements compared with interpolated (lower resolution) pixels. The simple ratio (SR) vegetation index performs best when compared with stem density-based indicators (R2 = 0.65; p &lt; 0.00), while the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) are most comparable to foliage indicators (leaf area index (LAI) and canopy cover (R2 = 0.52-0.78; p &gt; 0.02). Fluxes (net ecosystem production (NEP) and gross ecosystem production (GEP)) are most related to NDVI and SAVI when these are interpolated to larger 20 m × 20 m pixels (R2 = 0.44-0.50; p &lt; 0.00). As expected, decreased sensitivity of NDVI is problematic for sites with LAI &gt; 3 m2 m-2, making this index more appropriate for newly regenerating reclamation areas. For sites with LAI &lt; 3 m2 m-2, trajectories of vegetation change can be mapped over time and are within 2.7% and 3.3% of annual measured LAI changes observed at most sites. This study demonstrates the utility of remote sensing in combination with field and eddy covariance data for monitoring and scaling of reclaimed and reference site productivity within and beyond the Oil Sands Region of western Canada.</abstract>
			<url hash="360e467f">G18-18001</url>
			<pages>436-446</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.039</doi>
			<bibkey>Chasmer-2018-Monitoring</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="19">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Water Resources Research, Volume 54, Issue 6</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Geophysical Union (AGU)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Nutrient Loss Rates in Relation to Transport Time Scales in a Large Shallow Lake (Lake St. Clair, USA—Canada): Insights From a Three‐Dimensional Model</title>
			<author>
				<first>Serghei A.</first>
				<last>Bocaniov</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Donald</first>
				<last>Scavia</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>A nutrient mass balance and a three‐dimensional, coupled hydrodynamic‐ecological model, calibrated and validated for Lake St. Clair with observations from 2009 and 2010, were integrated to estimate monthly lake‐scale nutrient loss rates, and to calculate 3 monthly transport time scales: flushing time, water age, and water residence time. While nutrient loss rates had statistically significant relationships with all transport time scale measures, water age had the strongest explanatory power, with water age and nutrient loss rates both smaller in spring and fall and larger in summer. We show that Lake St. Clair is seasonally divided into two discrete regions of contrasting water age and productivity. The north‐western region is dominated by oligotrophic waters from the St. Clair River, and south‐eastern region is dominated by the nutrient enriched, more productive waters from the Thames‐Sydenham River complex. The spatial and temporal variations in local transport scales and nutrient loss rates, coupled with strong seasonal variations in discharge and nutrient loads from the major tributaries, suggest the need for different load reduction strategies for different tributaries.</abstract>
			<url hash="8eb2211a">G18-19001</url>
			<pages>3825-3840</pages>
			<doi>10.1029/2017wr021876</doi>
			<bibkey>Bocaniov-2018-Nutrient</bibkey>
			<project>prj22</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="20">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>FACETS, Volume 3, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>Canadian Science Publishing</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Co-design of water services and infrastructure for Indigenous Canada: A scoping review</title>
			<author>
				<first>Lori</first>
				<last>Bradford</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tim</first>
				<last>Vogel</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Karl–Erich</first>
				<last>Lindenschmidt</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kerry N.</first>
				<last>McPhedran</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Graham</first>
				<last>Strickert</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Terrance A.</first>
				<last>Fonstad</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lalita</first>
				<last>Bharadwaj</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>There is movement in engineering fields and in Indigenous communities for enhancement of local participation in the design of community infrastructure. Inclusion of community priorities and unique cultural, spiritual, and traditional values harmonize the appearance, location, and functionality of developments with the social and cultural context in which they are built and contribute to holistic wellness. However, co-design processes that align community values and the technical needs of water facilities are difficult to find. A scoping review was conducted to explore the state of knowledge on co-design of water infrastructure in Indigenous Canada to build a knowledge base from which practices and processes could emerge. The scoping results revealed that articles and reports emerged only in recent years, contained case studies and meta-reviews with primary (qualitative) data, and involved community members in various capacities. Overall, 13 articles were reviewed that contributed to understanding co-design for water infrastructure in Indigenous Canada. Barriers to co-design included funding models for Indigenous community infrastructure, difficulties in engineers and designers understanding Indigenous worldviews and paradigms, and a lack of cooperation among stakeholders that contribute to ongoing design failures. A working definition of co-design for Indigenous water infrastructure is presented.</abstract>
			<url hash="b41a1440">G18-20001</url>
			<pages>487-511</pages>
			<doi>10.1139/facets-2017-0124</doi>
			<bibkey>Bradford-2018-Co-design</bibkey>
			<project>prj33</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="21">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Frontiers in Environmental Science, Volume 6</booktitle>
			<publisher>Frontiers Media SA</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>When a Water Problem Is More Than a Water Problem: Fragmentation, Framing, and the Case of Agricultural Wetland Drainage</title>
			<author>
				<first>Sarah-Patricia</first>
				<last>Breen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Philip A.</first>
				<last>Loring</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Helen M.</first>
				<last>Baulch</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Complex interactions between water, society, the economy, and the environment necessitate attention to how water issues are framed, and the limitations of a water-centric framework for analyzing or solving problems. We explore this complexity through an example of an existing complex, or wicked, policy problem - the case of agricultural wetland drainage in the Canadian Prairies. Agricultural wetland drainage expands the amount of productive agricultural land, increasing agricultural efficiency and productivity. Drainage is also one of the primary drivers of the loss of Canada’s wetlands and is a hotly contentious issue between actors with divergent views and values in the Canadian Prairies. Using the nuances of drainage as an exemplar, we discuss how fragmented framings of water foster perspectives and solutions that fail to consider the full range of aspects and interactions, and contribute to the enduring conflicts that accompany drainage debates in many regions. First, we discuss agricultural wetland drainage as practiced in the province of Saskatchewan, where significant regulatory and governance changes are in progress. Next, we discuss the challenges of policy and governance fragmentation, both specific to water and to the surrounding system. Finally, we note potential alternative framings that, while specific to prairie water governance, provide guidance for how other complex social-ecological challenges might be approached.</abstract>
			<url hash="0ca67325">G18-21001</url>
			<doi>10.3389/fenvs.2018.00129</doi>
			<bibkey>Breen-2018-When</bibkey>
			<project>prj33</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="22">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>European Review of Agricultural Economics, Volume 47, Issue 3</booktitle>
			<publisher>Oxford University Press (OUP)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>A global meta-analysis of groundwater quality valuation studies</title>
			<author>
				<first>Roy</first>
				<last>Brouwer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Noémie</first>
				<last>Neverre</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract A global meta-analysis consisting of almost three decades of groundwater quality valuation studies is presented. New in this study is the focus on the uncertainties surrounding different groundwater quality levels and the control included for groundwater contaminants originating from agriculture and other sources. Separate meta-regression models are estimated for the USA, Europe and the World, detecting sensitivity to scope and reference dependence. Public willingness to pay appears more sensitive to uncertainty in the baseline scenario than in the policy scenario. The high explanatory power of the estimated meta-regression models and low prediction errors provide confidence in their usefulness for reliable benefits transfer.</abstract>
			<url hash="1e13dccb">G18-22001</url>
			<pages>893-932</pages>
			<doi>10.1093/erae/jby043</doi>
			<bibkey>Brouwer-2018-A</bibkey>
			<project>prj2</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="23">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Ecological Indicators, Volume 88</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Economic valuation of groundwater protection using a groundwater quality ladder based on chemical threshold levels</title>
			<author>
				<first>Roy</first>
				<last>Brouwer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Carlos M.</first>
				<last>Ordens</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Rute</first>
				<last>Pinto</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Maria Teresa Condesso de</first>
				<last>Melo</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Improving groundwater quality is expected to yield direct use benefits to society (e.g. clean and safe drinking water) and groundwater dependent ecosystems. Ten years after the adoption of the European Groundwater Directive (GWD), policymaker and public understanding of the societal value of groundwater protection is still rather limited. This is partly due to the invisible and intangible nature of groundwater resources and the sheer lack of valuation studies. This study contributes to the limited number of groundwater valuation studies in Europe by estimating the public benefits from improved groundwater quality in the Aveiro Quaternary Aquifer (AQA) in Portugal. This is the first and only economic valuation study of groundwater in Portugal. In order to communicate the various benefits provided by groundwater resources in easy understandable terms to lay people, and to assess public perception and willingness to pay (WTP) for groundwater protection, a groundwater quality ladder was developed based on the threshold values proposed in the GWD. The ladder reflects the different use and non-use values of groundwater quality improvements and accounts for natural background levels of chemicals in groundwater. The large-scale survey targets a representative sample of residents in the AQA. Split samples are used to assess the impact of framing groundwater protection in a broader regional water resources management context, giving part of the sample furthermore time to think about their WTP for the different groundwater threshold levels. Although use values dominate public WTP for the different groundwater threshold values, substantial non-use values are also found. Public WTP is considerable, varying between 20 and 30% over and above the current water bill residents pay for safe drinking water quality and natural background levels, respectively. Giving respondents time to think and framing groundwater protection as part of the improvement of all water resources in the region results in a more conservative WTP estimate. Public WTP is higher for better informed private well owners in rural areas. Aggregated across the entire aquifer the estimated total economic value is 1.5 million euros annually for safe drinking water quality and 3.5 million euros annually for groundwater containing natural background levels only.</abstract>
			<url hash="a6afbbae">G18-23001</url>
			<pages>292-304</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.01.041</doi>
			<bibkey>Brouwer-2018-Economic</bibkey>
			<project>prj2</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="24">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Forests, Volume 9, Issue 4</booktitle>
			<publisher>MDPI AG</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Temporal Patterns of Wildfire Activity in Areas of Contrasting Human Influence in the Canadian Boreal Forest</title>
			<author>
				<first>Rodrigo</first>
				<last>Campos-Ruiz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Marc‐André</first>
				<last>Parisien</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mike</first>
				<last>Flannigan</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>The influence of humans on the boreal forest has altered the temporal and spatial patterns of wildfire activity through modification of the physical environment and through fire management for the protection of human and economic values. Wildfires are actively suppressed in areas with higher human influence, but, paradoxically, these areas have more numerous ignitions than low-impact ones because of the high rates of human-ignited fires, especially during the springtime. The aim of this study is to evaluate how humans have altered the temporal patterns of wildfire activity in the Canadian boreal forest by comparing two adjacent areas of low and high human influence, respectively: Wood Buffalo National Park (WBNP) and the Lower Athabasca Plains (LAP). We carried out Singular Spectrum Analysis to identify trends and cycles in wildfires from 1970 to 2015 for the two areas and examined their association with climate conditions. We found human influence to be reflected in wildfire activity in multiple ways: (1) by dampening (i.e., for area burned)—and even reversing (i.e., for the number of fires)—the increasing trends of fire activity usually associated with drier and warmer conditions; (2) by shifting the peak of fire activity from the summer to the spring; (3) by altering the fire-climate association; and (4) by exhibiting more recurrent ( 9 years).</abstract>
			<url hash="3b788317">G18-24001</url>
			<pages>159</pages>
			<doi>10.3390/f9040159</doi>
			<bibkey>Campos-Ruiz-2018-Temporal</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="25">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Earth System Science Data, Volume 10, Issue 3</booktitle>
			<publisher>Copernicus GmbH</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>The Cariboo Alpine Mesonet: sub-hourly hydrometeorological observations of British Columbia's Cariboo Mountains and surrounding area since 2006</title>
			<author>
				<first>Marco A.</first>
				<last>Hernández-Henríquez</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Aseem R.</first>
				<last>Sharma</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mark</first>
				<last>Taylor</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hadleigh D.</first>
				<last>Thompson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stephen J.</first>
				<last>Déry</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. This article presents the development of a sub-hourly database of hydrometeorological conditions collected in British Columbia's (BC's) Cariboo Mountains and surrounding area extending from 2006 to present. The Cariboo Alpine Mesonet (CAMnet) forms a network of 11 active hydrometeorological stations positioned at strategic locations across mid- to high elevations of the Cariboo Mountains. This mountain region spans 44 150 km2, forming the northern extension of the Columbia Mountains. Deep fjord lakes along with old-growth western redcedar and hemlock forests reside in the lower valleys, montane forests of Engelmann spruce, lodgepole pine and subalpine fir permeate the mid-elevations, while alpine tundra, glaciers and several large ice fields cover the higher elevations. The automatic weather stations typically measure air and soil temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, rainfall and snow depth at 15 min intervals. Additional measurements at some stations include shortwave and longwave radiation, near-surface air, skin, snow, or water temperature, and soil moisture, among others. Details on deployment sites, the instrumentation used and its precision, the collection and quality control process are provided. Instructions on how to access the database at Zenodo, an online public data repository, are also furnished (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1195043). Information on some of the challenges and opportunities encountered in maintaining continuous and homogeneous time series of hydrometeorological variables and remote field sites is provided. The paper also summarizes ongoing plans to expand CAMnet to better monitor atmospheric conditions in BC's mountainous terrain, efforts to push data online in (near-)real time, availability of ancillary data and lessons learned thus far in developing this mesoscale network of hydrometeorological stations in the data-sparse Cariboo Mountains.</abstract>
			<url hash="1acdb5c8">G18-25002</url>
			<pages>1655-1672</pages>
			<doi>10.5194/essd-10-1655-2018</doi>
			<bibkey>Hernández-Henríquez-2018-The</bibkey>
			<project>prj36</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="26">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>2018 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)</booktitle>
			<publisher>IEEE</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Optimized Storing of Workflow Outputs through Mining Association Rules</title>
			<author>
				<first>Debasish</first>
				<last>Chakroborti</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Manishankar</first>
				<last>Mondal</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Banani</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chanchal K.</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kevin A.</first>
				<last>Schneider</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Workflows are frequently built and used to systematically process large datasets using workflow management systems (WMS). A workflow (i.e., a pipeline) is a finite set of processing modules organized as a series of steps that is applied to an input dataset to produce a desired output. In a workflow management system, users generally create workflows manually for their own investigations. However, workflows can sometimes be lengthy and the constituent processing modules might often be computationally expensive. In this situation, it would be beneficial if users could reuse intermediate stage results generated by previously executed workflows for executing their current workflow.In this paper, we propose a novel technique based on association rule mining for suggesting which intermediate stage results from a workflow that a user is going to execute should be stored for reusing in the future. We call our proposed technique, RISP (Recommending Intermediate States from Pipelines). According to our investigation on hundreds of workflows from two scientific workflow management systems, our proposed technique can efficiently suggest intermediate state results to store for future reuse. The results that are suggested to be stored have a high reuse frequency. Moreover, for creating around 51% of the entire pipelines, we can reuse results suggested by our technique. Finally, we can achieve a considerable gain (74% gain) in execution time by reusing intermediate results stored by the suggestions provided by our proposed technique. We believe that our technique (RISP) has the potential to have a significant positive impact on Big-Data systems, because it can considerably reduce execution time of the workflows through appropriate reuse of intermediate state results, and hence, can improve the performance of the systems.</abstract>
			<url hash="91714b9c">G18-26001</url>
			<doi>10.1109/bigdata.2018.8622351</doi>
			<bibkey>Chakroborti-2018-Optimized</bibkey>
			<project>prj8</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="27">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Forest Ecology and Management, Volume 410</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Carbon, water and energy exchange dynamics of a young pine plantation forest during the initial fourteen years of growth</title>
			<author>
				<first>Felix C.C.</first>
				<last>Chan</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. Altaf</first>
				<last>Arain</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Myroslava</first>
				<last>Khomik</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jason</first>
				<last>Brodeur</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthias</first>
				<last>Peichl</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Natalia</first>
				<last>Restrepo‐Coupe</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Robin</first>
				<last>Thorne</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Eric</first>
				<last>Beamesderfer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Shawn</first>
				<last>McKenzie</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bing</first>
				<last>Xu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Holly</first>
				<last>Croft</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. R.</first>
				<last>Pejam</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Janelle</first>
				<last>Trant</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michelle</first>
				<last>Kula</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Rachel A.</first>
				<last>Skubel</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract This study presents the energy, water, and carbon (C) flux dynamics of a young afforested temperate white pine (Pinus strobus L.) forest in southern Ontario, Canada during the initial fourteen years (2003–2016) of establishment. Energy fluxes, namely, net radiation (Rn), latent heat (LE), and sensible heat (H) flux increased over time, due to canopy development. Annual values of ground heat flux (G) peaked in 2007 and then gradually declined in response to canopy closure. The forest became a consistent C-sink only 5 years after establishment owing in part to low respiratory fluxes from the former agricultural, sandy soils with low residual soil organic matter. Mean annual values of gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration (RE), and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) ranged from 494 to 1913, 515 to 1774 and −126 to 216 g C m−2 year−1 respectively, over the study period. Annual evapotranspiration (ET) values ranged from 328 to 429 mm year−1 over the same period. Water use efficiency (WUE) increased with stand age with a mean WUE value of 3.92 g C kg−1 H2O from 2008 to 2016. Multivariable linear regression analysis conducted using observed data suggested that the overall, C and water dynamics of the stand were primarily driven by radiation and temperature, both of which explained 77%, 48%, 28%, and 76% of the variability in GEP, RE, NEP, and ET, respectively. However, late summer droughts, which were prevalent in the region, reduced NEP. The reduction in NEP was enhanced when summer drought events were accompanied by increased heat such as those in 2005, 2012 and 2016. This study contributes to our understanding of the energy, water and C dynamics of afforested temperate conifer plantations and how these forests may respond to changing climate conditions during the crucial initial stage of their life cycle. Our findings also demonstrate the potential of pine plantation stands to sequester atmospheric CO2 in eastern North America.</abstract>
			<url hash="29cd2cf9">G18-27001</url>
			<pages>12-26</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.foreco.2017.12.024</doi>
			<bibkey>Chan-2018-Carbon,</bibkey>
			<project>prj41</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="28">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Ecohydrology, Volume 11, Issue 7</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Remote sensing of ecosystem trajectories as a proxy indicator for watershed water balance</title>
			<author>
				<first>L.</first>
				<last>Chasmer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>K. J.</first>
				<last>Devito</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chris</first>
				<last>Hopkinson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Richard M.</first>
				<last>Petrone</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Ecosystem trajectories are inextricably linked to hydrology; however, water availability is not easily observed within the landscape. The response of vegetation to soil water availability may provide an indicator of local hydrology and the resilience or sensitivity of ecosystems to long‐term changes in water balance. In this study, vegetation trajectories derived from Landsat Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index over a 22‐year period are used as an indicator of spatio‐temporal changes of watershed water balance and surface water storage within 6 proximal watersheds of the Boreal Plains ecozone of Alberta, Canada. The interactions between hydrology, topography, geology, and land cover type are examined as they relate to vegetation change.</abstract>
			<url hash="71ae3caf">G18-28001</url>
			<pages>e1987</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/eco.1987</doi>
			<bibkey>Chasmer-2018-Remote</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="29">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Environmental Science &amp; Technology Letters, Volume 5, Issue 12</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Chemical Society (ACS)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Perfluorobutanesulfonate Exposure Causes Durable and Transgenerational Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota in Marine Medaka</title>
			<author>
				<first>Lianguo</first>
				<last>Chen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>James C.W.</first>
				<last>Lam</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chen-Yan</first>
				<last>Hu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mirabelle M.P.</first>
				<last>Tsui</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Qi</first>
				<last>Wang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John P.</first>
				<last>Giesy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Patrick T.I.</first>
				<last>Lam</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Environmental pollutants are known as disruptors of gut microbiota. However, it remains unexplored whether the dysbiosis of gut microbiota by pollutants is durable and transgenerational in teleost. Therefore, this study exposed eggs of marine medaka to environmentally realistic concentrations (0, 1.0, 2.9, or 9.5 μg/L) of perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), a persistent organic pollutant of emerging concern, until sexual maturity. A proportion of F0 adults was dissected after exposure (F0-exposed). Remaining fish were depurated in clean seawater (F0-depurated). F1 offspring were also cultured in clean seawater for a complete life-cycle. Substantial amounts of PFBS were accumulated in F0-exposed intestines, while F1 intestines contained no PFBS. Significant alterations were observed in physiological activities of F0-exposed and F1 medaka. The gut microbial community in F0-exposed, F0-depurated, and F1 medaka were restructured in a concentration-dependent manner by PFBS exposure. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota ca...</abstract>
			<url hash="c9125bca">G18-29001</url>
			<pages>731-738</pages>
			<doi>10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00597</doi>
			<bibkey>Chen-2018-Perfluorobutanesulfonate</bibkey>
			<project>prj1</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="30">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 45, Issue 17</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Geophysical Union (AGU)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Temporal Dynamics of Aerodynamic Canopy Height Derived From Eddy Covariance Momentum Flux Data Across North American Flux Networks</title>
			<author>
				<first>Housen</first>
				<last>Chu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Dennis</first>
				<last>Baldocchi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>C.</first>
				<last>Poindexter</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michael</first>
				<last>Abraha</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ankur R.</first>
				<last>Desai</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gil</first>
				<last>Bohrer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. Altaf</first>
				<last>Arain</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Timothy J.</first>
				<last>Griffis</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Peter D.</first>
				<last>Blanken</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Thomas L.</first>
				<last>O’Halloran</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>R. Quinn</first>
				<last>Thomas</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Quan</first>
				<last>Zhang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sean P.</first>
				<last>Burns</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. M.</first>
				<last>Frank</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christian</first>
				<last>Dold</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Shannon</first>
				<last>Brown</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>T. Andrew</first>
				<last>Black</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christopher M.</first>
				<last>Gough</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>B. E.</first>
				<last>Law</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Xuhui</first>
				<last>Lee</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jiquan</first>
				<last>Chen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>David E.</first>
				<last>Reed</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>W. J.</first>
				<last>Massman</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kenneth L.</first>
				<last>Clark</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jerry L.</first>
				<last>Hatfield</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John H.</first>
				<last>Prueger</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Rosvel</first>
				<last>Bracho</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John M.</first>
				<last>Baker</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Timothy A.</first>
				<last>Martin</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Author(s): Chu, H; Baldocchi, DD; Poindexter, C; Abraha, M; Desai, AR; Bohrer, G; Arain, MA; Griffis, T; Blanken, PD; O'Halloran, TL; Thomas, RQ; Zhang, Q; Burns, SP; Frank, JM; Christian, D; Brown, S; Black, TA; Gough, CM; Law, BE; Lee, X; Chen, J; Reed, DE; Massman, WJ; Clark, K; Hatfield, J; Prueger, J; Bracho, R; Baker, JM; Martin, TA | Abstract: Aerodynamic canopy height (ha) is the effective height of vegetation canopy for its influence on atmospheric fluxes and is a key parameter of surface-atmosphere coupling. However, methods to estimate ha from data are limited. This synthesis evaluates the applicability and robustness of the calculation of ha from eddy covariance momentum-flux data. At 69 forest sites, annual ha robustly predicted site-to-site and year-to-year differences in canopy heights (R2n=n0.88, 111nsite-years). At 23 cropland/grassland sites, weekly ha successfully captured the dynamics of vegetation canopies over growing seasons (R2ngn0.70 in 74nsite-years). Our results demonstrate the potential of flux-derived ha determination for tracking the seasonal, interannual, and/or decadal dynamics of vegetation canopies including growth, harvest, land use change, and disturbance. The large-scale and time-varying ha derived from flux networks worldwide provides a new benchmark for regional and global Earth system models and satellite remote sensing of canopy structure.</abstract>
			<url hash="897a3df0">G18-30001</url>
			<pages>9275-9287</pages>
			<doi>10.1029/2018gl079306</doi>
			<bibkey>Chu-2018-Temporal</bibkey>
			<project>prj41</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="31">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Agronomy Journal, Volume 110, Issue 3</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Nutrient Release from Living and Terminated Cover Crops Under Variable Freeze–Thaw Cycles</title>
			<author>
				<first>James R.</first>
				<last>Cober</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Merrin L.</first>
				<last>Macrae</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Laura L. Van</first>
				<last>Eerd</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Agronomy Journa l • Volume 110 , I s sue 3 • 2018 Elevated levels of P transported into aquatic ecosystems from agricultural watersheds have contributed to the eutrophication of surface water bodies in Canada as well as freshwater habitats around the world (Smith et al., 1998; Schindler et al., 2012; Michalak et al., 2013; Jarvie et al., 2017). In salt water environments, eutrophication has been linked to anthropogenic N inputs (Gruber and Galloway, 2008; Congreves and Van Eerd, 2015). Eutrophication is problematic as it impacts both ecosystem and human health (Anderson et al., 2002), which reduces the recreational value of lakes as well as their potential use as drinking water sources (Smith et al., 1998, 2015). Consequently, there is significant pressure to reduce the export of P and N from surrounding watersheds (International Joint Commission, 2014). Although researchers and environmental managers have attempted to manage nutrient export for decades (Sharpley et al., 1994), the occurrence of large algal blooms has increased due to a combination of climate drivers as well as the large intensity of agricultural land use in surrounding watersheds (e.g. Michalak et al., 2013; Smith et al., 2015). There is also evidence that the elevated P loads from agricultural systems may be an unintended consequence of conservation practices (Jarvie et al., 2017). Thus, an improved understanding of the efficacy of best management practices (BMPs) is needed, and potential unintended consequences must be identified and quantified. The use of CC is a conservation practice that is growing in popularity (Wayman et al., 2016; Statistics Canada, 2017). Cover crops are plants grown by farmers for their benefits to the soil, environment, and future crop yields (Snapp et al., 2005; Blanco-Canqui et al., 2015). Cover crops have the benefit of reducing particulate P losses associated with soil erosion; however, concern has been raised about their potential to release dissolved reactive P (Tukey, 1970; Sharpley et al., 1994; Sturite et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2014). Phosphorus loss through leaching is typically minor; however, certain conditions and mechanical processes have been found to increase the concentration of nutrients in leachate (Tukey and Morgan, 1963; Bechmann et al., 2005; Lozier and Macrae, 2017; Lozier et al., 2017). Of particular importance for northern temperate regions is the effect of freezing on P release from plants, Nutrient Release from Living and Terminated Cover Crops Under Variable Freeze–Thaw Cycles</abstract>
			<url hash="31c65a95">G18-31001</url>
			<pages>1036-1045</pages>
			<doi>10.2134/agronj2017.08.0449</doi>
			<bibkey>Cober-2018-Nutrient</bibkey>
			<project>prj2</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="32">
		<meta>
			<booktitle> </booktitle>
			<publisher>Copernicus GmbH</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Using Snowfall Intensity to Improve the Correction of Wind-Induced 
Undercatch in Solid Precipitation Measurements</title>
			<author>
				<first>Matteo</first>
				<last>Colli</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mattia</first>
				<last>Stagnaro</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Luca Giovanni</first>
				<last>Lanza</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Roy</first>
				<last>Rasmussen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Julie M.</first>
				<last>Thériault</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. Transfer functions are generally used to adjust for the wind-induced undercatch of solid precipitation measurements. These functions are derived based on the variation of the collection efficiency with wind speed for a particular type of gauge, either using field experiments or based on numerical simulation. Most studies use the wind speed alone, while others also include surface air temperature and/or precipitation type to try to reduce the scatter of the residuals at a given wind speed. In this study, we propose the use of the measured precipitation intensity to improve the effectiveness of the transfer function. This is achieved by applying optimized curve fitting to field measurements from the Marshall field-test site (CO, USA). The use of a non-gradient optimization algorithm ensures optimal binning of experimental data according to the parameter under test. The results reveal that using precipitation intensity as an explanatory variable significantly reduce the scatter of the residuals. The scatter reduction as indicated by the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is confirmed by the analysis of the recent quality controlled data from the WMO/SPICE campaign, showing that this approach can be applied to a variety of locations and catching-type gauges. We demonstrate the physical basis of the relationship between the collection efficiency and the measured precipitation intensity, due to the correlation of large particles with high intensities, by conducting a Computational Fluid-Dynamics (CFD) simulation. We use a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes SST k-ω model coupled with a Lagrangian particle-tracking model. Results validate the hypothesis of using the measured precipitation intensity as a key parameter to improve the correction of wind-induced undercatch. Findings have the potential to improve operational measurements since no additional instrument other than a wind sensor is required to apply the correction. This improves the accuracy of precipitation measurements without the additional cost of ancillary instruments such as particle counters.</abstract>
			<url hash="2373f57b">G18-32001</url>
			<doi>10.5194/hess-2018-447</doi>
			<bibkey>Colli-2018-Using</bibkey>
			<project>prj36</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>Environmental and taxonomic controls of carbon and oxygen stable isotope composition in &lt;i&gt;Sphagnum&lt;/i&gt; across broad climatic and geographic ranges</title>
			<author>
				<first>Gustaf</first>
				<last>Granath</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Håkan</first>
				<last>Rydin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jennifer L.</first>
				<last>Baltzer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Fia</first>
				<last>Bengtsson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nicholas</first>
				<last>Boncek</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Luca</first>
				<last>Bragazza</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Zhao‐Jun</first>
				<last>Bu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>S. J. M.</first>
				<last>Caporn</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ellen</first>
				<last>Dorrepaal</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>О. В.</first>
				<last>Галанина</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mariusz</first>
				<last>Gałka</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Anna</first>
				<last>Ganeva</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>David P.</first>
				<last>Gillikin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Irina</first>
				<last>Goia</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>N. D.</first>
				<last>Goncharova</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michal</first>
				<last>Hájek</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Akira</first>
				<last>Haraguchi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lorna I.</first>
				<last>Harris</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Elyn</first>
				<last>Humphreys</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Martin</first>
				<last>Jiroušek</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Katarzyna</first>
				<last>Kajukało</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Edgar</first>
				<last>Karofeld</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Natalia G.</first>
				<last>Koronatova</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Natalia P.</first>
				<last>Kosykh</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mariusz</first>
				<last>Lamentowicz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Е. Д.</first>
				<last>Лапшина</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Juul</first>
				<last>Limpens</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Maiju</first>
				<last>Linkosalmi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jinze</first>
				<last>Ma</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Marguerite</first>
				<last>Mauritz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tariq Muhammad</first>
				<last>Munir</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Susan M.</first>
				<last>Natali</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Rayna</first>
				<last>Natcheva</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Maria​</first>
				<last>Noskova</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Richard J.</first>
				<last>Payne</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kyle</first>
				<last>Pilkington</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sean M.</first>
				<last>Robinson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bjorn J. M.</first>
				<last>Robroek</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Line</first>
				<last>Rochefort</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>David</first>
				<last>Singer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hans K.</first>
				<last>Stenøien</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Eeva‐Stiina</first>
				<last>Tuittila</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kai</first>
				<last>Vellak</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Anouk</first>
				<last>Verheyden</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. M.</first>
				<last>Waddington</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Steven K.</first>
				<last>Rice</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. Rain-fed peatlands are dominated by peat mosses (Sphagnum sp.), which for their growth depend on elements from the atmosphere. As the isotopic composition of carbon (12,13C) and oxygen (16,18O) of these Sphagnum mosses are affected by environmental conditions, the dead Sphagnum tissue accumulated in peat constitutes a potential long-term archive that can be used for climate reconstruction. However, there is a lack of adequate understanding of how isotope values are influenced by environmental conditions, which restricts their current use as environmental and palaeoenvironmental indicators. Here we tested (i) to what extent C and O isotopic variation in living tissue of Sphagnum is species-specific and associated with local hydrological gradients, climatic gradients (evapotranspiration, temperature, precipitation), and elevation; (ii) if the C isotopic signature can be a proxy for net primary productivity (NPP) of Sphagnum; and (iii) to what extent Sphagnum tissue δ18O tracks the δ18O isotope signature of precipitation. In total, we analysed 337 samples from 93 sites across North America and Eurasia using two important peat-forming Sphagnum species (S. magellanicum, S. fuscum) common to the Holartic realm. There were differences in δ13C values between species. For S. magellanicum δ13C decreased with increasing height above the water table (HWT, R2 = 17 %) and was positively correlated to productivity (R2 = 7 %). Together these two variables explained 46 % of the between-site variation in δ13C values. For S. fuscum, productivity was the only significant predictor of δ13C (total R2 = 6 %). For δ18O values, ca. 90 % of the variation was found between sites. Globally-modelled annual δ18O values in precipitation explained 69% of the between-site variation in tissue δ18O. S. magellanicum showed lower δ18O enrichment than S. fuscum (−0.83 ‰ lower) . Elevation and climatic variables were weak predictors of tissue δ18O values after controlling for δ18O values of the precipitation. To summarise, our study provides evidence for (a) good predictability of tissue δ18O values from modelled annual δ18O values in precipitation, and (b) the possibility to relate tissue δ13C values to HWT and NPP, but this appears to be species-dependent. These results suggest that isotope composition can be used at a large scale for climatic reconstructions but that such models should be species-specific.</abstract>
			<url hash="ba7aa4c1">G18-32002</url>
			<doi>10.5194/bg-2018-120</doi>
			<bibkey>Granath-2018-Environmental</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="3">
			<title>Combined Impacts of ENSO and MJO on the 2015 Growing Season Drought over the Canadian Prairies</title>
			<author>
				<first>Zhenhua</first>
				<last>Li</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yanping</first>
				<last>Li</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Barrie</first>
				<last>Bonsal</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>A. H.</first>
				<last>Manson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lucia</first>
				<last>Scaff</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. Warm-season precipitation over the Canadian Prairies plays a crucial role in activities in environment and society and has particular importance to agricultural production over the region. This research investigates how a warm season precipitation deficit over the Canadian Prairies is related to tropical Pacific forcing in the early summer 2015 drought. The significant deficit of precipitation in May and June of 2015 were coincident with a warm phase of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and a negative phase of Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO)-4 index as they both favor a positive geopotential height anomaly in western Canada. Further investigation during the instrumental record period (1979–2015) shows that the warm-season precipitation in the Canadian Prairies and the corresponding atmospheric circulation anomalies over western Canada teleconnected with the lower boundary conditions in the tropical western Pacific. MJO may play a crucial role in determining the summer precipitation anomaly in the western Canadian Prairie when equatorial central Pacific is warmer than normal (NINO4 &gt; 0) and MJO is more active. The mechanism of this teleconnection may be due to the propagation of stationary Rossby wave that is generated in the MJO-4 index region. When the tropical convection around MJO-4 index regions (western tropical Pacific, centered over 140 E) is more active than normal when NINO4 &gt; 0, a Rossby wave train originates from western Pacific and propagates into the midlatitude North America causing an anomalous ridge in the upper level over western Canada.</abstract>
			<url hash="cd7d9457">G18-32003</url>
			<doi>10.5194/hess-2018-56</doi>
			<bibkey>Li-2018-Combined</bibkey>
			<project>prj5</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="4">
			<title>Effects of midwinter snowmelt on runoff generation and
groundwater recharge in the Canadian prairies</title>
			<author>
				<first>Igor</first>
				<last>Pavlovskii</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Masaki</first>
				<last>Hayashi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Daniel</first>
				<last>Itenfisu</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. Snowpack accumulation and depletion are important elements of the hydrological cycle in the prairies. The surface runoff generated during snowmelt is transformed into streamflow or fills numerous depressions driving the focused recharge of groundwater in this dry setting. The snowpack in the prairies can undergo several cycles of accumulation and depletion in a winter. The timing of the melt affects the mechanisms of snowpack depletion and their hydrological implications. The effects of midwinter melt were investigated at three sites in the Canadian prairies. Unlike net radiation-driven snowmelt during spring melt, turbulent sensible heat fluxes were the dominant source of energy inputs for midwinter melt occurring in the period with low solar radiation inputs. Midwinter melt events had lower runoff ratios than subsequent spring melt events and had strong impacts on the timing of the focussed recharge. Remote sensing data have shown that midwinter melt events regularly occur under the present climate throughout the Canadian prairies.</abstract>
			<url hash="531901f4">G18-32004</url>
			<doi>10.5194/hess-2018-423</doi>
			<bibkey>Pavlovskii-2018-Effects</bibkey>
			<project>prj33</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="5">
			<title>Historical drought patterns over Canada and their relation to teleconnections</title>
			<author>
				<first>Zilefac Elvis</first>
				<last>Asong</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>H. S.</first>
				<last>Wheater</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Barrie</first>
				<last>Bonsal</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Saman</first>
				<last>Razavi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sopan</first>
				<last>Kurkute</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. Drought is a recurring extreme climate event and among the most costly natural disasters in the world. This is particularly true over Canada, where drought is both a frequent and damaging phenomenon with impacts on regional water resources, agriculture, industry, aquatic ecosystems and health. However, nation-wide drought assessments are currently lacking and impacted by limited ground-based observations. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of historical droughts over the whole of Canada, including the role of large-scale teleconnections. Drought events are characterized by the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) over various temporal scales (1, 3, 6, and 12 consecutive months, 6 months from April to September, and 12 months from October to September) applied to different gridded monthly data sets for the period 1950–2013. The Mann Kendall test, Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function, Continuous Wavelet Transform, and Wavelet Coherence analyses are used, respectively, to investigate the trend, spatiotemporal patterns, periodicity, and teleconnectivity of drought events. Results indicate that southern (northern) parts of the country experienced significant trends towards drier (wetter) conditions although substantial variability exists. Two spatially well-defined regions with different temporal evolution of droughts were identified―the Canadian Prairies and Northern-central Canada. The analyses also revealed the presence of a dominant periodicity of between 8–32 months in the Prairie region, and 8–40 months in the Northern central region. These cycles of low-frequency variability are found to be associated principally to the Pacific-North American (PNA) and Multivariate El Niño/Southern Oscillation Index (MEI) relative to other considered large-scale climate indices. This study is the first of its kind to identify dominant periodicities in drought variability over the whole of Canada in terms of when the drought events occur, the duration, and how often they do so.</abstract>
			<url hash="241e3162">G18-32005</url>
			<doi>10.5194/hess-2018-122</doi>
			<bibkey>Asong-Wheater-2018-Historical-drought</bibkey>
			<project>prj9</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="6">
			<title>The Cariboo Alpine Mesonet: Sub-hourly hydrometeorological 
observations of  British Columbia's Cariboo Mountains and 
surrounding area since 2006</title>
			<author>
				<first>Marco A.</first>
				<last>Hernández-Henríquez</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Aseem R.</first>
				<last>Sharma</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mark P.</first>
				<last>Taylor</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hadleigh D.</first>
				<last>Thompson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stephen J.</first>
				<last>Déry</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. This article presents the development of a sub-hourly database of hydrometeorological conditions collected in British Columbia's Cariboo Mountains and surrounding area extending from 2006 to present. The Cariboo Alpine Mesonet (CAMnet) forms a network of 11 active hydrometeorological stations positioned at strategic locations across mid- to high elevations of the Cariboo Mountains. This mountain range spans 44,150 km2 forming the northern extension of the Columbia Mountains. Deep fjord lakes along with old-growth redcedar and hemlock forests reside in the lower valleys, montane forests of Engelmann spruce, lodgepole pine and subalpine fir permeate the mid-elevations while alpine tundra, glaciers and several large icefields cover the higher elevations. The automatic weather stations typically measure air and soil temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, rainfall, and snow depth at 15 minute intervals. Additional measurements at some stations include shortwave and longwave radiation, near-surface air, skin, snow or water temperature, and soil moisture among others. Details on deployment sites, the instrumentation used and its precision, the collection and quality control process are provided. Instructions on how to access the database at Zenodo, an online public data repository, are also furnished (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1195043). Information on some of the challenges and opportunities encountered in maintaining continuous and homogeneous time series of hydrometeorological variables and remote field sites is provided. The paper also summarizes ongoing plans to expand CAMnet to better monitor atmospheric conditions in BC's mountainous terrain, efforts to push data online in (near)real-time, availability of ancillary data, and lessons learned thus far in developing this mesoscale network of hydrometeorological stations in the data-sparse Cariboo Mountains.</abstract>
			<url hash="bd1760d8">G18-32006</url>
			<doi>10.5194/essd-2018-45</doi>
			<bibkey>Hernández-Henríquez-Sharma-2018-The-Cariboo</bibkey>
			<project>prj28</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="33">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, Volume 123, Issue 2</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Geophysical Union (AGU)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>The Influence of Shallow Taliks on Permafrost Thaw and Active Layer Dynamics in Subarctic Canada</title>
			<author>
				<first>Ryan F.</first>
				<last>Connon</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Élise</first>
				<last>Devoie</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Masaki</first>
				<last>Hayashi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tyler</first>
				<last>Veness</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>William L.</first>
				<last>Quinton</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Measurements of active layer thickness (ALT) are typically taken at the end of summer, a time synonymous with maximum thaw depth. By definition, the active layer is the layer above permafrost that freezes and thaws annually. This study, conducted in peatlands of subarctic Canada, in the zone of thawing discontinuous permafrost, demonstrates that the entire thickness of ground atop permafrost does not always refreeze over winter. In these instances, a talik exists between the permafrost and active layer, and ALT must therefore be measured by the depth of refreeze at the end of winter. As talik thickness increases at the expense of the underlying permafrost, ALT is shown to simultaneously decrease. This suggests that the active layer has a maximum thickness that is controlled by the amount of energy lost from the ground to the atmosphere during winter. The taliks documented in this study are relatively thin (&lt;2 m) and exist on forested peat plateaus. The presence of taliks greatly affects the stability of the underlying permafrost. Vertical permafrost thaw was found to be significantly greater in areas with taliks (0.07 m year−1) than without (0.01 m year−1). Furthermore, the spatial distribution of areas with taliks increased between 2011 and 2015 from 20% to 48%, a phenomenon likely caused by an anomalously large ground heat flux input in 2012. Rapid talik development and accelerated permafrost thaw indicates that permafrost loss may exhibit a nonlinear response to warming temperatures. Documentation of refreeze depths and talik development is needed across the circumpolar north.</abstract>
			<url hash="9bcf921e">G18-33001</url>
			<pages>281-297</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/2017jf004469</doi>
			<bibkey>Connon-2018-The</bibkey>
			<project>prj10</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="34">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Hydrometeorology, Volume 19, Issue 10</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Meteorological Society</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Challenges in Modeling Turbulent Heat Fluxes to Snowpacks in Forest Clearings</title>
			<author>
				<first>Jonathan</first>
				<last>Conway</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John W.</first>
				<last>Pomeroy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Warren</first>
				<last>Helgason</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nicholas</first>
				<last>Kinar</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Forest clearings are common features of evergreen forests and produce snowpack accumulation and melt differing from that in adjacent forests and open terrain. This study has investigated the challenges in specifying the turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat to snowpacks in forest clearings. The snowpack in two forest clearings in the Canadian Rockies was simulated using a one-dimensional (1D) snowpack model. A trade-off was found between optimizing against measured snow surface temperature or snowmelt when choosing how to specify the turbulent fluxes. Schemes using the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory tended to produce negatively biased surface temperature, while schemes that enhanced turbulent fluxes, to reduce the surface temperature bias, resulted in too much melt. Uncertainty estimates from Monte Carlo experiments showed that no realistic parameter set could successfully remove biases in both surface temperature and melt. A simple scheme that excludes atmospheric stability correction was required to successfully simulate surface temperature under low wind speed conditions. Nonturbulent advective fluxes and/or nonlocal sources of turbulence are thought to account for the maintenance of heat exchange in low-wind conditions. The simulation of snowmelt was improved by allowing enhanced latent heat fluxes during low-wind conditions. Caution is warranted when snowpack models are optimized on surface temperature, as model tuning may compensate for deficiencies in conceptual and numerical models of radiative, conductive, and turbulent heat exchange at the snow surface and within the snowpack. Such model tuning could have large impacts on the melt rate and timing of the snow-free transition in simulations of forest clearings within hydrological and meteorological models.</abstract>
			<url hash="0618aaa7">G18-34001</url>
			<pages>1599-1616</pages>
			<doi>10.1175/jhm-d-18-0050.1</doi>
			<bibkey>Conway-2018-Challenges</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>Simulation of Past Changes in the Austrian Snow Cover 1948–2009</title>
			<author>
				<first>Thomas</first>
				<last>Marke</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Florian</first>
				<last>Hanzer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Marc</first>
				<last>Olefs</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ulrich</first>
				<last>Strasser</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract A distributed snow model is applied to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of the Austrian snow cover at 1 km × 1 km spatial and daily temporal resolution for the period 1948–2009. After a comprehensive model validation, changes in snow cover conditions are analyzed for all of Austria as well as for different Austrian subregions and elevation belts focusing on the change in snow cover days (SCDs). The comparison of SCDs for the period 1950–79 to those achieved for 1980–2009 for all of Austria shows a decrease in SCDs with a maximum of &gt;35 SCDs near Villach (Carinthia). The analysis of SCD changes in different subregions of Austria reveals mean changes between −11 and −15 days with highest absolute change in SCDs for southern Austria. Two decrease maxima could be identified in elevations of 500–2000 m MSL (between −13 and −18 SCDs depending on the subregion considered) and above 2500 m MSL (over −20 SCDs in the case of central Austria). The temporal distribution of SCD change in the Austrian subregions is characterized by a reduction of SCDs in midwinter and at the end of winter rather than by fewer SCDs in early winter. With respect to the temporal distribution of SCD change in different elevation belts, changes in elevations below 1000 m MSL are characterized by a distinct reduction of SCDs in January. With increasing elevation the maximum change in SCDs shifts toward the summer season, reaching a maximum decrease in the months of June–August above 2500 m MSL.</abstract>
			<url hash="4cac68a1">G18-4001</url>
			<pages>1529-1545</pages>
			<doi>10.1175/jhm-d-17-0245.1</doi>
			<bibkey>Marke-2018-Simulation</bibkey>
			<project>prj46</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="35">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Advances in Water Resources, Volume 122</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>A numerical model for the simulation of snowpack solute dynamics to capture runoff ionic pulses during snowmelt: The PULSE model</title>
			<author>
				<first>Diogo</first>
				<last>Costa</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John W.</first>
				<last>Pomeroy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>H. S.</first>
				<last>Wheater</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Early ionic pulse during spring snowmelt can account for a significant portion of the total annual nutrient load in seasonally snow-covered areas. Ionic pulses are a consequence of snow grain core to surface ion segregation during metamorphism, a process commonly referred to as ion exclusion. While numerous studies have provided quantitative measurements of this phenomenon, very few process-based mathematical models have been proposed for diagnostic and prognostic investigations. A few early modelling attempts have been successful in capturing this process assuming transport through porous media with variable porosity. However, this process is represented in models in ways that misalign with the mechanistic view of the process described in the literature. In this research, a process-based model is proposed that can simulated ionic pulses in runoff by emulating solute leaching from snow grains during melt and the subsequent vertical solute transport by meltwater through the snowpack. To facilitate its use without the need for snow-physics’ models, simplified alternative methods are proposed to estimate some of the variables required by the model. The model was applied to two regions, and a total of 4 study sites, that are subject to significantly different winter climatic and hydrological conditions. Comparison between observations and simulation results suggest that the model can capture well the overall snow melt runoff concentration pattern, including both the timing and magnitude of the early melt ionic pulse. The model enables the prediction of concentration profiles of the dry (snow) and liquid (wet) fractions within the snow matrix for the first time. Although there is a computational cost associated with the proposed modelling framework, this study demonstrates that it can provide more detailed information about the reallocation and transport of ions through snowpacks, which can ultimately be used to improve nutrient transport predictions during snowmelt.</abstract>
			<url hash="bea4cdc2">G18-35001</url>
			<pages>37-48</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.advwatres.2018.09.008</doi>
			<bibkey>Costa-2018-A</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="36">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 4</booktitle>
			<publisher>Copernicus GmbH</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Examining controls on peak annual streamflow and floods  in the Fraser River Basin of British Columbia</title>
			<author>
				<first>Charles L.</first>
				<last>Curry</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Francis W.</first>
				<last>Zwiers</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. The Fraser River Basin (FRB) of British Columbia is one of the largest and most important watersheds in western North America, and home to a rich diversity of biological species and economic assets that depend implicitly upon its extensive riverine habitats. The hydrology of the FRB is dominated by snow accumulation and melt processes, leading to a prominent annual peak streamflow invariably occurring in May–July. Nevertheless, while annual peak daily streamflow (APF) during the spring freshet in the FRB is historically well correlated with basin-averaged, 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE), there are numerous occurrences of anomalously large APF in below- or near-normal SWE years, some of which have resulted in damaging floods in the region. An imperfect understanding of which other climatic factors contribute to these anomalously large APFs hinders robust projections of their magnitude and frequency. We employ the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) process-based hydrological model driven by gridded observations to investigate the key controlling factors of anomalous APF events in the FRB and four of its subbasins that contribute nearly 70 % of the annual flow at Fraser-Hope. The relative influence of a set of predictors characterizing the interannual variability of rainfall, snowfall, snowpack (characterized by the annual maximum value, SWEmax), soil moisture and temperature on simulated APF at Hope (the main outlet of the FRB) and at the subbasin outlets is examined within a regression framework. The influence of large-scale climate modes of variability (the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation – ENSO) on APF magnitude is also assessed, and placed in context with these more localized controls. The results indicate that next to SWEmax (univariate Spearman correlation with APF of ρ^ = 0.64; 0.70 (observations; VIC simulation)), the snowmelt rate (ρ^ = 0.43 in VIC), the ENSO and PDO indices (ρ^ = −0.40; −0.41) and (ρ^ = −0.35; −0.38), respectively, and rate of warming subsequent to the date of SWEmax (ρ^ = 0.26; 0.38), are the most influential predictors of APF magnitude in the FRB and its subbasins. The identification of these controls on annual peak flows in the region may be of use in understanding seasonal predictions or future projected streamflow changes.</abstract>
			<url hash="ac11622c">G18-36001</url>
			<pages>2285-2309</pages>
			<doi>10.5194/hess-22-2285-2018</doi>
			<bibkey>Curry-2018-Examining</bibkey>
			<project>prj5</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="37">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Water, Volume 10, Issue 2</booktitle>
			<publisher>MDPI AG</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Sustainable Ice-Jam Flood Management for Socio-Economic and Socio-Ecological Systems</title>
			<author>
				<first>Apurba</first>
				<last>Das</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Maureen G.</first>
				<last>Reed</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Karl–Erich</first>
				<last>Lindenschmidt</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Ice jams are critical components of the hydraulic regimes of rivers in cold regions. In addition to contributing to the maintenance of wetland ecology, including aquatic animals and waterfowl, ice jams provide essential moisture and nutrient replenishment to perched lakes and ponds in northern inland deltas. However, river ice-jam flooding can have detrimental impacts on in-stream aquatic ecosystems, cause damage to property and infrastructure, and present hazards to riverside communities. In order to maintain sustainable communities and ecosystems, ice-jam flooding must be both mitigated and promoted. This study reviews various flood management strategies used worldwide, and points to the knowledge gaps in these strategies. The main objective of the paper is to provide a framework for a sustainable ice-jam flood management strategy in order to better protect riverine socio-economic and socio-ecological systems. Sustainable flood management must be a carefully adopted and integrated strategy that includes both economic and ecological perspectives in order to mitigate ice-jam flooding in riverside socio-economic systems, while at the same time promoting ice-jam flooding of riverine socio-ecological systems such as inland deltas.</abstract>
			<url hash="14ad0549">G18-37001</url>
			<pages>135</pages>
			<doi>10.3390/w10020135</doi>
			<bibkey>Das-2018-Sustainable</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="38">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Agricultural Water Management, Volume 208</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Current inventory approach overestimates the effect of irrigated crop management on soil-derived greenhouse gas emissions in the semi-arid Canadian Prairies</title>
			<author>
				<first>Cody Lee</first>
				<last>David</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>R.</first>
				<last>Lemke</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Warren</first>
				<last>Helgason</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Richard E.</first>
				<last>Farrell</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural soils in the Canadian Prairie region are generally low and, due to dry, well aerated soil conditions, can be quite variable. Compared to dryland (rainfed) crop production, irrigated cropping has potential to contribute greater quantities of soil derived nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) to the atmosphere as producers target higher yields by minimizing soil moisture limitations and applying greater amounts of nitrogen fertilizers. However, the actual GHG dynamics from irrigated soils in this region are not well understood as there have been few field-based studies in the semi-arid prairies of western Canada. The goal of this study was to identify how emissions of soil derived N2O, CO2, and CH4 are influenced by changes in soil temperature, water status, and nitrogen rates brought about by irrigated crop management. This was achieved through continuous, in-situ monitoring of soil conditions and chamber-based measurements of soil GHG flux. The most notable change in soil conditions brought about by irrigation was elevated moisture levels, which appeared to influence the flux dynamics of all three agricultural greenhouse gases—specifically, a reduction in CH4 uptake and periodic increases in CO2 and N2O emissions. Despite the reduced soil moisture limitation, annual N2O emissions from the irrigated cropping system were much lower than those calculated using the current Canadian National GHG Inventory Reporting. This suggests that annual emissions are limited more by N availability rather than moisture deficits, as the current method for emissions accounting assumes. Consequently, our results indicate that emissions from irrigated cropping systems in the semi-arid Canadian Prairies are overestimated by the current inventory approach. Moreover, because irrigated crop production involves more than just the application of water, our results demonstrate that a more systems-oriented approach to GHG accounting is required to capture the combined effects of water-soil-crop management on GHG emissions from irrigated cropping systems.</abstract>
			<url hash="4cce151f">G18-38001</url>
			<pages>19-32</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.agwat.2018.06.006</doi>
			<bibkey>David-2018-Current</bibkey>
			<project>prj2</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="39">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Ecohydrology, Volume 11, Issue 5</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Potential influence of nutrient availability along a hillslope: Peatland gradient on aspen recovery following fire</title>
			<author>
				<first>Midori</first>
				<last>Depante</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Richard M.</first>
				<last>Petrone</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>K. J.</first>
				<last>Devito</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nicholas</first>
				<last>Kettridge</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Merrin L.</first>
				<last>Macrae</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Carl</first>
				<last>Mendoza</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. M.</first>
				<last>Waddington</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>The Boreal Plains (BP) of Western Canada have been exposed to increasing disturbance by wildfire and host a mixture of upland‐wetland‐pond complexes with substantial quantities of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) throughout the terrestrial areas. The ability of these tree species to regenerate within both upland and wetland areas of the BP following wildfire is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of fire on nutrient dynamics in soil and water in peatlands and forested landscapes in the BP and relate this to aspen regeneration. Nutrient concentrations, nutrient supply rates, and net nutrient mineralization rates were determined in burned and unburned sections of a peatland and forest and compared with the regeneration of aspen. NO3−, NH4+, and P varied spatially throughout the landscape, and differences were observed between peatland and upland areas. In general, differences in nutrient dynamics were not observed between burned and unburned areas, with the exception of P. Nutrient and growth data suggest that aspen do not require nutrient‐rich conditions for regeneration and instead relied on forest litter to satisfy nutrient demands. Although the peatlands contained high nutrients, aspen did not flourish in the combination of anoxic and aerobic organic‐rich soils present in this area. Although aspen may use peat water and nutrients through their rooting zones, peatlands are unsuitable for aspen re‐establishment in the long‐term. However, the combination of abundant nutrients in surface mineral soils in peat margins may indicate the vulnerability of margins to upland transformations in later successional stages.</abstract>
			<url hash="f472727a">G18-39001</url>
			<pages>e1955</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/eco.1955</doi>
			<bibkey>Depante-2018-Potential</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>Minor contribution of overstorey transpiration to landscape evapotranspiration in boreal permafrost peatlands</title>
			<author>
				<first>Rebecca K.</first>
				<last>Warren</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christoforos</first>
				<last>Pappas</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Manuel</first>
				<last>Helbig</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>L.</first>
				<last>Chasmer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Aaron</first>
				<last>Berg</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jennifer L.</first>
				<last>Baltzer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>William L.</first>
				<last>Quinton</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Oliver</first>
				<last>Sonnentag</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of the water cycle, whereby accurate partitioning of ET into evaporation and transpiration provides important information about the intrinsically coupled carbon, water, and energy fluxes. Currently, global estimates of partitioned evaporative and transpiration fluxes remain highly uncertain, especially for high‐latitude ecosystems where measurements are scarce. Forested peat plateaus underlain by permafrost and surrounded by permafrost‐free wetlands characterize approximately 60% (7.0 × 107 km2) of Canadian peatlands. In this study, 22 Picea mariana (black spruce) individuals, the most common tree species of the North American boreal forest, were instrumented with sap flow sensors within the footprint of an eddy covariance tower measuring ET from a forest–wetland mosaic landscape. Sap flux density (JS), together with remote sensing data and in situ measurements of canopy structure, was used to upscale tree‐level JS to overstorey transpiration (TBS). Black spruce trees growing in nutrient‐poor permafrost peat soils were found to have lower mean JS than those growing in mineral soils. Overall, TBS contributed less than 1% to landscape ET. Climate‐change‐induced forest loss and the expansion of wetlands may further minimize the contributions of TBS to ET and increase the contribution of standing water.</abstract>
			<url hash="6d7b23c0">G18-39002</url>
			<pages>e1975</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/eco.1975</doi>
			<bibkey>Warren-2018-Minor</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="40">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Environmental Research Letters, Volume 13, Issue 2</booktitle>
			<publisher>IOP Publishing</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Missing pieces to modeling the Arctic-Boreal puzzle</title>
			<author>
				<first>Joshua B.</first>
				<last>Fisher</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>D. J.</first>
				<last>Hayes</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christopher R.</first>
				<last>Schwalm</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>D. N.</first>
				<last>Huntzinger</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Eric</first>
				<last>Stofferahn</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kevin</first>
				<last>Schaefer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yiqi</first>
				<last>Luo</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stan D.</first>
				<last>Wullschleger</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Scott J.</first>
				<last>Goetz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Charles E.</first>
				<last>Miller</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>P. C.</first>
				<last>Griffith</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sarah</first>
				<last>Chadburn</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Abhishek</first>
				<last>Chatterjee</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Philippe</first>
				<last>Ciais</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Thomas A.</first>
				<last>Douglas</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hélène</first>
				<last>Genet</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Akihiko</first>
				<last>Ito</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>C. S. R.</first>
				<last>Neigh</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Benjamin</first>
				<last>Poulter</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Brendan M.</first>
				<last>Rogers</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Oliver</first>
				<last>Sonnentag</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hanqin</first>
				<last>Tian</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Weile</first>
				<last>Wang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yongkang</first>
				<last>Xue</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Zong‐Liang</first>
				<last>Yang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ning</first>
				<last>Zeng</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Zhen</first>
				<last>Zhang</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Author(s): Fisher, JB; Hayes, DJ; Schwalm, CR; Huntzinger, DN; Stofferahn, E; Schaefer, K; Luo, Y; Wullschleger, SD; Goetz, S; Miller, CE; Griffith, P; Chadburn, S; Chatterjee, A; Ciais, P; Douglas, TA; Genet, H; Ito, A; Neigh, CSR; Poulter, B; Rogers, BM; Sonnentag, O; Tian, H; Wang, W; Xue, Y; Yang, ZL; Zeng, N; Zhang, Z | Abstract: NASA has launched the decade-long Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE). While the initial phases focus on field and airborne data collection, early integration with modeling activities is important to benefit future modeling syntheses. We compiled feedback from ecosystem modeling teams on key data needs, which encompass carbon biogeochemistry, vegetation, permafrost, hydrology, and disturbance dynamics. A suite of variables was identified as part of this activity with a critical requirement that they are collected concurrently and representatively over space and time. Individual projects in ABoVE may not capture all these needs, and thus there is both demand and opportunity for the augmentation of field observations, and synthesis of the observations that are collected, to ensure that science questions and integrated modeling activities are successfully implemented.</abstract>
			<url hash="3b5ae1e0">G18-40001</url>
			<pages>020202</pages>
			<doi>10.1088/1748-9326/aa9d9a</doi>
			<bibkey>Fisher-2018-Missing</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="41">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Hydrology, Volume 566</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>A review and synthesis of hysteresis in hydrology and hydrological modeling: Memory, path-dependency, or missing physics?</title>
			<author>
				<first>Shervan</first>
				<last>Gharari</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Saman</first>
				<last>Razavi</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Hysteresis is a widely reported phenomenon in natural and engineered systems across different temporal and spatial scales. Its definition is non-unique and rather context-dependent, while systems with hysteretic behavior, including hydrological systems, are commonly referred to as path-dependent systems or systems with memory. Despite widespread existence of hysteretic processes, the current generation of hydrologic models do not directly account for hysteresis. In this paper, we review the fundamentals, theories, and general properties of hysteresis in the broad scientific literature and then focus on its representations in hydrological sciences. Through illustrative examples, we show how an incomplete understanding or representation of the underlying processes in a system can lead to considering the system as being path-dependent. We argue that, in most cases, hysteresis is a manifestation of our dimensionality-reducing approach to process understanding and representation. We further explain that modelling hysteresis in an ideal world requires a full-dimensional process representation, based on a perfect understanding of the processes, their heterogeneity, and their spatio-temporal scale dependency. We discuss, however, that the missing dimensions/physics in a hydrologic model may be compensated to some extent by enabling the model with formal hysteretic components. Moreover, we show that the conventional model structure and parameterization may be designed in a way to partially reproduce a desired hysteretic behavior.</abstract>
			<url hash="83e68685">G18-41001</url>
			<pages>500-519</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.06.037</doi>
			<bibkey>Gharari-2018-A</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="42">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Nature Communications, Volume 9, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Wildfire as a major driver of recent permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands</title>
			<author>
				<first>Carolyn</first>
				<last>Gibson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>L.</first>
				<last>Chasmer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Dan K.</first>
				<last>Thompson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>William L.</first>
				<last>Quinton</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mike D.</first>
				<last>Flannigan</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>David</first>
				<last>Olefeldt</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Permafrost vulnerability to climate change may be underestimated unless effects of wildfire are considered. Here we assess impacts of wildfire on soil thermal regime and rate of thermokarst bog expansion resulting from complete permafrost thaw in western Canadian permafrost peatlands. Effects of wildfire on permafrost peatlands last for 30 years and include a warmer and deeper active layer, and spatial expansion of continuously thawed soil layers (taliks). These impacts on the soil thermal regime are associated with a tripled rate of thermokarst bog expansion along permafrost edges. Our results suggest that wildfire is directly responsible for 2200 ± 1500 km2 (95% CI) of thermokarst bog development in the study region over the last 30 years, representing ~25% of all thermokarst bog expansion during this period. With increasing fire frequency under a warming climate, this study emphasizes the need to consider wildfires when projecting future circumpolar permafrost thaw.</abstract>
			<url hash="9153296b">G18-42001</url>
			<doi>10.1038/s41467-018-05457-1</doi>
			<bibkey>Gibson-2018-Wildfire</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="43">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Ecohydrology, Volume 11, Issue 4</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Ecohydrological functioning of an upland undergoing reclamation on post-mining landscape of the Athabasca oil sands region, Canada</title>
			<author>
				<first>Tristan</first>
				<last>Gingras-Hill</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Felix</first>
				<last>Nwaishi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Merrin L.</first>
				<last>Macrae</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jonathan S.</first>
				<last>Price</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Richard M.</first>
				<last>Petrone</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Ecohydrological functioning of natural Boreal forest in Canada's Boreal Plains is a product of interactions between soil hydrophysical characteristics and hydrogeochemical processes. These interactions create a moisture–nutrient gradient within the surface soils, increasing along low‐relief transitions from upland to riparian zone, and in turn influence the distribution of vegetation communities. It is not yet known if/when analogous ecohydrological functions can be achieved in constructed uplands following industrial disturbance, such as that following oil sands development. Hence, to assess this, we studied interactions between hydrogeochemical processes and vegetation colonization in a constructed upland relative to hydrophysical properties of 2 reclamation cover substrates during a typical continental climate's growing season. Our results indicated that in 3 years of postconstruction, the establishment of a moisture–nutrient gradient that supports vegetation colonization along slope positions was still limited by heterogeneity of cover substrates. Portions of the upland under peat–mineral mix were characterized by lower nutrient availability, high moisture content, and establishment of planted shrubs and trees. In contrast, forest floor materials plots were characterized by poor soil quality, but higher nutrient availability and greater colonization of invasive grasses and native shrubs. We suggest that the colonization of underdeveloped soils by invasive grasses may facilitate pedogenic processes and thus should be accepted by reclamation managers as a successional milestone in the recovery of ecohydrological functioning of constructed uplands. Poor soil structure under forest floor materials could not support edaphic conditions required by plants to efficiently utilize fertilizer, making this practise futile at the early stage of soil development.</abstract>
			<url hash="29ef4e0e">G18-43001</url>
			<pages>e1941</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/eco.1941</doi>
			<bibkey>Gingras-Hill-2018-Ecohydrological</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>A hydrogeological landscape framework to identify peatland wildfire smouldering hot spots</title>
			<author>
				<first>Kelly</first>
				<last>Hokanson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Paul A.</first>
				<last>Moore</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Max</first>
				<last>Lukenbach</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>K. J.</first>
				<last>Devito</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nicholas</first>
				<last>Kettridge</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>R. M.</first>
				<last>Petrone</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Carl</first>
				<last>Mendoza</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. M.</first>
				<last>Waddington</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Northern peatlands are important global carbon stores, but there is concern that these boreal peat reserves are at risk due to increased fire frequency and severity as predicted by climate change models. In a subhumid climate, hydrogeological position is an important control on peatland hydrology and wildfire vulnerability. Consequently, we hypothesized that in a coarse‐textured glaciofluvial outwash, isolated peatlands lacking the moderating effect of large‐scale groundwater flow would have greater water table (WT) variability and would also be more vulnerable to deep WT drawdown and wildfire during dry climate cycles. A holistic approach was taken to evaluate 3 well‐accepted factors that are associated with smouldering in boreal peatlands: hollow microform coverage, peatland margin morphometry, and gravimetric water content. Using a combination of field measurements (bulk density, humification, WT position, hummock–hollow distribution, and margin width) and modelling (1‐D vertical unsaturated flow coupled with a simple peat–fuel energy balance equation), we assessed the vulnerability of peat to smouldering. We found that a peatland in the regionally intermediate topographic position is the most vulnerable to smouldering due to the interaction of variable connectivity to large‐scale groundwater flow and the absence of mineral stratigraphy for limiting WT declines during dry conditions. Our findings represent a novel assessment framework and tool for fire managers by providing a priori knowledge of potential peat smouldering hot spot locations in the landscape to efficiently allocate resources and reduce emergency response time to smouldering events.</abstract>
			<url hash="b0e61fb4">G18-43002</url>
			<pages>e1942</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/eco.1942</doi>
			<bibkey>Hokanson-2018-A</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="44">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>ACS Omega, Volume 3, Issue 11</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Chemical Society (ACS)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Reselection Yielding a Smaller and More Active Silver-Specific DNAzyme</title>
			<author>
				<first>Lide</first>
				<last>Gu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Runjhun</first>
				<last>Saran</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Wanli</first>
				<last>Yan</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Po‐Jung Jimmy</first>
				<last>Huang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Shujun</first>
				<last>Wang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mingsheng</first>
				<last>Lyu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Juewen</first>
				<last>Liu</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Ag10c is a recently reported RNA-cleaving DNAzyme obtained from in vitro selection. Its cleavage activity selectively requires Ag+ ions, and thus it has been used as a sensor for Ag+ detection. However, the previous selection yielded very limited information regarding its sequence requirement, since only ∼0.1% of the population in the final library were related to Ag10c and most other sequences were inactive. In this work, we performed a reselection by randomizing the 19 important nucleotides in Ag10c in such a way that a purine has an equal chance of being A or G, whereas a pyrimidine has an equal chance of being T or C. The round 3 library of the reselection was carefully analyzed and a statistic understanding of the relative importance of each nucleotide was obtained. At the same time, a more active mutant was identified, containing two mutated nucleotides. Further analysis indicated new base pairs leading to an enzyme with smaller catalytic loops but with ∼200% activity of the original Ag10c, and also excellent selectivity for Ag+. Therefore, a more active mutant of Ag10c was obtained and further truncations were successfully performed, which might be better candidates for developing new biosensors for silver. A deeper biochemical understanding was also obtained using this reselection method.</abstract>
			<url hash="b43876b7">G18-44001</url>
			<pages>15174-15181</pages>
			<doi>10.1021/acsomega.8b02039</doi>
			<bibkey>Gu-2018-Reselection</bibkey>
			<project>prj38</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="45">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Volume 56, Issue 5</booktitle>
			<publisher>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Observing Scattering Mechanisms of Bubbled Freshwater Lake Ice Using Polarimetric RADARSAT-2 (C-Band) and UW-Scat (X- and Ku-Bands)</title>
			<author>
				<first>Grant</first>
				<last>Gunn</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Claude R.</first>
				<last>Duguay</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Donald K.</first>
				<last>Atwood</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Joshua</first>
				<last>King</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Peter</first>
				<last>Toose</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>A winter time series of ground-based (X- and Ku-bands) scatterometer and spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (C-band) fully polarimetric observations coincident with in situ snow and ice measurements are used to identify the dominant scattering mechanism in bubbled freshwater lake ice in the Hudson Bay Lowlands near Churchill, Manitoba. Scatterometer observations identify two physical sources of backscatter from the ice cover: the snow–ice and ice–water interfaces. Backscatter time series at all frequencies show increases from the ice–water interface prior to the inclusion of tubular bubbles in the ice column based on in situ observations, indicating scattering mechanisms independent of double-bounce scatter. The co-polarized phase difference of interactions at the ice–water interface from both scatterometer and SAR observations is centered at 0° during the time series, also indicating a scattering regime other than double bounce. A Yamaguchi three-component decomposition of the RADARSAT-2 C-band time series is presented, which suggests the dominant scattering mechanism to be single-bounce off the ice–water interface with appreciable surface roughness or preferentially oriented facets, regardless of the presence, absence, or density of tubular bubble inclusions. This paper builds on newly established evidence of single-bounce scattering mechanism for freshwater lake ice and is the first to present a winter time series of ground-based and spaceborne fully polarimetric active microwave observations with polarimetric decompositions for bubbled freshwater lake ice.</abstract>
			<url hash="0c8411d2">G18-45001</url>
			<pages>2887-2903</pages>
			<doi>10.1109/tgrs.2017.2786158</doi>
			<bibkey>Gunn-2018-Observing</bibkey>
			<project>prj42</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="46">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Water Resources Research, Volume 54, Issue 11</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Geophysical Union (AGU)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Revisiting the Basis of Sensitivity Analysis for Dynamical Earth System Models</title>
			<author>
				<first>H. V.</first>
				<last>Gupta</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Saman</first>
				<last>Razavi</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>This paper investigates the problem of global sensitivity analysis (GSA) of Dynamical Earth System Models and proposes a basis for how such analyses should be performed. We argue that (a) performance metric‐based approaches to parameter GSA are actually identifiability analyses, (b) the use of a performance metric to assess sensitivity unavoidably distorts the information provided by the model about relative parameter importance, and (c) it is a serious conceptual flaw to interpret the results of such an analysis as being consistent and accurate indications of the sensitivity of the model response to parameter perturbations. Further, because such approaches depend on availability of system state/output observational data, the analysis they provide is necessarily incomplete. Here we frame the GSA problem from first principles, using trajectories of the partial derivatives of model outputs with respect to controlling factors as the theoretical basis for sensitivity, and construct a global sensitivity matrix from which statistical indices of total period time‐aggregate parameter importance, and time series of time‐varying parameter importance, can be inferred. We demonstrate this framework using the HBV‐SASK conceptual hydrologic model applied to the Oldman basin in Canada and show that it disagrees with performance metric‐based methods regarding which parameters exert the strongest controls on model behavior. Further, it is highly efficient, requiring less than 1,000 base samples to obtain stable and robust parameter importance assessments for our 10‐parameter example.</abstract>
			<url hash="1e31be3c">G18-46001</url>
			<pages>8692-8717</pages>
			<doi>10.1029/2018wr022668</doi>
			<bibkey>Gupta-2018-Revisiting</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="47">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Earth's Future, Volume 6, Issue 6</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Geophysical Union (AGU)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Reframing the Challenge of Global Wildfire Threats to Water Supplies</title>
			<author>
				<first>Dennis W.</first>
				<last>Hallema</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>François</first>
				<last>Robinne</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kevin D.</first>
				<last>Bladon</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>The timing, extent, and severity of forest wildfires have increased in many parts of the world in recent decades. These wildfires can have substantial and devastating impacts on water supply, ecohydrological systems, and sociohydrosystems. Existing frameworks to assess the magnitude and spatial extent of these effects generally focus on local processes or services and are not readily transferable to other regions. However, there is a growing need for regional, continental, and global scale indices to assess the potential effect of wildfires on freshwater availability and water supply resilience. Such indices must consider both the individual and compound effects of wildfires. In so doing, this will enable comprehensive insights on the water security paradigm and the value of hydrological services in fire‐affected areas around the globe.</abstract>
			<url hash="a68dd959">G18-47001</url>
			<pages>772-776</pages>
			<doi>10.1029/2018ef000867</doi>
			<bibkey>Hallema-2018-Reframing</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="48">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Forest Ecology and Management, Volume 421</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Adapting forest management to climate change: The state of science and applications in Canada and the United States</title>
			<author>
				<first>Jessica E.</first>
				<last>Halofsky</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sheri Anne</first>
				<last>Andrews-Key</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jason E.</first>
				<last>Edwards</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mark</first>
				<last>Johnston</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Harry W.</first>
				<last>Nelson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>David L.</first>
				<last>Peterson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kristen</first>
				<last>Schmitt</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christopher W.</first>
				<last>Swanston</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tim</first>
				<last>Williamson</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Over the last decade, considerable progress has been made in developing vulnerability assessment tools and in applying these methodologies to identify and implement climate change adaptation approaches for forest ecosystems and forest management organizations in Canada and the United States. However, given that adaptation processes are in early stages, evaluation of approaches across agency, organizational, and geographic boundaries is critical. Thus, we conducted a qualitative comparison of three conceptual frameworks for climate change vulnerability assessment and adaptation efforts in the Canadian and United States forestry agency contexts. We focus our comparison on components of the conceptual frameworks, development process, intended users, similarities and differences in institutional contexts (geographic and organizational), and implementation. Finally, we present case studies to illustrate how the frameworks have been implemented on the ground and in different contexts. Despite different trajectories of development, the Canadian and US forest agencies have developed similar conceptual frameworks for vulnerability assessment and adaptation. We found that key components of the conceptual frameworks included: establishing a science-management partnership; evaluating current forest conditions and management objectives; conducting detailed science-based vulnerability assessments; developing adaptation approaches and on-the-ground tactics; implementing adaptation tactics; and monitoring outcomes and adjusting as needed. However, the contexts in which these frameworks are implemented vary considerably within and between countries, mostly because of differences in land ownership, management norms, and organizational cultures. On-the-ground applications, although slow to develop, are beginning to proliferate, providing examples that can be emulated by others. A strategy for accelerating implementation of adaptation in Canada and the United States is suggested, building on successes by federal agencies and extending to public, private, and crown lands.</abstract>
			<url hash="feeec90f">G18-48001</url>
			<pages>84-97</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.foreco.2018.02.037</doi>
			<bibkey>Halofsky-2018-Adapting</bibkey>
			<project>prj25</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="49">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Hydrometeorology, Volume 19, Issue 7</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Meteorological Society</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Modeling the Snowpack Energy Balance during Melt under Exposed Crop Stubble</title>
			<author>
				<first>Phillip</first>
				<last>Harder</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Warren</first>
				<last>Helgason</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John W.</first>
				<last>Pomeroy</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract On the Canadian Prairies, agricultural practices result in millions of hectares of standing crop stubble that gradually emerges during snowmelt. The importance of stubble in trapping wind-blown snow and retaining winter snowfall has been well demonstrated. However, stubble is not explicitly accounted for in hydrological or energy balance snowmelt models. This paper relates measurable stubble parameters (height, width, areal density, and albedo) to the snowpack energy balance and snowmelt with the new, physically based Stubble–Snow–Atmosphere Model (SSAM). Novel process representations of SSAM quantify the attenuation of shortwave radiation by exposed stubble, the sky and vegetation view factors needed to solve longwave radiation terms, and a resistance scheme for stubble–snow–atmosphere fluxes to solve for surface temperatures and turbulent fluxes. SSAM results were compared to observations of radiometric snow-surface temperature, stubble temperature, snow-surface solar irradiance, areal-average turbulent fluxes, and snow water equivalent from two intensive field campaigns during snowmelt in 2015 and 2016 over wheat and canola stubble in Saskatchewan, Canada. Uncalibrated SSAM simulations compared well with these observations, providing confidence in the model structure and parameterization. A sensitivity analysis conducted using SSAM revealed compensatory relationships in energy balance terms that result in a small increase in net snowpack energy as stubble exposure increases.</abstract>
			<url hash="4652ae6a">G18-49001</url>
			<pages>1191-1214</pages>
			<doi>10.1175/jhm-d-18-0039.1</doi>
			<bibkey>Harder-2018-Modeling</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="50">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Hydrological Processes, Volume 32, Issue 20</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Groundwater flow and storage processes in an inactive rock glacier</title>
			<author>
				<first>Jordan S.</first>
				<last>Harrington</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alexandra</first>
				<last>Mozil</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Masaki</first>
				<last>Hayashi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>L. R.</first>
				<last>Bentley</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Groundwater flow through coarse blocky landforms contributes to streamflow in mountain watersheds, yet its role in the alpine hydrologic cycle has received relatively little attention. This study examines the internal structure and hydrogeological characteristics of an inactive rock glacier in the Canadian Rockies using geophysical imaging techniques, analysis of the discharge hydrograph of the spring draining the rock glacier, and chemical and stable isotopic compositions of source waters. The results show that the coarse blocky sediments forming the rock glacier allow the rapid infiltration of snowmelt and rain water to an unconfined aquifer above the bedrock surface. The water flowing through the aquifer is eventually routed via an internal channel parallel to the front of the rock glacier to a spring, which provides baseflow to a headwater stream designated as a critical habitat for an at‐risk cold‐water fish species. Discharge from the rock glacier spring contributes up to 50% of basin streamflow during summer baseflow periods and up to 100% of basin streamflow over winter, despite draining less than 20% of the watershed area. The rock glacier contains patches of ground ice even though it may have been inactive for thousands of years, suggesting the resiliency of the ground thermal regime under a warming climate.</abstract>
			<url hash="063ac850">G18-50001</url>
			<pages>3070-3088</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/hyp.13248</doi>
			<bibkey>Harrington-2018-Groundwater</bibkey>
			<project>prj28</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="51">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Irrigation and Drainage, Volume 67</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Simulation of Nitrate-N Leaching in No-Till Fields with DRAINMOD-N II in a Cold-Humid Region</title>
			<author>
				<first>Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi</first>
				<last>Garmdareh</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Raheleh</first>
				<last>Malekian</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ali</first>
				<last>Madani</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Robert J.</first>
				<last>Gordon</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Conservation agriculture, especially no‐tillage, has proven to become sustainable farming in many agricultural environments globally. In spite of advantages of no‐till systems, this practice may result in excess infiltration into the soil and can enhance the movement of mobile nutrients and some pesticides to subsurface drains and groundwater along preferential pathways. The goal of this study was to evaluate the capacity of DRAINMOD‐N II to simulate subsurface nitrate‐N leaching in no‐till fields in Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada, from 2003 to 2006. The model performance was first evaluated by comparing observed and simulated drain outflow data that is an essential prerequisite for the model to obtain a proper prediction of NO₃‐N movement, and then by comparing observed and simulated NO₃‐N concentration in no‐till fields using three statistical indices, relative root mean square error (RRMSE), average absolute deviation (AAD) and the correlation coefficient (R²). The RRMSE, AAD and R² for the validation period were determined to be 1.09, 1.85 and 0.83 mm for drain outflow, and 1.43, 0.51 and 0.79 mg l⁻¹ for NO₃‐N concentration respectively. The results showed that DRAINMOD‐N II predicted NO₃‐N leaching reasonably well in drainage outflow of no‐till fields over the whole period. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</abstract>
			<url hash="be86af35">G18-51001</url>
			<pages>65-72</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/ird.2200</doi>
			<bibkey>Hashemi Garmdareh-2018-Simulation</bibkey>
			<project>prj2</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="52">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 46, Issue 19</booktitle>
			<publisher>Oxford University Press (OUP)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Misfolding of a DNAzyme for ultrahigh sodium selectivity over potassium</title>
			<author>
				<first>Yanping</first>
				<last>He</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Da</first>
				<last>Chen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Po‐Jung Jimmy</first>
				<last>Huang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yibo</first>
				<last>Zhou</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lingfei</first>
				<last>Ma</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kexin</first>
				<last>Xu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ronghua</first>
				<last>Yang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Juewen</first>
				<last>Liu</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Herein, the excellent Na+ selectivity of a few RNA-cleaving DNAzymes was exploited, where Na+ can be around 3000-fold more effective than K+ for promoting catalysis. By using a double mutant based on the Ce13d DNAzyme, and by lowering the temperature, increased 2-aminopurine (2AP) fluorescence was observed with addition of both Na+ and K+. The fluorescence increase was similar for these two metals at below 10 mM, after which K+ took a different pathway. Since 2AP probes its local base stacking environment, K+ can be considered to induce misfolding. Binding of both Na+ and K+ was specific, since single base mutations could fully inhibit 2AP fluorescence for both metals. The binding thermodynamics was measured by temperature-dependent experiments revealing enthalpy-driven binding for both metals and less coordination sites compared to G-quadruplex DNA. Cleavage activity assays indicated a moderate cleavage activity with 10 mM K+, while further increase of K+ inhibited the activity, also supporting its misfolding of the DNAzyme. For comparison, a G-quadruplex DNA was also studied using the same system, where Na+ and K+ led to the same final state with only around 8-fold difference in Kd. This study provides interesting insights into strategies for discriminating Na+ and K+.</abstract>
			<url hash="ac3300db">G18-52001</url>
			<pages>10262-10271</pages>
			<doi>10.1093/nar/gky807</doi>
			<bibkey>He-2018-Misfolding</bibkey>
			<project>prj38</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="53">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>MethodsX, Volume 5</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Criteria-based ranking (CBR): A comprehensive process for selecting and prioritizing monitoring indicators</title>
			<author>
				<first>Elaine Yee Lin</first>
				<last>Ho</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Resources allocated to natural resource management often fluctuate, requiring the types and numbers of parameters used in monitoring programs (e.g., indicators of ecosystem health) to be frequently reassessed. Conventional approaches to selecting monitoring indicators are often biased and non-inclusive. A new Criteria-based Ranking (CBR) process for selecting and/or prioritizing indicators was tested in the Muskoka River Watershed (Ontario, Canada). The CBR process is based on two environmental assessment tools, Simple Weighted and Leopold matrices. It incorporates environmental components and criteria for assessing each indicator, which generate a score per indicator. The process tested in this study was concluded to be an effective way to prioritize and/or select environmental monitoring indicators. A different set of indicators emerged when a common set of criteria was used to assess monitoring indicators. Benefits of the CBR process include: •Standardization of indicator selection process with less bias and lower cost (e.g., time and human resources).•Indicators that are representative of the community and more relevant for decision-making (e.g., more resilient to socio-political change).•Adaptability: (1) to other goals, e.g., selecting from a list of Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs), and (2) to any context through localized scoring criteria. Easily integrated into existing practice.</abstract>
			<url hash="148f67be">G18-53001</url>
			<pages>1324-1329</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.mex.2018.10.015</doi>
			<bibkey>Ho-2018-Criteria-based</bibkey>
			<project>prj22</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="54">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Ecological Indicators, Volume 95</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Assessing current monitoring indicators and reporting for cumulative effects integration: A case study in Muskoka, Ontario, Canada</title>
			<author>
				<first>Elaine Yee Lin</first>
				<last>Ho</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sondra</first>
				<last>Eger</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Simon C.</first>
				<last>Courtenay</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Climate is changing at an unprecedented rate with impacts being felt in social and ecological systems around the world. Opportunities for building climate resilience of the social-ecological system surrounding freshwater areas are assessed using the aquatic monitoring and reporting programs of Muskoka River Watershed (Ontario, Canada) as a case study. A three-step study design was used: establishment of a knowledge baseline (i.e., what has been done), confirmation of the baseline to ensure perspectives that emerged were inclusive of multiple stakeholders (i.e., broadly applicable) and an exploratory workshop to disseminate recommendations and discuss implementation with key stakeholders. Two themes are discussed: the strengthening of watershed-scale monitoring approaches, and improved communication with stakeholders (e.g., through ‘state of the watershed’ reporting). This study offers an evaluation of watershed-scale aquatic monitoring and reporting and provides concrete examples from the case study. We test a new process for refining, selecting, or prioritizing indicators for aquatic monitoring. Cumulative effects assessment and monitoring (CEAM) is considered as the suggested monitoring approach at a watershed-scale. Recommendations for developing CEAM in the Muskoka River Watershed include considerations for selection of monitoring indicators, consistent communication of indicators, and implementing a metadatabase. Ways to enhance education of, and engagement with, local stakeholders through improved ‘state of the watershed’ report cards are highlighted. Resilience is strengthened by addressing two goals in the case study: engaging with the community and improving knowledge of stressor-effect relationships in the watershed via stronger aquatic monitoring.</abstract>
			<url hash="89585f07">G18-54001</url>
			<pages>862-876</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.08.017</doi>
			<bibkey>Ho-2018-Assessing</bibkey>
			<project>prj22</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="55">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>2018 IEEE 18th International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM)</booktitle>
			<publisher>IEEE</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>[Research Paper] Detecting Evolutionary Coupling Using Transitive Association Rules</title>
			<author>
				<first>Md. Anaytul</first>
				<last>Islam</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Md. Moksedul</first>
				<last>Islam</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Manishankar</first>
				<last>Mondal</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Banani</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chanchal K.</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kevin A.</first>
				<last>Schneider</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>If two or more program entities (such as files, classes, methods) co-change (i.e., change together) frequently during software evolution, then it is likely that these two entities are coupled (i.e., the entities are related). Such a coupling is termed as evolutionary coupling in the literature. The concept of traditional evolutionary coupling restricts us to assume coupling among only those entities that changed together in the past. The entities that did not co-change in the past might also have coupling. However, such couplings can not be retrieved using the current concept of detecting evolutionary coupling in the literature. In this paper, we investigate whether we can detect such couplings by applying transitive rules on the evolutionary couplings detected using the traditional mechanism. We call these couplings that we detect using our proposed mechanism as transitive evolutionary couplings. According to our research on thousands of revisions of four subject systems, transitive evolutionary couplings combined with the traditional ones provide us with 13.96% higher recall and 5.56% higher precision in detecting future co-change candidates when compared with a state-of-the-art technique.</abstract>
			<url hash="31e43862">G18-55001</url>
			<doi>10.1109/scam.2018.00020</doi>
			<bibkey>Islam-2018-[Research</bibkey>
			<project>prj8</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>[Research Paper] On the Use of Machine Learning Techniques Towards the Design of Cloud Based Automatic Code Clone Validation Tools</title>
			<author>
				<first>Golam</first>
				<last>Mostaeen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jeffrey</first>
				<last>Svajlenko</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Banani</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chanchal K.</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kevin A.</first>
				<last>Schneider</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>A code clone is a pair of code fragments, within or between software systems that are similar. Since code clones often negatively impact the maintainability of a software system, a great many numbers of code clone detection techniques and tools have been proposed and studied over the last decade. To detect all possible similar source code patterns in general, the clone detection tools work on syntax level (such as texts, tokens, AST and so on) while lacking user-specific preferences. This often means the reported clones must be manually validated prior to any analysis in order to filter out the true positive clones from task or user-specific considerations. This manual clone validation effort is very time-consuming and often error-prone, in particular for large-scale clone detection. In this paper, we propose a machine learning based approach for automating the validation process. In an experiment with clones detected by several clone detectors in several different software systems, we found our approach has an accuracy of up to 87.4% when compared against the manual validation by multiple expert judges. The proposed method shows promising results in several comparative studies with the existing related approaches for automatic code clone validation. We also present our experimental results in terms of different code clone detection tools, machine learning algorithms and open source software systems.</abstract>
			<url hash="a8ed69d8">G18-55002</url>
			<doi>10.1109/scam.2018.00025</doi>
			<bibkey>Mostaeen-2018-[Research</bibkey>
			<project>prj8</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="3">
			<title>[Research Paper] CroLSim: Cross Language Software Similarity Detector Using API Documentation</title>
			<author>
				<first>Kawser Wazed</first>
				<last>Nafi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Banani</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chanchal K.</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kevin A.</first>
				<last>Schneider</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>In today's open source era, developers look forsimilar software applications in source code repositories for anumber of reasons, including, exploring alternative implementations, reusing source code, or looking for a better application. However, while there are a great many studies for finding similarapplications written in the same programming language, there isa marked lack of studies for finding similar software applicationswritten in different languages. In this paper, we fill the gapby proposing a novel modelCroLSimwhich is able to detectsimilar software applications across different programming lan-guages. In our approach, we use the API documentation tofind relationships among the API calls used by the differentprogramming languages. We adopt a deep learning based word-vector learning method to identify semantic relationships amongthe API documentation which we then use to detect cross-language similar software applications. For evaluating CroLSim, we formed a repository consisting of 8,956 Java, 7,658 C#, and 10,232 Python applications collected from GitHub. Weobserved thatCroLSimcan successfully detect similar softwareapplications across different programming languages with a meanaverage precision rate of 0.65, an average confidence rate of3.6 (out of 5) with 75% high rated successful queries, whichoutperforms all related existing approaches with a significantperformance improvement.</abstract>
			<url hash="dfea594e">G18-55003</url>
			<doi>10.1109/scam.2018.00023</doi>
			<bibkey>Nafi-2018-[Research</bibkey>
			<project>prj8</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="56">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Water Quality Research Journal, Volume 54, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>IWA Publishing</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>A comparative analysis of practitioners' experience in sediment remediation projects to highlight best practices</title>
			<author>
				<first>Zobia</first>
				<last>Jawed</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gail</first>
				<last>Krantzberg</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract The Randle Reef contaminated site, located in the southwest corner of Hamilton Harbour, is approximately 60 hectares in size. This site contains approximately 695,000 m3 of sediment contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals. The complex Randle Reef sediment remediation project is finally coming to fruition after more than 30 years of study, discussion, collaborations, stakeholder consensus-building, and debate. This paper unravels the reasons behind the delays associated with implementing sediment management at the Randle Reef site. In-depth interviews with experts and professionals from organizations who are/were involved in the project were conducted to identify the nature of performance in five theme areas that are important for successful action namely: (1) participation of appropriate actors with common objectives; (2) funding and resources; (3) decision-making process; (4) research and technology development; and (5) public and political support. It is evident from this study that the hurdles to progress with addressing contaminated sediment sites involve technical, political, regulatory as well as social challenges. We offer potential solutions and a series of recommendations based on experts' first-hand experience with the management of such complex sites to inform how future remediation projects can overcome obstacles. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the kind support of CAWQ/ACQE (https://www.cawq.ca).</abstract>
			<url hash="2351978c">G18-56001</url>
			<pages>10-33</pages>
			<doi>10.2166/wqrj.2018.020</doi>
			<bibkey>Jawed-2018-A</bibkey>
			<project>prj22</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="57">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Biochemistry, Volume 58, Issue 5</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Chemical Society (ACS)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Instantaneous Iodine-Assisted DNAzyme Cleavage of Phosphorothioate RNA</title>
			<author>
				<first>Po‐Jung Jimmy</first>
				<last>Huang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Woohyun J.</first>
				<last>Moon</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Juewen</first>
				<last>Liu</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Metal ions play a critical role in the RNA-cleavage reaction by interacting with the scissile phosphate and stabilizing the highly negatively charged transition state. Many metal-dependent DNAzymes have been selected for RNA cleavage. Herein, we report that the Ce13d DNAzyme can use nonmetallic iodine (I2) to cleave a phosphorothioate (PS)-modified substrate. The cleavage yield exceeded 60% for both the Rp and Sp stereoisomers in 10 s, while the yield without the enzyme strand was only ∼10%. The Ce13d cleavage with I2 also required Na+, consistent with the property of Ce13d and confirming the similar role of I2 as a metal ion. Ce13d had the highest yield among eight tested DNAzymes, with the second highest DNAzyme showing only 20% cleavage. The incomplete cleavage was due to competition from desulfurization and isomerization reactions. This DNAzyme was engineered for fluorescence-based I2 detection. With EDTA for masking metal ions, I2 was selectively detected down to 4.7 nM. Oxidation of I- with Fe3+ produced I2 in situ, allowing detection of Fe3+ down to 78 nM. By harnessing nonelectrostatic interactions, such as the I2/sulfur interaction observed here, more nonmetal species might be discovered to assist DNAzyme-based RNA cleavage.</abstract>
			<url hash="9bedf0e9">G18-57001</url>
			<pages>422-429</pages>
			<doi>10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00900</doi>
			<bibkey>Jimmy Huang-2018-Instantaneous</bibkey>
			<project>prj38</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="58">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>International Journal of Wildland Fire, Volume 27, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>CSIRO Publishing</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Mapping Canadian wildland fire interface areas</title>
			<author>
				<first>Lynn M.</first>
				<last>Johnston</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mike</first>
				<last>Flannigan</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Destruction of human-built structures occurs in the ‘wildland–urban interface’ (WUI) – where homes or other burnable community structures meet with or are interspersed within wildland fuels. To mitigate WUI fires, basic information such as the location of interface areas is required, but such information is not available in Canada. Therefore, in this study, we produced the first national map of WUI in Canada. We also extended the WUI concept to address potentially vulnerable industrial structures and infrastructure that are not traditionally part of the WUI, resulting in two additional maps: a ‘wildland–industrial interface’ map (i.e. the interface of wildland fuels and industrial structures, denoted here as WUI-Ind) and a ‘wildland–infrastructure interface’ map (i.e. the interface of wildland fuels and infrastructure such as roads and railways, WUI-Inf). All three interface types (WUI, WUI-Ind, WUI-Inf) were defined as areas of wildland fuels within a variable-width buffer (maximum distance: 2400m) from potentially vulnerable structures or infrastructure. Canada has 32.3 million ha of WUI (3.8% of total national land area), 10.5 million ha of WUI-Ind (1.2%) and 109.8 million ha of WUI-Inf (13.0%). The maps produced here provide a baseline for future research and have a wide variety of practical applications.</abstract>
			<url hash="c38ee0bf">G18-58001</url>
			<pages>1</pages>
			<doi>10.1071/wf16221</doi>
			<bibkey>Johnston-2018-Mapping</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="59">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Earth's Future, Volume 6, Issue 5</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Risks from Climate Extremes Change Differently from 1.5°C to 2.0°C Depending on Rarity</title>
			<author>
				<first>Viatcheslav</first>
				<last>Kharin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Greg</first>
				<last>Flato</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>X.</first>
				<last>Zhang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nathan P.</first>
				<last>Gillett</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Francis W.</first>
				<last>Zwiers</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kevin</first>
				<last>Anderson</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have agreed to hold the “increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above preindustrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C.” Comparison of the costs and benefits for different warming limits requires an understanding of how risks vary between warming limits. As changes in risk are often associated with changes in exposure due to projected changes in local or regional climate extremes, we analyze differences in the risks of extreme daily temperatures and extreme daily precipitation amounts under different warming limits. We show that global warming of 2°C would result in substantially larger changes in the probabilities of the extreme events than global warming of 1.5°C. For example, over the global land area, the probability of a warm extreme that occurs once every 20 years on average in the current climate is projected to increase 130% and 340% at the 1.5°C and 2.0°C warming levels, respectively (median values). Moreover, the relative changes in probability are larger for rarer, more extreme events, implying that risk assessments need to carefully consider the extreme event thresholds at which vulnerabilities occur.</abstract>
			<url hash="7b3287da">G18-59001</url>
			<pages>704-715</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/2018ef000813</doi>
			<bibkey>Kharin-2018-Risks</bibkey>
			<project>prj5</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="60">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 215</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>The influence of snow microstructure on dual-frequency radar measurements in a tundra environment</title>
			<author>
				<first>Joshua</first>
				<last>King</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chris</first>
				<last>Derksen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Peter</first>
				<last>Toose</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alexandre</first>
				<last>Langlois</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>C. F.</first>
				<last>Larsen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Juha</first>
				<last>Lemmetyinen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>P.</first>
				<last>Marsh</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Benoît</first>
				<last>Montpetit</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alexandre</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nick</first>
				<last>Rutter</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthew</first>
				<last>Sturm</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Recent advancement in the understanding of snow-microwave interactions has helped to isolate the considerable potential for radar-based retrieval of snow water equivalent (SWE). There are however, few datasets available to address spatial uncertainties, such as the influence of snow microstructure, at scales relevant to space-borne application. In this study we introduce measurements from SnowSAR, an airborne, dual-frequency (9.6 and 17.2 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR), to evaluate high resolution (10 m) backscatter within a snow-covered tundra basin. Coincident in situ surveys at two sites characterize a generally thin snowpack (50 cm) interspersed with deeper drift features. Structure of the snowpack is found to be predominantly wind slab (65%) with smaller proportions of depth hoar underlain (35%). Objective estimates of snow microstructure (exponential correlation length; lex), show the slab layers to be 2.8 times smaller than the basal depth hoar. In situ measurements are used to parametrize the Microwave Emission Model of Layered Snowpacks (MEMLS3&amp;a) and compare against collocated SnowSAR backscatter. The evaluation shows a scaling factor (ϕ) between 1.37 and 1.08, when applied to input of lex, minimizes MEMLS root mean squared error to</abstract>
			<url hash="419ab280">G18-60001</url>
			<pages>242-254</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.028</doi>
			<bibkey>King-2018-The</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>Data synergy between leaf area index and clumping index Earth Observation products using photon recollision probability theory</title>
			<author>
				<first>Jan</first>
				<last>Písek</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Henning</first>
				<last>Buddenbaum</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Fernando</first>
				<last>Camacho</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Joachim</first>
				<last>Hill</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jennifer</first>
				<last>Jensen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Holger</first>
				<last>Lange</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Zhili</first>
				<last>Liu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Arndt</first>
				<last>Piayda</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yonghua</first>
				<last>Qu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Olivier</first>
				<last>Roupsard</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Shawn</first>
				<last>Serbin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Svein</first>
				<last>Solberg</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Oliver</first>
				<last>Sonnentag</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Anne</first>
				<last>Thimonier</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Francesco</first>
				<last>Vuolo</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Clumping index (CI) is a measure of foliage aggregation relative to a random distribution of leaves in space. The CI can help with estimating fractions of sunlit and shaded leaves for a given leaf area index (LAI) value. Both the CI and LAI can be obtained from global Earth Observation data from sensors such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). Here, the synergy between a MODIS-based CI and a MODIS LAI product is examined using the theory of spectral invariants, also referred to as photon recollision probability (‘p-theory’), along with raw LAI-2000/2200 Plant Canopy Analyzer data from 75 sites distributed across a range of plant functional types. The p-theory describes the probability (p-value) that a photon, having intercepted an element in the canopy, will recollide with another canopy element rather than escape the canopy. We show that empirically-based CI maps can be integrated with the MODIS LAI product. Our results indicate that it is feasible to derive approximate p-values for any location solely from Earth Observation data. This approximation is relevant for future applications of the photon recollision probability concept for global and local monitoring of vegetation using Earth Observation data.</abstract>
			<url hash="d893e33a">G18-60002</url>
			<pages>1-6</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.026</doi>
			<bibkey>Pisek-2018-Data</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="61">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Hydrological Processes, Volume 33, Issue 4</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Hydroclimatic controls on runoff activation in an artificially drained, near‐level vertisolic clay landscape in a Prairie climate</title>
			<author>
				<first>Vivekananthan</first>
				<last>Kokulan</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Merrin L.</first>
				<last>Macrae</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Genevieve</first>
				<last>Ali</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>David A.</first>
				<last>Lobb</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Water quality problems are frequently influenced by hydrological processes, particularly in landscapes in which land drainage has been modified. The expansion of agricultural tile drainage in the Northern Great Plains of North America is occurring, yet is controversial due to persistent water quality problems such as eutrophication. Runoff‐generating mechanisms in North American tile‐drained landscapes in vertisolic soils have not been investigated but are important for understanding the impacts of tile drainage on water quantity and quality. This study evaluated the role of climate drivers on the activation of overland (OF) and tile (TF) flow and groundwater flow responses (GWT) on tile‐drained and nontile‐drained farm fields in Southern Manitoba, Canada. The response times of different flow paths (OF, TF, and GWT) were compared for 23 hydrological events (April–September 2015, 2016) to infer dominant runoff generation processes. Runoff responses (all pathways) were more rapid following higher intensity rainfall. Subsurface responses were hastened by wetter antecedent conditions in spring and delayed by the seasonal soil–ice layer. The activation of OF did not differ between the tiled and nontiled fields, suggesting that tile drains do little to reduce the occurrence of OF in this landscape. Rapid vertical preferential flow into tiles via preferential flow pathways was uncommon at our site, and the soil profile instead wet up from the top down. These conclusions have implications for the expansion of tile drainage and the impact of such an expansion on hydrological and biogeochemical processes in agricultural landscapes.</abstract>
			<url hash="f926d5e5">G18-61001</url>
			<pages>602-615</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/hyp.13347</doi>
			<bibkey>Kokulan-2018-Hydroclimatic</bibkey>
			<project>prj2</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="62">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Hydrological Processes, Volume 32, Issue 25</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Effect of climate change and mining on hydrological connectivity of surficial layers in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region</title>
			<author>
				<first>Mazda</first>
				<last>Kompani-Zare</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Richard M.</first>
				<last>Petrone</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mahyar</first>
				<last>Shafii</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Derek T.</first>
				<last>Robinson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Rebecca C.</first>
				<last>Rooney</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Kompanizare M, Petrone RM, Shafii M, Robinson DT, Rooney RC. Effect of climate change and mining on hydrological connectivity of surficial layers in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region. Hydrological Processes. 2018;32:3698–3716. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13292, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13292. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.</abstract>
			<url hash="eb937a0b">G18-62001</url>
			<pages>3698-3716</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/hyp.13292</doi>
			<bibkey>Kompanizare-2018-Effect</bibkey>
			<project>prj2</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="63">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, Volume 44, Issue 2</booktitle>
			<publisher>Informa UK Limited</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Prairie water: a global water futures project to enhance the resilience of prairie communities through sustainable water management</title>
			<author>
				<first>Christopher</first>
				<last>Spence</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jared D.</first>
				<last>Wolfe</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Colin J.</first>
				<last>Whitfield</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Helen M.</first>
				<last>Baulch</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>N. B.</first>
				<last>Basu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Angela</first>
				<last>Bedard‐Haughn</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kenneth</first>
				<last>Belcher</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Robert G.</first>
				<last>Clark</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Grant</first>
				<last>Ferguson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Masaki</first>
				<last>Hayashi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Karsten</first>
				<last>Liber</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J.</first>
				<last>McDonnell</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christy A.</first>
				<last>Morrissey</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John W.</first>
				<last>Pomeroy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Maureen G.</first>
				<last>Reed</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Graham</first>
				<last>Strickert</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>‘I would walk to the end of the street and out over the prairie with the clickety grasshoppers bunging in arcs ahead of me and I could hear the hum and twang of the wind in the great prairie harp o...</abstract>
			<url hash="532f1d6e">G18-63001</url>
			<pages>115-126</pages>
			<doi>10.1080/07011784.2018.1527256</doi>
			<bibkey>Spence-2018-Prairie</bibkey>
			<project>prj2</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="64">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 7</booktitle>
			<publisher>Copernicus GmbH</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Recent changes to the hydrological cycle of an Arctic basin  at the tundra–taiga transition</title>
			<author>
				<first>Sebastian A.</first>
				<last>Krogh</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John W.</first>
				<last>Pomeroy</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. The impact of transient changes in climate and vegetation on the hydrology of small Arctic headwater basins has not been investigated before, particularly in the tundra–taiga transition region. This study uses weather and land cover observations and a hydrological model suitable for cold regions to investigate historical changes in modelled hydrological processes driving the streamflow response of a small Arctic basin at the treeline. The physical processes found in this environment and explicit changes in vegetation extent and density were simulated and validated against observations of streamflow discharge, snow water equivalent and active layer thickness. Mean air temperature and all-wave irradiance have increased by 3.7 ∘C and 8.4 W m−2, respectively, while precipitation has decreased 48 mm (10 %) since 1960. Two modelling scenarios were created to separate the effects of changing climate and vegetation on hydrological processes. Results show that over 1960–2016 most hydrological changes were driven by climate changes, such as decreasing snowfall, evapotranspiration, deepening active layer thickness, earlier snow cover depletion and diminishing annual sublimation and soil moisture. However, changing vegetation has a significant impact on decreasing blowing snow redistribution and sublimation, counteracting the impact of decreasing precipitation on streamflow, demonstrating the importance of including transient changes in vegetation in long-term hydrological studies. Streamflow dropped by 38 mm as a response to the 48 mm decrease in precipitation, suggesting a small degree of hydrological resiliency. These results represent the first detailed estimate of hydrological changes occurring in small Arctic basins, and can be used as a reference to inform other studies of Arctic climate change impacts.</abstract>
			<url hash="cef825d7">G18-64001</url>
			<pages>3993-4014</pages>
			<doi>10.5194/hess-22-3993-2018</doi>
			<bibkey>Krogh-2018-Recent</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>Contributions of catchment and in-stream processes to suspended sediment transport in a dominantly groundwater-fed catchment</title>
			<author>
				<first>Yan</first>
				<last>Liu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christiane</first>
				<last>Zarfl</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>N. B.</first>
				<last>Basu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Marc</first>
				<last>Schwientek</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Olaf A.</first>
				<last>Cirpka</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. Suspended sediments impact stream water quality by increasing the turbidity and acting as a vector for strongly sorbing pollutants. Understanding their sources is of great importance to developing appropriate river management strategies. In this study, we present an integrated sediment transport model composed of a catchment-scale hydrological model to predict river discharge, a river-hydraulics model to obtain shear stresses in the channel, a sediment-generating model, and a river sediment-transport model. We use this framework to investigate the sediment contributions from catchment and in-stream processes in the Ammer catchment close to Tübingen in southwestern Germany. The model is calibrated to stream flow and suspended-sediment concentrations. We use the monthly mean suspended-sediment load to analyze seasonal variations of different processes. The contributions of catchment and in-stream processes to the total loads are demonstrated by model simulations under different flow conditions. The evaluation of shear stresses by the river-hydraulics model allows the identification of hotspots and hot moments of bed erosion for the main stem of the Ammer River. The results suggest that the contributions of suspended-sediment loads from urban areas and in-stream processes are higher in the summer months, while deposition has small variations with a slight increase in summer months. The sediment input from agricultural land and urban areas as well as bed and bank erosion increase with an increase in flow rates. Bed and bank erosion are negligible when flow is smaller than the corresponding thresholds of 1.5 and 2.5 times the mean discharge, respectively. The bed-erosion rate is higher during the summer months and varies along the main stem. Over the simulated time period, net sediment trapping is observed in the Ammer River. The present work is the basis to study particle-facilitated transport of pollutants in the system, helping to understand the fate and transport of sediments and sediment-bound pollutants.</abstract>
			<url hash="57f1746d">G18-64002</url>
			<pages>3903-3921</pages>
			<doi>10.5194/hess-22-3903-2018</doi>
			<bibkey>Liu-2018-Contributions</bibkey>
			<project>prj22</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="65">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 45, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Geophysical Union (AGU)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Disturbance Impacts on Thermal Hot Spots and Hot Moments at the Peatland-Atmosphere Interface</title>
			<author>
				<first>Rhoswen</first>
				<last>Leonard</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nicholas</first>
				<last>Kettridge</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>K. J.</first>
				<last>Devito</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Richard M.</first>
				<last>Petrone</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Carl</first>
				<last>Mendoza</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. M.</first>
				<last>Waddington</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stefan</first>
				<last>Krause</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Soil‐surface temperature acts as a master variable driving nonlinear terrestrial ecohydrological, biogeochemical, and micrometeorological processes, inducing short‐lived or spatially isolated extremes across heterogeneous landscape surfaces. However, subcanopy soil‐surface temperatures have been, to date, characterized through isolated, spatially discrete measurements. Using spatially complex forested northern peatlands as an exemplar ecosystem, we explore the high‐resolution spatiotemporal thermal behavior of this critical interface and its response to disturbances by using Fiber‐Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing. Soil‐surface thermal patterning was identified from 1.9 million temperature measurements under undisturbed, trees removed and vascular subcanopy removed conditions. Removing layers of the structurally diverse vegetation canopy not only increased mean temperatures but it shifted the spatial and temporal distribution, range, and longevity of thermal hot spots and hot moments. We argue that linking hot spots and/or hot moments with spatially variable ecosystem processes and feedbacks is key for predicting ecosystem function and resilience.</abstract>
			<url hash="764442b2">G18-65001</url>
			<pages>185-193</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/2017gl075974</doi>
			<bibkey>Leonard-2018-Disturbance</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="66">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Chemical Communications, Volume 54, Issue 88</booktitle>
			<publisher>Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Highly active fluorogenic oxidase-mimicking NiO nanozymes</title>
			<author>
				<first>Li</first>
				<last>Dai</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Biwu</first>
				<last>Liu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Po‐Jung Jimmy</first>
				<last>Huang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Zijie</first>
				<last>Zhang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Juewen</first>
				<last>Liu</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>NiO nanoparticles can quickly catalyze oxidation of Amplex red to produce fluorescent products for intracellular imaging, much more efficiently than other types of tested nanozymes.</abstract>
			<url hash="64f1ed5c">G18-66001</url>
			<pages>12519-12522</pages>
			<doi>10.1039/c8cc07062h</doi>
			<bibkey>Li-2018-Highly</bibkey>
			<project>prj38</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="67">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Environmental Science &amp; Technology</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Chemical Society (ACS)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Application of Environmental DNA Metabarcoding for Predicting Anthropogenic Pollution in Rivers</title>
			<author>
				<first>Feilong</first>
				<last>Li</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ying</first>
				<last>Peng</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Wendi</first>
				<last>Fang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Florian</first>
				<last>Altermatt</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yuwei</first>
				<last>Xie</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jianghua</first>
				<last>Yang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Xiaowei</first>
				<last>Zhang</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Rivers are among the most threatened freshwater ecosystems, and anthropogenic activities are affecting both river structures and water quality. While assessing the organisms can provide a comprehensive measure of a river's ecological status, it is limited by the traditional morphotaxonomy-based biomonitoring. Recent advances in environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding allow to identify prokaryotes and eukaryotes in one sequencing run, and could thus allow unprecedented resolution. Whether such eDNA-based data can be used directly to predict the pollution status of rivers as a complementation of environmental data remains unknown. Here we used eDNA metabarcoding to explore the main stressors of rivers along which community structure changes, and to identify the method's potential for predicting pollution status based on eDNA data. We showed that a broad range of taxa in bacterial, protistan, and metazoan communities could be profiled with eDNA. Nutrients were the main driving stressor affecting communities' structure, alpha diversity, and the ecological network. We specifically observed that the relative abundance of indicative OTUs was significantly correlated with nutrient levels. These OTUs data could be used to predict the nutrient status up to 79% accuracy on testing data sets. Thus, our study gives a novel approach to predicting the pollution status of rivers by eDNA data.</abstract>
			<url hash="dc4d8a39">G18-67001</url>
			<doi>10.1021/acs.est.8b03869</doi>
			<bibkey>Li-2018-Application</bibkey>
			<project>prj1</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="68">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Climatic Change, Volume 148, Issue 1-2</booktitle>
			<publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Indices of Canada’s future climate for general and agricultural adaptation applications</title>
			<author>
				<first>Guilong</first>
				<last>Li</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Xuebin</first>
				<last>Zhang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alex J.</first>
				<last>Cannon</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Trevor Q.</first>
				<last>Murdock</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>S. R.</first>
				<last>Sobie</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Francis W.</first>
				<last>Zwiers</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kevin</first>
				<last>Anderson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Budong</first>
				<last>Qian</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>This study evaluates regional-scale projections of climate indices that are relevant to climate change impacts in Canada. We consider indices of relevance to different sectors including those that describe heat conditions for different crop types, temperature threshold exceedances relevant for human beings and ecological ecosystems such as the number of days temperatures are above certain thresholds, utility relevant indices that indicate levels of energy demand for cooling or heating, and indices that represent precipitation conditions. Results are based on an ensemble of high-resolution statistically downscaled climate change projections from 24 global climate models (GCMs) under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios. The statistical downscaling approach includes a bias-correction procedure, resulting in more realistic indices than those computed from the original GCM data. We find that the level of projected changes in the indices scales well with the projected increase in the global mean temperature and is insensitive to the emission scenarios. At the global warming level about 2.1 °C above pre-industrial (corresponding to the multi-model ensemble mean for 2031–2050 under the RCP8.5 scenario), there is almost complete model agreement on the sign of projected changes in temperature indices for every region in Canada. This includes projected increases in extreme high temperatures and cooling demand, growing season length, and decrease in heating demand. Models project much larger changes in temperature indices at the higher 4.5 °C global warming level (corresponding to 2081–2100 under the RCP8.5 scenario). Models also project an increase in total precipitation, in the frequency and intensity of precipitation, and in extreme precipitation. Uncertainty is high in precipitation projections, with the result that models do not fully agree on the sign of changes in most regions even at the 4.5 °C global warming level.</abstract>
			<url hash="842e9a6f">G18-68001</url>
			<pages>249-263</pages>
			<doi>10.1007/s10584-018-2199-x</doi>
			<bibkey>Li-2018-Indices</bibkey>
			<project>prj5</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="69">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Global Change Biology, Volume 24, Issue 9</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence is strongly correlated with terrestrial photosynthesis for a wide variety of biomes: First global analysis based on OCO‐2 and flux tower observations</title>
			<author>
				<first>Xing</first>
				<last>Li</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jingfeng</first>
				<last>Xiao</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bin</first>
				<last>He</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. Altaf</first>
				<last>Arain</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jason</first>
				<last>Beringer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ankur R.</first>
				<last>Desai</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Carmen</first>
				<last>Emmel</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>David Y.</first>
				<last>Hollinger</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alisa</first>
				<last>Krasnova</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ivan</first>
				<last>Mammarella</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Steffen M.</first>
				<last>Noe</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Penélope</first>
				<last>Serrano-Ortiz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Camilo</first>
				<last>Rey‐Sánchez</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>A. V.</first>
				<last>Rocha</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Andrej</first>
				<last>Varlagin</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been increasingly used as a proxy for terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP). Previous work mainly evaluated the relationship between satellite-observed SIF and gridded GPP products both based on coarse spatial resolutions. Finer resolution SIF (1.3 km × 2.25 km) measured from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) provides the first opportunity to examine the SIF–GPP relationship at the ecosystem scale using flux tower GPP data. However, it remains unclear how strong the relationship is for each biome and whether a robust, universal relationship exists across a variety of biomes. Here we conducted the first global analysis of the relationship between OCO-2 SIF and tower GPP for a total of 64 flux sites across the globe encompassing eight major biomes. OCO-2 SIF showed strong correlations with tower GPP at both midday and daily timescales, with the strongest relationship observed for daily SIF at the 757 nm (R2 = 0.72, p &lt; 0.0001). Strong linear relationships between SIF and GPP were consistently found for all biomes (R2 = 0.57–0.79, p &lt; 0.0001) except evergreen broadleaf forests (R2 = 0.16, p &lt; 0.05) at the daily timescale. A higher slope was found for C4 grasslands and croplands than for C3 ecosystems. The generally consistent slope of the relationship among biomes suggests a nearly universal rather than biome-specific SIF–GPP relationship, and this finding is an important distinction and simplification compared to previous results. SIF was mainly driven by absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and was also influenced by environmental stresses (temperature and water stresses) that determine photosynthetic light use efficiency. OCO-2 SIF generally had a better performance for predicting GPP than satellite-derived vegetation indices and a light use efficiency model. The universal SIF–GPP relationship can potentially lead to more accurate GPP estimates regionally or globally. Our findings revealed the remarkable ability of finer resolution SIF observations from OCO-2 and other new or future missions (e.g., TROPOMI, FLEX) for estimating terrestrial photosynthesis across a wide variety of biomes and identified their potential and limitations for ecosystem functioning and carbon cycle studies.</abstract>
			<url hash="3c92fd0a">G18-69001</url>
			<pages>3990-4008</pages>
			<doi>10.1111/gcb.14297</doi>
			<bibkey>Li-2018-Solar‐induced</bibkey>
			<project>prj41</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>Cross‐scale controls on carbon emissions from boreal forest megafires</title>
			<author>
				<first>Xanthe J.</first>
				<last>Walker</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Brendan M.</first>
				<last>Rogers</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jennifer L.</first>
				<last>Baltzer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Steven G.</first>
				<last>Cumming</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nicola J.</first>
				<last>Day</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Scott J.</first>
				<last>Goetz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jill F.</first>
				<last>Johnstone</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Edward A. G.</first>
				<last>Schuur</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. R.</first>
				<last>Turetsky</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michelle C.</first>
				<last>Mack</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Climate warming and drying is associated with increased wildfire disturbance and the emergence of megafires in North American boreal forests. Changes to the fire regime are expected to strongly increase combustion emissions of carbon (C) which could alter regional C balance and positively feedback to climate warming. In order to accurately estimate C emissions and thereby better predict future climate feedbacks, there is a need to understand the major sources of heterogeneity that impact C emissions at different scales. Here, we examined 211 field plots in boreal forests dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana) or jack pine (Pinus banksiana) of the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada after an unprecedentedly large area burned in 2014. We assessed both aboveground and soil organic layer (SOL) combustion, with the goal of determining the major drivers in total C emissions, as well as to develop a high spatial resolution model to scale emissions in a relatively understudied region of the boreal forest. On average, 3.35 kg C m−2 was combusted and almost 90% of this was from SOL combustion. Our results indicate that black spruce stands located at landscape positions with intermediate drainage contribute the most to C emissions. Indices associated with fire weather and date of burn did not impact emissions, which we attribute to the extreme fire weather over a short period of time. Using these results, we estimated a total of 94.3 Tg C emitted from 2.85 Mha of burned area across the entire 2014 NWT fire complex, which offsets almost 50% of mean annual net ecosystem production in terrestrial ecosystems of Canada. Our study also highlights the need for fine-scale estimates of burned area that represent small water bodies and regionally specific calibrations of combustion that account for spatial heterogeneity in order to accurately model emissions at the continental scale.</abstract>
			<url hash="a59bacb0">G18-69002</url>
			<pages>4251-4265</pages>
			<doi>10.1111/gcb.14287</doi>
			<bibkey>Walker-2018-Cross‐scale</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="70">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, Volume 44, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>Informa UK Limited</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Coherence of Radarsat-2, Sentinel-1, and ALOS-1 PALSAR for monitoring spatiotemporal variations of river ice covers</title>
			<author>
				<first>Zhaoqin</first>
				<last>Li</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Karl–Erich</first>
				<last>Lindenschmidt</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Monitoring spatiotemporal variations of river ice covers is critical for selecting safe ice transportation routes. The coherence of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) conveys imp...</abstract>
			<url hash="7cfa9b30">G18-70001</url>
			<pages>11-25</pages>
			<doi>10.1080/07038992.2018.1419424</doi>
			<bibkey>Li-2018-Coherence</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="71">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, Volume 12, Issue 02</booktitle>
			<publisher>SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Monitoring river ice cover development using the Freeman–Durden decomposition of quad-pol Radarsat-2 images</title>
			<author>
				<first>Karl–Erich</first>
				<last>Lindenschmidt</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Zhaoqin</first>
				<last>Li</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>The monitoring of river ice development is a crucial guidance indicator to establish safe crossings along river ice covers. This is the first study, based on our knowledge, to understand the interactions between river ice cover structures and radar signals and to further monitor ice development using C-band synthetic aperture radar images. The study was applied to the Slave River, Canada, using the Freeman–Durden decomposition of quad-pol C-band Radarsat-2 FQ14W images and ice core crystallography analysis. Results demonstrate that the combination of volume and surface scattering can be used to monitor ice cover development that cannot be interpreted from single polarization images, such as Radarsat-2 spotlight images used in this study. These results indicate that the decomposed quad-pol Radarsat-2 images can provide a more effective guide than the single-pol Radarsat-2 SLA images to select safe ice transportation routes. This decomposition approach can be extended to other snow and ice covered rivers.</abstract>
			<url hash="c446fc55">G18-71001</url>
			<pages>1</pages>
			<doi>10.1117/1.jrs.12.026014</doi>
			<bibkey>Lindenschmidt-2018-Monitoring</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="72">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Biogeosciences, Volume 15, Issue 17</booktitle>
			<publisher>Copernicus GmbH</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Reviews and syntheses: Changing ecosystem influences on soil thermal regimes in northern high-latitude permafrost regions</title>
			<author>
				<first>M. M.</first>
				<last>Loranty</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Benjamin W.</first>
				<last>Abbott</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Daan</first>
				<last>Blok</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Thomas A.</first>
				<last>Douglas</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Howard E.</first>
				<last>Epstein</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bruce C.</first>
				<last>Forbes</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Benjamin</first>
				<last>Jones</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alexander</first>
				<last>Kholodov</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Heather</first>
				<last>Kropp</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Avni</first>
				<last>Malhotra</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Steven D.</first>
				<last>Mamet</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Isla H.</first>
				<last>Myers‐Smith</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Susan M.</first>
				<last>Natali</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. A.</first>
				<last>O’Donnell</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gareth K.</first>
				<last>Phoenix</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>A. V.</first>
				<last>Rocha</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Oliver</first>
				<last>Sonnentag</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ken D.</first>
				<last>Tape</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Donald A.</first>
				<last>Walker</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. Soils in Arctic and boreal ecosystems store twice as much carbon as the atmosphere, a portion of which may be released as high-latitude soils warm. Some of the uncertainty in the timing and magnitude of the permafrost–climate feedback stems from complex interactions between ecosystem properties and soil thermal dynamics. Terrestrial ecosystems fundamentally regulate the response of permafrost to climate change by influencing surface energy partitioning and the thermal properties of soil itself. Here we review how Arctic and boreal ecosystem processes influence thermal dynamics in permafrost soil and how these linkages may evolve in response to climate change. While many of the ecosystem characteristics and processes affecting soil thermal dynamics have been examined individually (e.g., vegetation, soil moisture, and soil structure), interactions among these processes are less understood. Changes in ecosystem type and vegetation characteristics will alter spatial patterns of interactions between climate and permafrost. In addition to shrub expansion, other vegetation responses to changes in climate and rapidly changing disturbance regimes will affect ecosystem surface energy partitioning in ways that are important for permafrost. Lastly, changes in vegetation and ecosystem distribution will lead to regional and global biophysical and biogeochemical climate feedbacks that may compound or offset local impacts on permafrost soils. Consequently, accurate prediction of the permafrost carbon climate feedback will require detailed understanding of changes in terrestrial ecosystem distribution and function, which depend on the net effects of multiple feedback processes operating across scales in space and time.</abstract>
			<url hash="d6f353bb">G18-72001</url>
			<pages>5287-5313</pages>
			<doi>10.5194/bg-15-5287-2018</doi>
			<bibkey>Loranty-2018-Reviews</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="73">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Volume 123, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Geophysical Union (AGU)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Comparison of Big‐Leaf, Two‐Big‐Leaf, and Two‐Leaf Upscaling Schemes for Evapotranspiration Estimation Using Coupled Carbon‐Water Modeling</title>
			<author>
				<first>Xiangzhong</first>
				<last>Luo</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jing M.</first>
				<last>Chen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jane</first>
				<last>Liu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>T. Andrew</first>
				<last>Black</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Holly</first>
				<last>Croft</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>R. M.</first>
				<last>Staebler</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Li</first>
				<last>He</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. Altaf</first>
				<last>Arain</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bin</first>
				<last>Chen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gang</first>
				<last>Mo</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alemu</first>
				<last>Gonsamo</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Harry</first>
				<last>McCaughey</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Author(s): Luo, X; Chen, JM; Liu, J; Black, TA; Croft, H; Staebler, R; He, L; Arain, MA; Chen, B; Mo, G; Gonsamo, A; McCaughey, H | Abstract: Evapotranspiration (ET) is commonly estimated using the Penman-Monteith equation, which assumes that the plant canopy is a big leaf (BL) and the water flux from vegetation is regulated by canopy stomatal conductance (Gs). However, BL has been found to be unsuitable for terrestrial biosphere models built on the carbon-water coupling principle because it fails to capture daily variations of gross primary productivity (GPP). A two-big-leaf scheme (TBL) and a two-leaf scheme (TL) that stratify a canopy into sunlit and shaded leaves have been developed to address this issue. However, there is a lack of comparison of these upscaling schemes for ET estimation, especially on the difference between TBL and TL. We find that TL shows strong performance (r2n=n0.71, root-mean-square errorn=n0.05nmm/h) in estimating ET at nine eddy covariance towers in Canada. BL simulates lower annual ET and GPP than TL and TBL. The biases of estimated ET and GPP increase with leaf area index (LAI) in BL and TBL, and the biases of TL show no trends with LAI. BL miscalculates the portions of light-saturated and light-unsaturated leaves in the canopy, incurring negative biases in its flux estimation. TBL and TL showed improved yet different GPP and ET estimations. This difference is attributed to the lower Gs and intercellular CO2 concentration simulated in TBL compared to their counterparts in TL. We suggest to use TL for ET modeling to avoid the uncertainty propagated from the artificial upscaling of leaf-level processes to the canopy scale in BL and TBL.</abstract>
			<url hash="6e4f34de">G18-73001</url>
			<pages>207-225</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/2017jg003978</doi>
			<bibkey>Luo-2018-Comparison</bibkey>
			<project>prj41</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="74">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 205</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Validation of the SMAP freeze/thaw product using categorical triple collocation</title>
			<author>
				<first>Haobo</first>
				<last>Lyu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kaighin A.</first>
				<last>McColl</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Xinlu</first>
				<last>Li</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chris</first>
				<last>Derksen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Aaron</first>
				<last>Berg</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>T. A.</first>
				<last>Black</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Eugénie</first>
				<last>Euskirchen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. M.</first>
				<last>Loranty</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jouni</first>
				<last>Pulliainen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kimmo</first>
				<last>Rautiainen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tracy</first>
				<last>Rowlandson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alexandre</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>A.</first>
				<last>Royer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alexandre</first>
				<last>Langlois</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jilmarie</first>
				<last>Stephens</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hui</first>
				<last>Lu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Dara</first>
				<last>Entekhabi</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract The landscape freeze/thaw (FT) state plays an important role in local, regional and global weather and climate, but is difficult to monitor. The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite mission provides hemispheric estimates of landscape FT state at a spatial resolution of approximately 36 2  km 2 . Previous validation studies of SMAP and other satellite FT products have compared satellite retrievals with point estimates obtained from in-situ measurements of air and/or soil temperature. Differences between the two are attributed to errors in the satellite retrieval. However, significant differences can occur between satellite and in-situ estimates solely due to differences in scale between the measurements; these differences can be viewed as ‘representativeness errors’ in the in-situ product, caused by using a point estimate to represent a large-scale spatial average. Most previous validation studies of landscape FT state have neglected representativeness errors entirely, resulting in conservative estimates of satellite retrieval skill. In this study, we use a variant of triple collocation called ‘categorical triple collocation’ – a technique that uses model, satellite and in-situ estimates to obtain relative performance rankings of all three products, without neglecting representativeness errors – to validate the SMAP landscape FT product. Performance rankings are obtained for nine sites at northern latitudes. We also investigate differences between using air or soil temperatures to estimate FT state, and between using morning (6 AM) or evening (6 PM) estimates. Overall, at most sites, the SMAP product or in-situ FT measurement is ranked first, and the model FT product is ranked last (although rankings vary across sites). These results suggest SMAP is adding value to model simulations, providing higher-accuracy estimates of landscape FT states compared to models and, in some cases, even in-situ estimates, when representativeness errors are properly accounted for in the validation analysis.</abstract>
			<url hash="f3980c67">G18-74001</url>
			<pages>329-337</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.rse.2017.12.007</doi>
			<bibkey>Lyu-2018-Validation</bibkey>
			<project>prj42</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="75">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Science of The Total Environment, Volume 622-623</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>The role of groundwater discharge fluxes on Si:P ratios in a major tributary to Lake Erie</title>
			<author>
				<first>Taylor</first>
				<last>Maavara</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stephanie</first>
				<last>Slowinski</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Fereidoun</first>
				<last>Rezanezhad</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>K. J. Van</first>
				<last>Meter</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Philippe Van</first>
				<last>Cappellen</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Groundwater discharge can be a major source of nutrients to river systems. Although quantification of groundwater nitrate loading to streams is common, the dependence of surface water silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P) concentrations on groundwater sources has rarely been determined. Additionally, the ability of groundwater discharge to drive surface water Si:P ratios has not been contextualized relative to riverine inputs or in-stream transformations. In this study, we quantify the seasonal dynamics of Si and P cycles in the Grand River (GR) watershed, the largest Canadian watershed draining into Lake Erie, to test our hypothesis that regions of Si-rich groundwater discharge increase surface water Si:P ratios. Historically, both the GR and Lake Erie have been considered stoichiometrically P-limited, where the molar Si:P ratio is greater than the ~16:1 phytoplankton uptake ratio. However, recent trends suggest that eastern Lake Erie may be approaching Si-limitation. We sampled groundwater and surface water for dissolved and reactive particulate Si as well as total dissolved P for 12months within and downstream of a 50-km reach of high groundwater discharge. Our results indicate that groundwater Si:P ratios are lower than the corresponding surface water and that groundwater is a significant source of bioavailable P to surface water. Despite these observations, the watershed remains P-limited for the majority of the year, with localized periods of Si-limitation. We further find that groundwater Si:P ratios are a relatively minor driver of surface water Si:P, but that the magnitude of Si and P loads from groundwater represent a large proportion of the overall fluxes to Lake Erie.</abstract>
			<url hash="4b246b02">G18-75001</url>
			<pages>814-824</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.024</doi>
			<bibkey>Maavara-2018-The</bibkey>
			<project>prj22</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="76">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Volume 248</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Water and energy fluxes over northern prairies as affected by chinook winds and winter precipitation</title>
			<author>
				<first>Matthew K.</first>
				<last>MacDonald</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John W.</first>
				<last>Pomeroy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Richard</first>
				<last>Essery</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Chinooks are the North American variety of foehn: strong, warm and dry winds that descend lee mountain slopes. The strong wind speeds, high temperatures and substantial humidity deficits have been hypothesized to remove important prairie near-surface water storage from agricultural fields via evaporation, sublimation and blowing snow, as well as change the phase of near surface water via snowmelt and ground thaw. This paper presents observations of surface energy and water balances from eddy covariance instrumentation deployed at three open sites in southern Alberta, Canada during winter 2011–2012. Energy balances, snow and soil moisture budgets of three select chinook events were analysed in detail. These three events ranged in duration from two to nine days, and are representative of winter through early spring chinooks. Precipitation data from gauges and reanalyses (CaPA and ERA-interim) were used to assess water balances. Variations in precipitation and snowpacks caused the greatest differences in energy and water balances. Cumulative winter precipitation varied by a factor of two over the three sites: heaviest at the more northern site immediately east of the Rocky Mountains and lightest at the easternmost and southernmost site. The temporal progression of chinook-driven surface water loss is explained, beginning with strong blowing snow events through to evaporation of meltwater as snowpacks disappear. At the two sites with considerable winter precipitation and snowcover, large upward latent heat fluxes, often exceeding 100 W m−2, were driven by downward sensible heat fluxes but were unrelated to net radiation. Conversely, at the southernmost site with little snowcover, upward latent heat fluxes were much smaller (less than 50 W m−2) and were associated with periods of positive net radiation. Upward sensible heat fluxes during periods of positive net radiation were observed at this site throughout winter, but were not observed at the more northerly sites until March when the snowcovers ablated. Daily sublimation plus evaporation rates during chinooks at the sites with heaviest and lightest precipitation were 1.3–2.1 mm/day and 0.1–0.3 mm/day, respectively. Evaporation of soil water occurred while soils were partially to fully unfrozen in November. There was little change in soil water content between fall freeze-up and spring thaw (December through most of March), indicating that over-winter infiltration was balanced by soil water evaporation and both terms were likely to be small. Winter precipitation resulted in only 2% to 4% increases in near-surface water storage at the more northern sites with greater precipitation, whereas there was a net loss over winter at the southernmost site.</abstract>
			<url hash="5991c4ec">G18-76001</url>
			<pages>372-385</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.025</doi>
			<bibkey>MacDonald-2018-Water</bibkey>
			<project>prj36</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="77">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Great Lakes Research, Volume 44, Issue 6</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>The spatial and temporal distribution of metals in an urban stream: A case study of the Don River in Toronto, Canada</title>
			<author>
				<first>Sannan Zahid</first>
				<last>Mansoor</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sana</first>
				<last>Louie</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ana T.</first>
				<last>Lima</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Philippe Van</first>
				<last>Cappellen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bruce</first>
				<last>MacVicar</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Widespread growth of cities, the association of trace metals with urban runoff, and the potentially deleterious effect of metals on aquatic ecology have made it important to understand the distribution and transport of metals through surface water channel networks. The Don River in Toronto, Canada has been identified as an Area of Concern for pollution to Lake Ontario, with historically high levels of metal contamination. Sampling programs are sparse, therefore a model is needed to understand the spatial and temporal variability of metals in the river network. The objectives of the current study are to: i) describe the sampled spatial and temporal variability of metals in the Don River and ii) develop a modelling strategy to describe within flood metal transport dynamics. A model setup tool is developed that links Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) with the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) to allow a seamless transition from catchment hydrology to in-stream hydraulic and chemical processes. Results show that lead pollution in the Don River is decreasing, likely as a result of policy changes and sediment dredging in the mouth of the river. However, zinc and copper pollution are increasingly problematic, with copper exceeding recommended lower guidelines, particularly during floods. Model results confirm that most of the sediment and metals are transported in relatively short bursts within longer flood durations and are stored in depositional hotspots within the Lower Don River. A better monitoring strategy is needed to understand and more accurately parametrize these processes in an urban river system.</abstract>
			<url hash="e12da389">G18-77001</url>
			<pages>1314-1326</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.jglr.2018.08.010</doi>
			<bibkey>Mansoor-2018-The</bibkey>
			<project>prj24</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="78">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Computers &amp; Geosciences, Volume 119</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Multi-objective unstructured triangular mesh generation for use in hydrological and land surface models</title>
			<author>
				<first>Christopher B.</first>
				<last>Marsh</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Raymond J.</first>
				<last>Spiteri</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John W.</first>
				<last>Pomeroy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>H. S.</first>
				<last>Wheater</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Unstructured triangular meshes are an efficient and effective landscape representation that are suitable for use in distributed hydrological and land surface models. Their variable spatial resolution provides similar spatial performance to high-resolution structured grids while using only a fraction of the number of elements. Many existing triangulation methods either sacrifice triangle quality to introduce variable resolution or maintain well-formed uniform meshes at the expense of variable triangle resolution. They are also generally constructed to only fulfil topographic constraints. However, distributed hydrological and land surface models require triangles of varying resolution to provide landscape representations that accurately represent the spatial heterogeneity of driving meteorology, physical parameters and process operation in the simulation domain. As such, mesh generators need to constrain the unstructured mesh to not only topography but to other important surface and sub-surface features. This work presents novel multi-objective unstructured mesh generation software that allows mesh generation to be constrained to an arbitrary number of important features while maintaining a variable spatial resolution. Triangle quality is supported as well as a smooth gradation from small to large triangles. Including these additional constraints results in a better representation of spatial heterogeneity than from classic topography-only constraints.</abstract>
			<url hash="b94eb3df">G18-78001</url>
			<pages>49-67</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.cageo.2018.06.009</doi>
			<bibkey>Marsh-2018-Multi-objective</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="79">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Conservation Letters, Volume 11, Issue 6</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Prioritizing recovery funding to maximize conservation of endangered species</title>
			<author>
				<first>Tara G.</first>
				<last>Martin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Laura</first>
				<last>Kehoe</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chrystal</first>
				<last>Mantyka‐Pringle</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Iadine</first>
				<last>Chadès</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Scott</first>
				<last>Wilson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Robin G.</first>
				<last>Bloom</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stephen K.</first>
				<last>Davis</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ryan J.</first>
				<last>Fisher</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jeff</first>
				<last>Keith</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Katherine R.</first>
				<last>Mehl</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Beatriz Prieto</first>
				<last>Diaz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mark</first>
				<last>Wayland</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Troy I.</first>
				<last>Wellicome</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Karl P.</first>
				<last>Zimmer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Paul A.</first>
				<last>Smith</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>The absence of a rigorous mechanism for prioritizing investment in endangered species management is a major implementation hurdle affecting recovery. Here, we present a method for prioritizing strategies for endangered species management based on the likelihood of achieving species' recovery goals per dollar invested. We demonstrate our approach for 15 species listed under Canada's Species at Risk Act that co-occur in Southwestern Saskatchewan. Without management, only two species have &gt;50% probability of meeting recovery objectives; whereas, with management, 13 species exceed the &gt;50% threshold with the implementation of just five complementary strategies at a cost of $126m over 20 years. The likelihood of meeting recovery objectives rarely exceeded 70% and two species failed to reach the &gt;50% threshold. Our findings underscore the need to consider the cost, benefit, and feasibility of management strategies when developing recovery plans in order to prioritize implementation in a timely and cost-effective manner.</abstract>
			<url hash="01f2d4ba">G18-79001</url>
			<pages>e12604</pages>
			<doi>10.1111/conl.12604</doi>
			<bibkey>Martin-2018-Prioritizing</bibkey>
			<project>prj33</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="80">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Scientific Reports, Volume 8, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Projecting groundwater storage changes in California’s Central Valley</title>
			<author>
				<first>Elias</first>
				<last>Massoud</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>A. J.</first>
				<last>Purdy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michelle E.</first>
				<last>Miro</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. S.</first>
				<last>Famiglietti</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Accurate and detailed knowledge of California's groundwater is of paramount importance for statewide water resources planning and management, and to sustain a multi-billion-dollar agriculture industry during prolonged droughts. In this study, we use water supply and demand information from California's Department of Water Resources to develop an aggregate groundwater storage model for California's Central Valley. The model is evaluated against 34 years of historic estimates of changes in groundwater storage derived from the United States Geological Survey's Central Valley Hydrologic Model (USGS CVHM) and NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (NASA GRACE) satellites. The calibrated model is then applied to predict future changes in groundwater storage for the years 2015-2050 under various precipitation scenarios from downscaled climate projections. We also discuss and project potential management strategies across different annual supply and demand variables and how they affect changes in groundwater storage. All simulations support the need for collective statewide management intervention to prevent continued depletion of groundwater availability.</abstract>
			<url hash="feaa0ce1">G18-80001</url>
			<doi>10.1038/s41598-018-31210-1</doi>
			<bibkey>Massoud-2018-Projecting</bibkey>
			<project>prj46</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>Trends in the Timing and Magnitude of Ice-Jam Floods in Canada</title>
			<author>
				<first>Prabin</first>
				<last>Rokaya</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sujata</first>
				<last>Budhathoki</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Karl–Erich</first>
				<last>Lindenschmidt</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Ice-jam floods (IJFs) are important hydrological and hydraulic events in the northern hemisphere that are of major concern for citizens, authorities, insurance companies and government agencies. In recent years, there have been advances in assessing and quantifying climate change impacts on river ice processes, however, an understanding of climate change and regulation impacts on the timing and magnitude of IJFs remains limited. This study presents a global overview of IJF case studies and discusses IJF risks in North America, one of the most IJF prone regions according to literature. Then an assessment of shifts in the timing and magnitude of IJFs in Canada is presented analyzing flow data from 1107 hydrometric stations across Canada for the period from 1903 to 2015. The analyses show clear signals of climate change and regulation impacts in the timing and magnitude of IJFs, particularly in small basins.</abstract>
			<url hash="67a35d5b">G18-80002</url>
			<doi>10.1038/s41598-018-24057-z</doi>
			<bibkey>Rokaya-2018-Trends</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="81">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, Volume 7, Issue 3</booktitle>
			<publisher>Copernicus GmbH</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Dielectric characterization of vegetation at L band using an open-ended coaxial probe</title>
			<author>
				<first>Alex</first>
				<last>Mavrovic</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alexandre</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>A.</first>
				<last>Royer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bilal</first>
				<last>Filali</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>F.R.</first>
				<last>Boone</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christoforos</first>
				<last>Pappas</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Oliver</first>
				<last>Sonnentag</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. Decoupling the integrated microwave signal originating from soil and vegetation remains a challenge for all microwave remote sensing applications. To improve satellite and airborne microwave data products in forest environments, a precise and reliable estimation of the relative permittivity (ε=ε′-iε′′) of trees is required. We developed an open-ended coaxial probe suitable for in situ permittivity measurements of tree trunks at L-band frequencies (1–2 GHz). The probe is characterized by uncertainty ratios under 3.3 % for a broad range of relative permittivities (unitless), [2–40] for ε′ and [0.1–20] for ε′′. We quantified the complex number describing the permittivity of seven different tree species in both frozen and thawed states: black spruce, larch, red spruce, balsam fir, red pine, aspen and black cherry. Permittivity variability is substantial and can range up to 300 % for certain species. Our results show that the permittivity of wood is linked to the freeze–thaw state of vegetation and that even short winter thaw events can lead to an increase in vegetation permittivity. The open-ended coaxial probe proved to be precise enough to capture the diurnal cycle of water storage inside the trunk for the length of the growing season.</abstract>
			<url hash="46166b84">G18-81001</url>
			<pages>195-208</pages>
			<doi>10.5194/gi-7-195-2018</doi>
			<bibkey>Mavrovic-2018-Dielectric</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="82">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Wetlands Ecology and Management, Volume 26, Issue 6</booktitle>
			<publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Delineating boreal plains bog margin ecotones across hydrogeological settings for wildfire risk management</title>
			<author>
				<first>Kristyn M.</first>
				<last>Mayner</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Paul A.</first>
				<last>Moore</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sophie</first>
				<last>Wilkinson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Richard M.</first>
				<last>Petrone</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. M.</first>
				<last>Waddington</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Canada’s Boreal Plains peatland vegetation species assemblages are characterized by their functional ecosystem roles and feedbacks, which are important for carbon and water storage in a sub-humid climate. The vegetation communities at the peatland-upland interface, or the peatland margin ecotone, have not been extensively delineated or characterized as a distinct ecotone. Because these ecotones constitute a smouldering “hotspot” during wildfire, with carbon loss from these margins accounting for 50–90% of total peatland carbon loss, their delineation is critical. Post-fire, areas of severe peat smouldering have previously been shown to undergo shifts in vegetation community composition, resulting in a loss of key peatland ecohydrological functions. The aim of this study was to delineate Boreal Plains peatland margin ecotones and assess their prevalence across the landscape. Using split moving window analysis on vegetation transect data from a chronosequence of study sites, the margin ecotones were delineated at sites having different times since fire. No significant differences were identified in margin width over time or margin peat depths across hydrogeological settings. However, with peat depths of up to 2.46 m in small peatlands characteristic of moraine and glaciofluvial deposits, vulnerable margin peat has been demonstrated to represent a significant carbon store. Fire managers employing peatland fuel treatments for wildfire abatement and community protection should consider these confined peatlands more carefully to mitigate catastrophic carbon losses. Further, we suggest that a greater understanding is needed of the roles of peatland margin ecotones in sustaining peatland autogenic feedback mechanisms that promote paludification and recovery following wildfire.</abstract>
			<url hash="54a3c46a">G18-82001</url>
			<pages>1037-1046</pages>
			<doi>10.1007/s11273-018-9636-5</doi>
			<bibkey>Mayner-2018-Delineating</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="83">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Forest Ecology and Management, Volume 419-420</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Influence of seasonal temperature on tree-ring δ13C in different-aged temperate pine forests</title>
			<author>
				<first>Shawn</first>
				<last>McKenzie</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>G. F.</first>
				<last>Slater</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sang‐Tae</first>
				<last>Kim</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michael F. J.</first>
				<last>Pisaric</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. Altaf</first>
				<last>Arain</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Tree growth rings from three specimens in two different aged (14- and 77-year old) white pine plantation forests were analyzed for stable carbon isotope ratios to identify both short- and long-term variations in physiological response to changing environmental conditions. Three isotopic (δ13Ccorr) time series records were constructed from whole wood samples extracted from paths parallel to the growth rings in each forest. These δ13Ccorr records were corrected for the long-term anthropogenically induced CO2 and compared to historical climate (temperature, precipitation) data from 1935 to 2016. High resolution inter-annual variations in trees in each stand displayed similar intra-annual cycles in δ13Ccorr, demonstrating the seasonal physiological response of these forests to environmental stressors. In both stands, growing season temperature acted as a significant control (p</abstract>
			<url hash="ec1fa30f">G18-83001</url>
			<pages>197-205</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.foreco.2018.03.042</doi>
			<bibkey>McKenzie-2018-Influence</bibkey>
			<project>prj41</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="84">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Volume 224</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Impacts of wastewater treatment plant effluent on energetics and stress response of rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum) in the Grand River watershed</title>
			<author>
				<first>Hossein</first>
				<last>Mehdi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Fiona H.</first>
				<last>Dickson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Leslie M.</first>
				<last>Bragg</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mark R.</first>
				<last>Servos</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Paul M.</first>
				<last>Craig</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>The objective of this study was to assess the effects of municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent on the energetics and stress response of rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum). Male and female rainbow darter were collected upstream and downstream of the Waterloo WWTP in the Grand River watershed, ON, Canada. To assess the effects of wastewater treatment plant effluent on whole-body and tissue specific metabolic capacity, closed-chamber respirometry and muscle-enzyme activity analyses were performed. Plasma cortisol was also collected from fish before and after an acute air-exposure stressor to evaluate the cortisol stress response in fish exposed to additional stressors. Male and female rainbow darter collected downstream of the effluent had higher oxygen consumption rates, while differences in enzyme activities were primarily associated with sex rather than collection site. No impairment in the cortisol stress response between downstream and upstream fish was observed, however baseline cortisol levels in female fish from the downstream site were significantly higher compared to other baseline groups. Stress-induced cortisol levels were also higher in female fish from both sites when compared to their male counterparts. Overall, this study demonstrates that chronic exposure to WWTP effluent impacts whole-body metabolic performance. This study was also able to demonstrate that sex-differences are a key determinant of various metabolic changes in response to physiological stress, thereby, providing a novel avenue to be considered and further explored.</abstract>
			<url hash="71c89bb6">G18-84001</url>
			<pages>270-279</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.11.011</doi>
			<bibkey>Mehdi-2018-Impacts</bibkey>
			<project>prj23</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="85">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Biogeosciences, Volume 15, Issue 5</booktitle>
			<publisher>Copernicus GmbH</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Impacts of droughts and extreme-temperature events on gross primary production and ecosystem respiration: a systematic assessment across ecosystems and climate zones</title>
			<author>
				<first>J. von</first>
				<last>Buttlar</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jakob</first>
				<last>Zscheischler</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Anja</first>
				<last>Rammig</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sebastian</first>
				<last>Sippel</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Markus</first>
				<last>Reichstein</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alexander</first>
				<last>Knohl</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Martin</first>
				<last>Jung</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Olaf</first>
				<last>Menzer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. Altaf</first>
				<last>Arain</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nina</first>
				<last>Buchmann</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alessandro</first>
				<last>Cescatti</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Damiano</first>
				<last>Gianelle</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gérard</first>
				<last>Kiely</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>B. E.</first>
				<last>Law</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Vincenzo</first>
				<last>Magliulo</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hank A.</first>
				<last>Margolis</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Harry</first>
				<last>McCaughey</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lutz</first>
				<last>Merbold</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mirco</first>
				<last>Migliavacca</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Leonardo</first>
				<last>Montagnani</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Walter C.</first>
				<last>Oechel</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Marián</first>
				<last>Pavelka</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthias</first>
				<last>Peichl</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Serge</first>
				<last>Rambal</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>A.</first>
				<last>Raschi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Russell L.</first>
				<last>Scott</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Francesco Primo</first>
				<last>Vaccari</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Eva van</first>
				<last>Gorsel</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Andrej</first>
				<last>Varlagin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Georg</first>
				<last>Wohlfahrt</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Miguel D.</first>
				<last>Mahecha</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. Extreme climatic events, such as droughts and heat stress, induce anomalies in ecosystem–atmosphere CO2 fluxes, such as gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco), and, hence, can change the net ecosystem carbon balance. However, despite our increasing understanding of the underlying mechanisms, the magnitudes of the impacts of different types of extremes on GPP and Reco within and between ecosystems remain poorly predicted. Here we aim to identify the major factors controlling the amplitude of extreme-event impacts on GPP, Reco, and the resulting net ecosystem production (NEP). We focus on the impacts of heat and drought and their combination. We identified hydrometeorological extreme events in consistently downscaled water availability and temperature measurements over a 30-year time period. We then used FLUXNET eddy covariance flux measurements to estimate the CO2 flux anomalies during these extreme events across dominant vegetation types and climate zones. Overall, our results indicate that short-term heat extremes increased respiration more strongly than they downregulated GPP, resulting in a moderate reduction in the ecosystem's carbon sink potential. In the absence of heat stress, droughts tended to have smaller and similarly dampening effects on both GPP and Reco and, hence, often resulted in neutral NEP responses. The combination of drought and heat typically led to a strong decrease in GPP, whereas heat and drought impacts on respiration partially offset each other. Taken together, compound heat and drought events led to the strongest C sink reduction compared to any single-factor extreme. A key insight of this paper, however, is that duration matters most: for heat stress during droughts, the magnitude of impacts systematically increased with duration, whereas under heat stress without drought, the response of Reco over time turned from an initial increase to a downregulation after about 2 weeks. This confirms earlier theories that not only the magnitude but also the duration of an extreme event determines its impact. Our study corroborates the results of several local site-level case studies but as a novelty generalizes these findings on the global scale. Specifically, we find that the different response functions of the two antipodal land–atmosphere fluxes GPP and Reco can also result in increasing NEP during certain extreme conditions. Apparently counterintuitive findings of this kind bear great potential for scrutinizing the mechanisms implemented in state-of-the-art terrestrial biosphere models and provide a benchmark for future model development and testing.</abstract>
			<url hash="c974fcd3">G18-85001</url>
			<pages>1293-1318</pages>
			<doi>10.5194/bg-15-1293-2018</doi>
			<bibkey>von Buttlar-2018-Impacts</bibkey>
			<project>prj46</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="86">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Remote Sensing, Volume 10, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>MDPI AG</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Downscaling GRACE Remote Sensing Datasets to High-Resolution Groundwater Storage Change Maps of California’s Central Valley</title>
			<author>
				<first>Michelle E.</first>
				<last>Miro</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. S.</first>
				<last>Famiglietti</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) has already proven to be a powerful data source for regional groundwater assessments in many areas around the world. However, the applicability of GRACE data products to more localized studies and their utility to water management authorities have been constrained by their limited spatial resolution (~200,000 km2). Researchers have begun to address these shortcomings with data assimilation approaches that integrate GRACE-derived total water storage estimates into complex regional models, producing higher-resolution estimates of hydrologic variables (~2500 km2). Here we take those approaches one step further by developing an empirically based model capable of downscaling GRACE data to a high-resolution (~16 km2) dataset of groundwater storage changes over a portion of California’s Central Valley. The model utilizes an artificial neural network to generate a series of high-resolution maps of groundwater storage change from 2002 to 2010 using GRACE estimates of variations in total water storage and a series of widely available hydrologic variables (PRISM precipitation and temperature data, digital elevation model (DEM)-derived slope, and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) soil type). The neural network downscaling model is able to accurately reproduce local groundwater behavior, with acceptable Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values for calibration and validation (ranging from 0.2445 to 0.9577 and 0.0391 to 0.7511, respectively). Ultimately, the model generates maps of local groundwater storage change at a 100-fold higher resolution than GRACE gridded data products without the use of computationally intensive physical models. The model’s simulated maps have the potential for application to local groundwater management initiatives in the region.</abstract>
			<url hash="dbc1533d">G18-86001</url>
			<pages>143</pages>
			<doi>10.3390/rs10010143</doi>
			<bibkey>Miro-2018-Downscaling</bibkey>
			<project>prj46</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="87">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Sustainable Water Resources Management, Volume 5, Issue 3</booktitle>
			<publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>A framework for quantifying sustainable yield under California’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA)</title>
			<author>
				<first>Michelle E.</first>
				<last>Miro</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. S.</first>
				<last>Famiglietti</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>In California, new groundwater legislation—the 2014 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA)—mandates that groundwater sustainability agencies (GSAs) employ the concept of sustainable yield as their primary management goal. However, SGMA’s current definition of sustainable yield does not offer clear guidance for new agencies and lacks grounding in physics. This study presents a novel hydrologically based framework for quantifying sustainable yield under SGMA that is derived from a synthesis of scientific inquiry and analysis. We introduce a flexible three-step approach that basin managers can rely on to quantify sustainable yield values, incorporate the impact of “undesirable results”, and analyze groundwater sustainability over SGMA’s implementation horizon. Our framework is illustrated through a case study of the South San Joaquin Irrigation District, a proposed GSA in one of California’s critically overdrafted groundwater basins. We calculate sustainable yield for three different management scenarios and assess the impact of each scenario on future groundwater sustainability by performing an annual water groundwater balance through 2040. Our sustainable yield framework can be used as a basis for the development of SGMA’s groundwater management plans throughout California.</abstract>
			<url hash="637d3458">G18-87001</url>
			<pages>1165-1177</pages>
			<doi>10.1007/s40899-018-0283-z</doi>
			<bibkey>Miro-2018-A</bibkey>
			<project>prj46</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="88">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Vadose Zone Journal, Volume 17, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Snowmelt Infiltration and Macropore Flow in Frozen Soils: Overview, Knowledge Gaps, and a Conceptual Framework</title>
			<author>
				<first>Aaron A.</first>
				<last>Mohammed</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Barret L.</first>
				<last>Kurylyk</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Edwin E.</first>
				<last>Cey</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Masaki</first>
				<last>Hayashi</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Review highlights the hydrological importance of macropore flow in frozen soils. Governing flow mechanisms and infiltration and refreezing dynamics are discussed. Research is needed to integrate macropore flow and soil freeze–thaw theory. Dual‐domain models of macropore flow should be adapted to frozen ground. A conceptual framework for modeling frozen macroporous soils is proposed.</abstract>
			<url hash="3b1e240e">G18-88001</url>
			<pages>1-15</pages>
			<doi>10.2136/vzj2018.04.0084</doi>
			<bibkey>Mohammed-2018-Snowmelt</bibkey>
			<project>prj33</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>A Coupled Soil Water Balance Model for Simulating Depression‐Focused Groundwater Recharge</title>
			<author>
				<first>Saskia</first>
				<last>Noorduijn</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Masaki</first>
				<last>Hayashi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Getachew Adem</first>
				<last>Mohammed</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Aaron A.</first>
				<last>Mohammed</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Ephemeral ponds in depressions are the foci of groundwater recharge in the Canadian Prairies. Freeze–thaw processes influence snowmelt runoff and depression‐focused recharge. A new water balance model was developed to represent these processes. The water balance model successfully simulated the observed soil processes. This model will provide a tool to estimate recharge in the prairie landscape.</abstract>
			<url hash="a21775b4">G18-88002</url>
			<pages>1-14</pages>
			<doi>10.2136/vzj2017.10.0176</doi>
			<bibkey>Noorduijn-2018-A</bibkey>
			<project>prj33</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="89">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces</booktitle>
			<publisher>ACM</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Improving revisitation in long documents with two-level artificial-landmark scrollbars</title>
			<author>
				<first>Ehsan Sotoodeh</first>
				<last>Mollashahi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Md. Sami</first>
				<last>Uddin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Carl</first>
				<last>Gutwin</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Document readers with linear navigation controls do not work well when users need to navigate to previously-visited locations, particularly when documents are long. Existing solutions - bookmarks, search, history, and read wear - are valuable but limited in terms of effort, clutter, and interpretability. In this paper, we investigate artificial landmarks as a way to improve support for revisitation in long documents - inspired by visual augmentations seen in physical books such as coloring on page edges or indents cut into pages. We developed several artificial-landmark visualizations that can represent locations even in documents that are many hundreds of pages long, and tested them in studies where participants visited multiple locations in long documents. Results show that providing two columns of landmark icons led to significantly better performance and user preference. Artificial landmarks provide a new mechanism to build spatial memory of long documents - and can be used either alone or with existing techniques like bookmarks, read wear, and search.</abstract>
			<url hash="83a2436b">G18-89001</url>
			<doi>10.1145/3206505.3206554</doi>
			<bibkey>Mollashahi-2018-Improving</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="90">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Water, Volume 10, Issue 10</booktitle>
			<publisher>MDPI AG</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Potential Changes of Annual-Averaged Nutrient Export in the South Saskatchewan River Basin under Climate and Land-Use Change Scenarios</title>
			<author>
				<first>L. A.</first>
				<last>Morales-Marín</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>H. S.</first>
				<last>Wheater</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Karl–Erich</first>
				<last>Lindenschmidt</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Climate and land-use changes modify the physical functioning of river basins and, in particular, influence the transport of nutrients from land to water. In large-scale basins, where a variety of climates, topographies, soil types and land uses co-exist to form a highly heterogeneous environment, a more complex nutrient dynamic is imposed by climate and land-use changes. This is the case of the South Saskatchewan River (SSR) that, along with the North Saskatchewan River, forms one of the largest river systems in western Canada. The SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed (SPARROW) model is therefore implemented to assess water quality in the basin, in order to describe spatial and temporal patterns and identify those factors and processes that affect water quality. Forty-five climate and land-use change scenarios comprehended by five General Circulation Models (GCMs) and three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) were incorporated into the model to explain how total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) export could vary across the basin in 30, 60 and 90 years from now. According to model results, annual averages of TN and TP export in the SSR are going to increase in the range 0.9–1.28 kg km − 2 year − 1 and 0.12–0.17 kg km − 2 year − 1 , respectively, by the end of the century, due to climate and land-use changes. Higher increases of TP compared to TN are expected since TP and TN are going to increase ∼36% and ∼21%, respectively, by the end of the century. This research will support management plans in order to mitigate nutrient export under future changes of climate and land use.</abstract>
			<url hash="c3ca2551">G18-90001</url>
			<pages>1438</pages>
			<doi>10.3390/w10101438</doi>
			<bibkey>Morales-Marín-2018-Potential</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="91">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, Volume 43, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>Informa UK Limited</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Flood risk management in the Canadian prairie provinces: Defaulting towards flood resistance and recovery versus resilience</title>
			<author>
				<first>Alasdair</first>
				<last>Morrison</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bram</first>
				<last>Noble</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Cherie J.</first>
				<last>Westbrook</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Major flood events are likely to happen more frequently and be more severe under changing land use and climatic conditions. Adapting to floods using resilience-based flood risk management (FRM) pol...</abstract>
			<url hash="7b764234">G18-91001</url>
			<pages>33-46</pages>
			<doi>10.1080/07011784.2018.1428501</doi>
			<bibkey>Morrison-2018-Flood</bibkey>
			<project>prj28</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="92">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>2018 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing (SCC)</booktitle>
			<publisher>IEEE</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Fine-Grained Attribute Level Locking Scheme for Collaborative Scientific Workflow Development</title>
			<author>
				<first>Golam</first>
				<last>Mostaeen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Banani</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chanchal K.</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kevin A.</first>
				<last>Schneider</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Scientific Workflow Management Systems are being widely used in recent years for data-intensive analysis tasks or domain-specific discoveries. It often becomes challenging for an individual to effectively analyze the large scale scientific data of relatively higher complexity and dimensions, and requires a collaboration of multiple members of different disciplines. Hence, researchers have focused on designing collaborative workflow management systems. However, consistency management in the face of conflicting concurrent operations of the collaborators is a major challenge in such systems. In this paper, we propose a locking scheme (e.g., collaborator gets write access to non-conflicting components of the workflow at a given time) to facilitate consistency management in collaborative scientific workflow management systems. The proposed method allows locking workflow components at a granular level in addition to supporting locks on a targeted part of the collaborative workflow. We conducted several experiments to analyze the performance of the proposed method in comparison to related existing methods. Our studies show that the proposed method can reduce the average waiting time of a collaborator by up to 36.19% in comparison to existing descendent modular level locking techniques for collaborative scientific workflow management systems.</abstract>
			<url hash="69c3edda">G18-92001</url>
			<doi>10.1109/scc.2018.00047</doi>
			<bibkey>Mostaeen-2018-Fine-Grained</bibkey>
			<project>prj8</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="93">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Climate, Volume 31, Issue 9</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Meteorological Society</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Revising Return Periods for Record Events in a Climate Event Attribution Context</title>
			<author>
				<first>Philippe</first>
				<last>Naveau</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Aurélien</first>
				<last>Ribes</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Francis W.</first>
				<last>Zwiers</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alexis</first>
				<last>Hannart</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alexandre</first>
				<last>Tuel</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Pascal</first>
				<last>Yiou</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Both climate and statistical models play an essential role in the process of demonstrating that the distribution of some atmospheric variable has changed over time and in establishing the most likely causes for the detected change. One statistical difficulty in the research field of detection and attribution resides in defining events that can be easily compared and accurately inferred from reasonable sample sizes. As many impacts studies focus on extreme events, the inference of small probabilities and the computation of their associated uncertainties quickly become challenging. In the particular context of event attribution, the authors address the question of how to compare records between the counterfactual “world as it might have been” without anthropogenic forcings and the factual “world that is.” Records are often the most important events in terms of impact and get much media attention. The authors will show how to efficiently estimate the ratio of two small probabilities of records. The inferential gain is particularly substantial when a simple hypothesis-testing procedure is implemented. The theoretical justification of such a proposed scheme can be found in extreme value theory. To illustrate this study’s approach, classical indicators in event attribution studies, like the risk ratio or the fraction of attributable risk, are modified and tailored to handle records. The authors illustrate the advantages of their method through theoretical results, simulation studies, temperature records in Paris, and outputs from a numerical climate model.</abstract>
			<url hash="d17f8abf">G18-93001</url>
			<pages>3411-3422</pages>
			<doi>10.1175/jcli-d-16-0752.1</doi>
			<bibkey>Naveau-2018-Revising</bibkey>
			<project>prj5</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="94">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Tree Physiology, Volume 38, Issue 7</booktitle>
			<publisher>Oxford University Press (OUP)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Boreal tree hydrodynamics: asynchronous, diverging, yet complementary</title>
			<author>
				<first>Christoforos</first>
				<last>Pappas</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ashley M.</first>
				<last>Matheny</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jennifer L.</first>
				<last>Baltzer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alan G.</first>
				<last>Barr</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>T. Andrew</first>
				<last>Black</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gil</first>
				<last>Bohrer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matteo</first>
				<last>Detto</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jason</first>
				<last>Maillet</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alexandre</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Oliver</first>
				<last>Sonnentag</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jilmarie</first>
				<last>Stephens</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Water stress has been identified as a key mechanism of the contemporary increase in tree mortality rates in northwestern North America. However, a detailed analysis of boreal tree hydrodynamics and their interspecific differences is still lacking. Here we examine the hydraulic behaviour of co-occurring larch (Larix laricina) and black spruce (Picea mariana), two characteristic boreal tree species, near the southern limit of the boreal ecozone in central Canada. Sap flux density (Js), concurrently recorded stem radius fluctuations and meteorological conditions are used to quantify tree hydraulic functioning and to scrutinize tree water-use strategies. Our analysis revealed asynchrony in the diel hydrodynamics of the two species with the initial rise in Js occurring 2 h earlier in larch than in black spruce. Interspecific differences in larch and black spruce crown architecture explained the observed asynchrony in their hydraulic functioning. Furthermore, the two species exhibited diverging stomatal regulation strategies with larch and black spruce employing relatively isohydric and anisohydric behaviour, respectively. Such asynchronous and diverging tree-level hydrodynamics provide new insights into the ecosystem-level complementarity in tree form and function, with implications for understanding boreal forests' water and carbon dynamics and their resilience to environmental stress.</abstract>
			<url hash="4ca8b206">G18-94001</url>
			<pages>953-964</pages>
			<doi>10.1093/treephys/tpy043</doi>
			<bibkey>Pappas-2018-Boreal</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="95">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Volume 48, Issue 12</booktitle>
			<publisher>Canadian Science Publishing</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Scénarios de probabilité et puissance potentielle des feux de végétation dans le département des Landes, France</title>
			<author>
				<first>Marc‐André</first>
				<last>Parisien</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>François</first>
				<last>Robinne</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J Ignacio de Ulibarri</first>
				<last>Perez</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bruno</first>
				<last>Denave</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Evan R.</first>
				<last>DeLancey</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>C.</first>
				<last>Doche</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Le sud-ouest de la France n’a pas connu d’incendie majeur depuis plusieurs decennies, mais il presente un fort potentiel de feu de grande ampleur. Cette menace concerne la securite de la population...</abstract>
			<url hash="f414d563">G18-95001</url>
			<pages>1587-1600</pages>
			<doi>10.1139/cjfr-2018-0223</doi>
			<bibkey>Parisien-2018-Scénarios</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>The effects of black spruce fuel management on surface fuel condition and peat burn severity in an experimental fire</title>
			<author>
				<first>Sophie</first>
				<last>Wilkinson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Paul A.</first>
				<last>Moore</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Dan K.</first>
				<last>Thompson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>B. M.</first>
				<last>Wotton</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Steven</first>
				<last>Hvenegaard</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Dave</first>
				<last>Schroeder</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. M.</first>
				<last>Waddington</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>In the boreal plains ecozone, black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns &amp; Poggenb.) peatlands can represent large parts of the expanding wildland–urban interface (WUI) and wildland–indust...</abstract>
			<url hash="6d1d84d9">G18-95002</url>
			<pages>1433-1440</pages>
			<doi>10.1139/cjfr-2018-0217</doi>
			<bibkey>Wilkinson-2018-The</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="96">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Ecological Economics, Volume 147</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Wetlands, Flood Control and Ecosystem Services in the Smith Creek Drainage Basin: A Case Study in Saskatchewan, Canada</title>
			<author>
				<first>John K.</first>
				<last>Pattison‐Williams</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John W.</first>
				<last>Pomeroy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Pascal</first>
				<last>Badiou</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Shane</first>
				<last>Gabor</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract This paper applies a social return on investment (SROI) analysis to the issue of flood control and wetland conservation in the Smith Creek basin of southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada. Basin hydrological modeling applied to wetland loss and restoration scenarios in the study area provides local estimates of the ecosystem service (ES) provision related to flood control and nutrient removal. Locally appropriate monetary values are applied to these services to gauge the cost effectiveness of wetland conservation funding at two levels: flood control capacity alone and then incorporating a suite of ES. SROI ratios for flood control alone provide ratios between 3.17 (retention) and 0.80 (full restoration) over 30 years; when other ES are included, the ratios increase, ranging from 7.70 (retention) to 2.98 (full restoration) over 30 years. Retention of existing wetlands provides the highest SROI and therefore we argue that government policy should focus on preventing further loss of wetlands as a strategic investment opportunity. Overall, these results indicate that wetland retention is an economically viable solution to limit the financial, social and environmental damages of flooding in Saskatchewan specifically and the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) generally.</abstract>
			<url hash="e6a17a8d">G18-96001</url>
			<pages>36-47</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.12.026</doi>
			<bibkey>Pattison-Williams-2018-Wetlands,</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="97">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Hydrology, Volume 563</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Transformation of snow isotopic signature along groundwater recharge pathways in the Canadian Prairies</title>
			<author>
				<first>Igor</first>
				<last>Pavlovskii</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Masaki</first>
				<last>Hayashi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthew R.</first>
				<last>Lennon</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Application of stable isotope methods to evaluate the contribution of different water sources to groundwater recharge relies on the knowledge about isotopic signatures of these sources. The data collected at study sites in the Canadian Prairies show that snowpack isotopic signatures exhibit a high spatial variability over a small scale (</abstract>
			<url hash="5e1d1de8">G18-97001</url>
			<pages>1147-1160</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.09.053</doi>
			<bibkey>Pavlovskii-2018-Transformation</bibkey>
			<project>prj33</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="98">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>New Phytologist, Volume 219, Issue 4</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Quantification of uncertainties in conifer sap flow measured with the thermal dissipation method</title>
			<author>
				<first>Richard L.</first>
				<last>Peters</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Patrick</first>
				<last>Fonti</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>David</first>
				<last>Frank</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Rafael</first>
				<last>Poyatos</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christoforos</first>
				<last>Pappas</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ansgar</first>
				<last>Kahmen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Vinicio</first>
				<last>Carraro</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Angela Luisa</first>
				<last>Prendin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lea</first>
				<last>Schneider</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jennifer L.</first>
				<last>Baltzer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Greg A.</first>
				<last>Baron‐Gafford</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lars</first>
				<last>Dietrich</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ingo</first>
				<last>Heinrich</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>R. L.</first>
				<last>Minor</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Oliver</first>
				<last>Sonnentag</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ashley M.</first>
				<last>Matheny</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Maxwell G.</first>
				<last>Wightman</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kathy</first>
				<last>Steppe</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Trees play a key role in the global hydrological cycle and measurements performed with the thermal dissipation method (TDM) have been crucial in providing whole-tree water-use estimates. Yet, different data processing to calculate whole-tree water use encapsulates uncertainties that have not been systematically assessed. We quantified uncertainties in conifer sap flux density (Fd ) and stand water use caused by commonly applied methods for deriving zero-flow conditions, dampening and sensor calibration. Their contribution has been assessed using a stem segment calibration experiment and 4 yr of TDM measurements in Picea abies and Larix decidua growing in contrasting environments. Uncertainties were then projected on TDM data from different conifers across the northern hemisphere. Commonly applied methods mostly underestimated absolute Fd . Lacking a site- and species-specific calibrations reduced our stand water-use measurements by 37% and induced uncertainty in northern hemisphere Fd . Additionally, although the interdaily variability was maintained, disregarding dampening and/or applying zero-flow conditions that ignored night-time water use reduced the correlation between environment and Fd . The presented ensemble of calibration curves and proposed dampening correction, together with the systematic quantification of data-processing uncertainties, provide crucial steps in improving whole-tree water-use estimates across spatial and temporal scales.</abstract>
			<url hash="067e0dbe">G18-98001</url>
			<pages>1283-1299</pages>
			<doi>10.1111/nph.15241</doi>
			<bibkey>Peters-2018-Quantification</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="99">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems</booktitle>
			<publisher>ACM</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Pointing All Around You</title>
			<author>
				<first>Julian</first>
				<last>Petford</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Miguel A.</first>
				<last>Nacenta</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Carl</first>
				<last>Gutwin</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>As display environments become larger and more diverse - now often encompassing multiple walls and room surfaces - it is becoming more common that users must find and manipulate digital artifacts not directly in front of them. There is little understanding, however, about what techniques and devices are best for carrying out basic operations above, behind, or to the side of the user. We conducted an empirical study comparing two main techniques that are suitable for full-coverage display environments: mouse-based pointing, and ray-cast 'laser' pointing. Participants completed search and pointing tasks on the walls and ceiling, and we measured completion time, path lengths and perceived effort. Our study showed a strong interaction between performance and target location: when the target position was not known a priori the mouse was fastest for targets on the front wall, but ray-casting was faster for targets behind the user. Our findings provide new empirical evidence that can help designers choose pointing techniques for full-coverage spaces.</abstract>
			<url hash="bec26adb">G18-99001</url>
			<doi>10.1145/3173574.3174107</doi>
			<bibkey>Petford-2018-Pointing</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="100">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Environmental Quality, Volume 47, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Supply and Transport Limitations on Phosphorus Losses from Agricultural Fields in the Lower Great Lakes Region, Canada</title>
			<author>
				<first>Janina M.</first>
				<last>Plach</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Merrin L.</first>
				<last>Macrae</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Genevieve</first>
				<last>Ali</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>R.</first>
				<last>Brunke</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michael</first>
				<last>English</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gabrielle</first>
				<last>Ferguson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>W.V.</first>
				<last>Lam</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tatianna M.</first>
				<last>Lozier</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kevin</first>
				<last>McKague</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>I. P.</first>
				<last>O’Halloran</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gilian</first>
				<last>Opolko</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christopher J. Van</first>
				<last>Esbroeck</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Phosphorus (P) mobilization in agricultural landscapes is regulated by both hydrologic (transport) and biogeochemical (supply) processes interacting within soils; however, the dominance of these controls can vary spatially and temporally. In this study, we analyzed a 5-yr dataset of stormflow events across nine agricultural fields in the lower Great Lakes region of Ontario, Canada, to determine if edge-of-field surface runoff and tile drainage losses (total and dissolved reactive P) were limited by transport mechanisms or P supply. Field sites ranged from clay loam, silt loam, to sandy loam textures. Findings indicate that biogeochemical processes (P supply) were more important for tile drain P loading patterns (i.e., variable flow-weighted mean concentrations ([]) across a range of flow regimes) relative to surface runoff, which trended toward a more chemostatic or transport-limited response. At two sites with the same soil texture, higher tile [] and greater transport limitations were apparent at the site with higher soil available P (STP); however, STP did not significantly correlate with tile [] or P loading patterns across the nine sites. This may reflect that the fields were all within a narrow STP range and were not elevated in STP concentrations (Olsen-P, ≤25 mg kg). For the study sites where STP was maintained at reasonable concentrations, hydrology was less of a driving factor for tile P loadings, and thus management strategies that limit P supply may be an effective way to reduce P losses from fields (e.g., timing of fertilizer application).</abstract>
			<url hash="6a3bf7dc">G18-100001</url>
			<pages>96-105</pages>
			<doi>10.2134/jeq2017.06.0234</doi>
			<bibkey>Plach-2018-Supply</bibkey>
			<project>prj2</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="101">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Great Lakes Research, Volume 44, Issue 5</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Dominant glacial landforms of the lower Great Lakes region exhibit different soil phosphorus chemistry and potential risk for phosphorus loss</title>
			<author>
				<first>Janina M.</first>
				<last>Plach</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Merrin L.</first>
				<last>Macrae</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mark R.</first>
				<last>Williams</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Brad D.</first>
				<last>Lee</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kevin W.</first>
				<last>King</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural soils are a growing economic and water-quality concern in the Lake Erie watershed. While recent studies have explored edge-of-field and watershed P losses related to land-use and agricultural management, the potential for soils developed from contrasting parent materials to retain or release P to runoff has not been examined. A field-based study comparing eight agricultural fields in contrasting glacial landscapes (hummocky coarse-textured till-plain, lacustrine and fine-textured till-plain) showed distinct physical and geochemical soil properties influencing inorganic P (Pi) partitioning throughout the soil profile between the two regions. Fields located on the coarse-textured till-plain in mid-western Ontario, Canada had alkaline calcareous soils with the highest Total-Pi concentrations and the majority of soil Pi stored in an acid-soluble pool (up to 91%). In contrast, loosely to moderately soluble Pi concentrations were higher in soils of the lacustrine and fine-textured till-plain in southwestern Ontario, northeast Indiana and northwestern Ohio, US. Overall, soils on the lacustrine and fine-textured till-plain had a greater shrink swell-capacity, likely creating preferential flow to minimize Pi interaction with the more acidic, lower carbonate and lower sorption capacity soils. These differences in soil Pi retention and transport pathways demonstrate that in addition to management, the natural landscape may exert a significant control on how Pi is mobilized throughout the Lake Erie watershed. Further, results indicate that careful consideration of region-specific hydrology and soil biogeochemistry may be required when designing appropriate management strategies to minimize Pi losses across the lower Great Lakes region.</abstract>
			<url hash="d28790b9">G18-101001</url>
			<pages>1057-1067</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.jglr.2018.07.005</doi>
			<bibkey>Plach-2018-Dominant</bibkey>
			<project>prj2</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="102">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Progress in Oceanography, Volume 162</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Phosphorus and nitrogen trajectories in the Mediterranean Sea (1950–2030): Diagnosing basin-wide anthropogenic nutrient enrichment</title>
			<author>
				<first>Helen R.</first>
				<last>Powley</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michael D.</first>
				<last>Krom</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Philippe Van</first>
				<last>Cappellen</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Human activities have significantly modified the inputs of land-derived phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) to the Mediterranean Sea (MS). Here, we reconstruct the external inputs of reactive P and N to the Western Mediterranean Sea (WMS) and Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) over the period 1950–2030. We estimate that during this period the land derived P and N loads increased by factors of 3 and 2 to the WMS and EMS, respectively, with reactive P inputs peaking in the 1980s but reactive N inputs increasing continuously from 1950 to 2030. The temporal variations in reactive P and N inputs are imposed in a coupled P and N mass balance model of the MS to simulate the accompanying changes in water column nutrient distributions and primary production with time. The key question we address is whether these changes are large enough to be distinguishable from variations caused by confounding factors, specifically the relatively large inter-annual variability in thermohaline circulation (THC) of the MS. Our analysis indicates that for the intermediate and deep water masses of the MS the magnitudes of changes in reactive P concentrations due to changes in anthropogenic inputs are relatively small and likely difficult to diagnose because of the noise created by the natural circulation variability. Anthropogenic N enrichment should be more readily detectable in time series concentration data for dissolved organic N (DON) after the 1970s, and for nitrate (NO3) after the 1990s. The DON concentrations in the EMS are predicted to exhibit the largest anthropogenic enrichment signature. Temporal variations in annual primary production over the 1950–2030 period are dominated by variations in deep-water formation rates, followed by changes in riverine P inputs for the WMS and atmospheric P deposition for the EMS. Overall, our analysis indicates that the detection of basin-wide anthropogenic nutrient concentration trends in the MS is rendered difficult due to: (1) the Atlantic Ocean contributing the largest reactive P and N inputs to the MS, hence diluting the anthropogenic nutrient signatures, (2) the anti-estuarine circulation removing at least 45% of the anthropogenic nutrients inputs added to both basins of the MS between 1950 and 2030, and (3) variations in intermediate and deep water formation rates that add high natural noise to the P and N concentration trajectories.</abstract>
			<url hash="c0323f57">G18-102001</url>
			<pages>257-270</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.pocean.2018.03.003</doi>
			<bibkey>Powley-2018-Phosphorus</bibkey>
			<project>prj22</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="103">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 219</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>SMAP soil moisture improves global evapotranspiration</title>
			<author>
				<first>A. J.</first>
				<last>Purdy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Joshua B.</first>
				<last>Fisher</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michael L.</first>
				<last>Goulden</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Andreas</first>
				<last>Colliander</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gregory</first>
				<last>Halverson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kevin</first>
				<last>Tu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. S.</first>
				<last>Famiglietti</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Accurate estimation of global evapotranspiration (ET) is essential to understand water cycle and land-atmosphere feedbacks in the Earth system. Satellite-driven ET models provide global estimates, but many of the ET algorithms have been designed independently of soil moisture observations. As water for ET is sourced from the soil, incorporating soil moisture into global remote sensing algorithms of ET should, in theory, improve performance, especially in water-limited regions. This paper presents an update to the widely-used Priestley Taylor-Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL) ET algorithm to incorporate spatially explicit daily surface soil moisture control on soil evaporation and canopy transpiration. The updated algorithm is evaluated using 14 AmeriFlux eddy covariance towers co-located with COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System (COSMOS) soil moisture observations. The new PT-JPLSM model shows reduced errors and increased explanation of variance, with the greatest improvements in water-limited regions. Soil moisture incorporation into soil evaporation improves ET estimates by reducing bias and RMSE by 29.9% and 22.7% respectively, while soil moisture incorporation into transpiration improves ET estimates by reducing bias by 30.2%, RMSE by 16.9%. We apply the algorithm globally using soil moisture observations from the Soil Moisture Active Passive Mission (SMAP). These new global estimates of ET show reduced error at finer spatial resolutions and provide a rich dataset to evaluate land surface and climate models, vegetation response to changes in water availability and environmental conditions, and anthropogenic perturbations to the water cycle.</abstract>
			<url hash="788e5832">G18-103001</url>
			<pages>1-14</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.rse.2018.09.023</doi>
			<bibkey>Purdy-2018-SMAP</bibkey>
			<project>prj46</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="104">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Volume 255</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Integrated water quality monitoring system with pH, free chlorine, and temperature sensors</title>
			<author>
				<first>Yiheng</first>
				<last>Qin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Arif Ul</first>
				<last>Alam</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Si</first>
				<last>Pan</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. M. R.</first>
				<last>Howlader</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Raja</first>
				<last>Ghosh</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nan-Xing</first>
				<last>Hu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hao</first>
				<last>Jin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Shurong</first>
				<last>Dong</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chih‐Hung</first>
				<last>Chen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. Jamal</first>
				<last>Deen</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Accurate, efficient, inexpensive, and multi-parameter monitoring of water quality parameters is critical for continued water safety from developed urban regions to resource-limited or sparsely populated areas. This study describes an integrated sensing system with solution-processed pH, free chlorine, and temperature sensors on a common glass substrate. The pH and temperature sensors are fabricated by low-cost inkjet printing of palladium/palladium oxide and silver. The potentiometric pH sensor has a high sensitivity of 60.6 mV/pH and a fast response of 15 s. The Wheatstone-bridge-based temperature sensor shows an immediate response of 3.35 mV/°C towards temperature change. The free chlorine sensor is based on an electrochemically modified pencil lead, which exhibits a stable and reproducible sensitivity of 342 nA/ppm for hypochlorous acid. Such a free chlorine sensor is potentiostat-free and calibration-free, so it is easy-to-use. The three sensors are connected to a field-programmable gate array board for data collection, analysis and display, with real-time pH and temperature compensation for free chlorine sensing. The developed sensing system is user-friendly, cost-effective, and can monitor water samples in real-time with an accuracy of &gt;82%. This platform enables water quality monitoring by nonprofessionals in a simple manner.</abstract>
			<url hash="e559608b">G18-104001</url>
			<pages>781-790</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.snb.2017.07.188</doi>
			<bibkey>Qin-2018-Integrated</bibkey>
			<project>prj38</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="105">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>International Journal of Circumpolar Health, Volume 77, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>Informa UK Limited</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Design of a human biomonitoring community-based project in the Northwest Territories Mackenzie Valley, Canada, to investigate the links between nutrition, contaminants and country foods</title>
			<author>
				<first>Mylène</first>
				<last>Ratelle</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthew</first>
				<last>Laird</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Shannon E.</first>
				<last>Majowicz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kelly</first>
				<last>Skinner</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Heidi K.</first>
				<last>Swanson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Brian</first>
				<last>Laird</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Community-based projects place emphasis on a collaborative approach and facilitate research among Indigenous populations regarding local issues and challenges, such as traditional foods consumption, climate change and health safety. Country foods (locally harvested fish, game birds, land animals and plants), which contribute to improved food security, can also be a primary route of contaminant exposure among populations in remote regions. A community-based project was launched in the Dehcho and Sahtù regions of the Northwest Territories (Canada) to: 1) assess contaminants exposure and nutrition status; 2) investigate the role of country food on nutrient and contaminant levels and 3) understand the determinants of message perception on this issue. Consultation with community members, leadership, local partners and researchers was essential to refine the design of the project and implement it in a culturally relevant way. This article details the design of a community-based biomonitoring study that investigates country food use, contaminant exposure and nutritional status in Canadian subarctic First Nations in the Dehcho and Sahtù regions. Results will support environmental health policies in the future for these communities. The project was designed to explore the risks and benefits of country foods and to inform the development of public health strategies.</abstract>
			<url hash="5de507ee">G18-105001</url>
			<pages>1510714</pages>
			<doi>10.1080/22423982.2018.1510714</doi>
			<bibkey>Ratelle-2018-Design</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="106">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Environmental Science: Processes &amp; Impacts, Volume 20, Issue 10</booktitle>
			<publisher>Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Cadmium exposure in First Nations communities of the Northwest Territories, Canada: smoking is a greater contributor than consumption of cadmium-accumulating organ meats</title>
			<author>
				<first>Mylène</first>
				<last>Ratelle</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Xinci</first>
				<last>Li</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Brian</first>
				<last>Laird</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Study of cadmium exposure sources in First Nations communities promotes traditional food consumption and supports the prioritization of environmental issues.</abstract>
			<url hash="4f50a800">G18-106001</url>
			<pages>1441-1453</pages>
			<doi>10.1039/c8em00232k</doi>
			<bibkey>Ratelle-2018-Cadmium</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="107">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Archives of Public Health, Volume 76, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Implementation of human biomonitoring in the Dehcho region of the Northwest Territories, Canada (2016–2017)</title>
			<author>
				<first>Mylène</first>
				<last>Ratelle</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kelly</first>
				<last>Skinner</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthew</first>
				<last>Laird</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Shannon E.</first>
				<last>Majowicz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Danielle</first>
				<last>Brandow</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sara</first>
				<last>Packull-McCormick</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michèle</first>
				<last>Bouchard</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Denis</first>
				<last>Dieme</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ken D.</first>
				<last>Stark</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Juan J. Aristizabal</first>
				<last>Henao</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Rhona M.</first>
				<last>Hanning</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Brian</first>
				<last>Laird</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Human biomonitoring represents an important tool for health risk assessment, supporting the characterization of contaminant exposure and nutrient status. In communities where country foods (locally harvested foods: land animals, fish, birds, plants) are integrated in the daily diet, as is the case in remote northern regions where food security is a challenge, such foods can potentially be a significant route of contaminant exposure. To assess this issue, a biomonitoring project was implemented among Dene/Métis communities of the Dehcho region of the Northwest Territories, Canada.Participants completed dietary surveys (i.e., a food frequency questionnaire and 24-h recall) to estimate food consumption patterns as well as a Health Messages Survey to evaluate the awareness and perception of contaminants and consumption notices. Biological sampling of hair, urine and blood was conducted. Toxic metals (e.g., mercury, lead, cadmium), essential metals (e.g., copper, nickel, zinc), fatty acids, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were measured in samples.The levels of contaminants in blood, hair and urine for the majority of participants were below the available guidance values for mercury, cadmium, lead and uranium. However, from the 279 participants, approximately 2% were invited to provide follow up samples, mainly for elevated mercury level. Also, at the population level, blood lead (GM: 11 μg/L) and blood cadmium (GM: 0.53 μg/L) were slightly above the Canadian Health Measures Survey data. Therefore, although country foods occasionally contain elevated levels of particular contaminants, human exposures to these metals remained similar to those seen in the Canadian general population. In addition, dietary data showed the importance and diversity of country foods across participating communities, with the consumption of an average of 5.1% of total calories from wild-harvested country foods.This project completed in the Mackenzie Valley of the Northwest Territories fills a data gap across other biomonitoring studies in Canada as it integrates community results, will support stakeholders in the development of public health strategies, and will inform environmental health issue prioritization.</abstract>
			<url hash="f7eccf65">G18-107001</url>
			<doi>10.1186/s13690-018-0318-9</doi>
			<bibkey>Ratelle-2018-Implementation</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="108">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Hydrology, Volume 557</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Prewhitening of hydroclimatic time series? Implications for inferred change and variability across time scales</title>
			<author>
				<first>Saman</first>
				<last>Razavi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Richard M.</first>
				<last>Vogel</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Prewhitening, the process of eliminating or reducing short-term stochastic persistence to enable detection of deterministic change, has been extensively applied to time series analysis of a range of geophysical variables. Despite the controversy around its utility, methodologies for prewhitening time series continue to be a critical feature of a variety of analyses including: trend detection of hydroclimatic variables and reconstruction of climate and/or hydrology through proxy records such as tree rings. With a focus on the latter, this paper presents a generalized approach to exploring the impact of a wide range of stochastic structures of short- and long-term persistence on the variability of hydroclimatic time series. Through this approach, we examine the impact of prewhitening on the inferred variability of time series across time scales. We document how a focus on prewhitened, residual time series can be misleading, as it can drastically distort (or remove) the structure of variability across time scales. Through examples with actual data, we show how such loss of information in prewhitened time series of tree rings (so-called “residual chronologies”) can lead to the underestimation of extreme conditions in climate and hydrology, particularly droughts, reconstructed for centuries preceding the historical period.</abstract>
			<url hash="af8fdf33">G18-108001</url>
			<pages>109-115</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.11.053</doi>
			<bibkey>Razavi-2018-Prewhitening</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="109">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Limnology and Oceanography, Volume 63, Issue 4</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Inconsequential effects of flooding in 2014 on lakes in the Peace‐Athabasca Delta (Canada) due to long‐term drying</title>
			<author>
				<first>Casey R.</first>
				<last>Remmer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Wynona H.</first>
				<last>Klemt</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Brent B.</first>
				<last>Wolfe</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Roland I.</first>
				<last>Hall</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Climate‐driven decline in freshwater supplied by rivers draining the hydrographic apex of western North America has ramifications for downstream ecosystems and society. For the Peace‐Athabasca Delta (PAD), floods from the Peace and Athabasca rivers are critical for sustaining abundant shallow water habitat, but their frequency has been in decline for decades over much of its area. Here, we assess current hydrological and limnological status in the PAD by integrating spatial and temporal data. Analysis of water isotope compositions and water chemistry measured at numerous lakes across the delta shows that hydro‐limnological effects of the large‐scale ice‐jam flood event of 2014 failed to persist beyond the early ice‐free season of 2015. Isotope‐inferred paleohydrological records from five hydrologically representative lakes in the PAD indicate that periodic desiccation during the Little Ice Age occurred at the most elevated basin in response to locally arid climatic conditions, yet other lower elevation sites were influenced by high water level on Lake Athabasca owing to increased snowmelt‐ and glacier‐derived river discharge. In contrast, water isotope data during the past 15 yr at all five lakes consistently document the strong role of evaporation, a trend which began in the early to mid‐20th century according to sediment records and is indicative of widespread aridity unprecedented during the past 400 yr. We suggest that integration of hydrological and limnological approaches over space and time is needed to inform assessment of contemporary lake conditions in large, complex floodplain landscapes.</abstract>
			<url hash="1733b856">G18-109001</url>
			<pages>1502-1518</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/lno.10787</doi>
			<bibkey>Remmer-2018-Inconsequential</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="110">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Nature, Volume 557, Issue 7707</booktitle>
			<publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Emerging trends in global freshwater availability</title>
			<author>
				<first>Matthew</first>
				<last>Rodell</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. S.</first>
				<last>Famiglietti</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>D. N.</first>
				<last>Wiese</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. T.</first>
				<last>Reager</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>H. K.</first>
				<last>Beaudoing</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>F. W.</first>
				<last>Landerer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Min‐Hui</first>
				<last>Lo</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Freshwater availability is changing worldwide. Here we quantify 34 trends in terrestrial water storage observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites during 2002-2016 and categorize their drivers as natural interannual variability, unsustainable groundwater consumption, climate change or combinations thereof. Several of these trends had been lacking thorough investigation and attribution, including massive changes in northwestern China and the Okavango Delta. Others are consistent with climate model predictions. This observation-based assessment of how the world's water landscape is responding to human impacts and climate variations provides a blueprint for evaluating and predicting emerging threats to water and food security.</abstract>
			<url hash="575bde6c">G18-110001</url>
			<pages>651-659</pages>
			<doi>10.1038/s41586-018-0123-1</doi>
			<bibkey>Rodell-2018-Emerging</bibkey>
			<project>prj9</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="111">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Natural Hazards, Volume 94, Issue 3</booktitle>
			<publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Ice-jam flood research: a scoping review</title>
			<author>
				<first>Prabin</first>
				<last>Rokaya</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sujata</first>
				<last>Budhathoki</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Karl–Erich</first>
				<last>Lindenschmidt</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Almost 60% of the rivers in the northern hemisphere experience significant seasonal effects of river ice. In many of these northern rivers, ice-jam floods (IJFs) pose serious threats to riverine communities. Since the inundation elevations associated with ice-jam events can be several meters higher than open-water floods for the same or even lower discharges, IJFs can be more disastrous to local communities and economies, especially as their occurrence is often very sudden and difficult to anticipate. In the last several decades, there have been many important advances in river ice hydrology, resulting in improved knowledge and capacity to deal with IJFs. This paper presents a review of IJF literature available on the Web of Science. Nature and scope of scholarly research on IJF are analysed, and an agenda for research that better integrates IJF challenges with research and mitigation opportunities is suggested.</abstract>
			<url hash="efe7b909">G18-111001</url>
			<pages>1439-1457</pages>
			<doi>10.1007/s11069-018-3455-0</doi>
			<bibkey>Rokaya-2018-Ice-jam</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="112">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 211</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Capturing agricultural soil freeze/thaw state through remote sensing and ground observations: A soil freeze/thaw validation campaign</title>
			<author>
				<first>Tracy</first>
				<last>Rowlandson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Aaron</first>
				<last>Berg</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alex</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Edward</first>
				<last>Kim</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Renato Pardo</first>
				<last>Lara</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jarrett</first>
				<last>Powers</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kristin</first>
				<last>Lewis</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Paul R.</first>
				<last>Houser</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>K. C.</first>
				<last>McDonald</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Peter</first>
				<last>Toose</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>An-Ming</first>
				<last>Wu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Eugenia De</first>
				<last>Marco</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chris</first>
				<last>Derksen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jared</first>
				<last>Entin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Andreas</first>
				<last>Colliander</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Xiaolan</first>
				<last>Xu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alex</first>
				<last>Mavrovic</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract A field campaign was conducted October 30th to November 13th, 2015 with the intention of capturing diurnal soil freeze/thaw state at multiple scales using ground measurements and remote sensing measurements. On four of the five sampling days, we observed a significant difference between morning (frozen scenario) and afternoon (thawed scenario) ground-based measurements of the soil relative permittivity. These results were supported by an in situ soil moisture and temperature network (installed at the scale of a spaceborne passive microwave pixel) which indicated surface soil temperatures fell below 0 °C for the same four sampling dates. Ground-based radiometers appeared to be highly sensitive to F/T conditions of the very surface of the soil and indicated normalized polarization index (NPR) values that were below the defined freezing values during the morning sampling period on all sampling dates. The Scanning L-band Active Passive (SLAP) instrumentation, flown over the study region, showed very good agreement with the ground-based radiometers, with freezing states observed on all four days that the airborne observations covered the fields with ground-based radiometers. The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite had morning overpasses on three of the sampling days, and indicated frozen conditions on two of those days. It was found that &gt;60% of the in situ network had to indicate surface temperatures below 0 °C before SMAP indicated freezing conditions. This was also true of the SLAP radiometer measurements. The SMAP, SLAP and ground-based radiometer measurements all indicated freezing conditions when soil temperature sensors installed at 5 cm depth were not frozen.</abstract>
			<url hash="fd5216e7">G18-112001</url>
			<pages>59-70</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.rse.2018.04.003</doi>
			<bibkey>Rowlandson-2018-Capturing</bibkey>
			<project>prj42</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="113">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Environmental Modelling &amp; Software, Volume 101</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Improving in-lake water quality modeling using variable chlorophyll a/algal biomass ratios</title>
			<author>
				<first>Amir</first>
				<last>Sadeghian</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Steven C.</first>
				<last>Chapra</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jeff J.</first>
				<last>Hudson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>H. S.</first>
				<last>Wheater</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Karl–Erich</first>
				<last>Lindenschmidt</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Algal simulations in many water quality models perform poorly because of oversimplifications in the process descriptions of the algae growth mechanisms. In this study, algae simulations were improved by implementing variable chlorophyll a/algal biomass ratios in the CE-QUAL-W2 model, a sophisticated two-dimensional laterally-averaged water quality model. Originally a constant in the model, the chlorophyll a/algal biomass ratio was reprogrammed to vary according to the nutrient and light limiting conditions in the water column. The modified model was tested on Lake Diefenbaker, a prairie reservoir in Saskatchewan, Canada, where, similar to many other lakes in the world, field observations confirm variable spatiotemporal ratios between chlorophyll a and algal biomass. The modified version yielded more accurate simulations compared to the standard version and provides a promising algorithm to improve results for many lakes and reservoirs globally.</abstract>
			<url hash="45ee7182">G18-113001</url>
			<pages>73-85</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.12.009</doi>
			<bibkey>Sadeghian-2018-Improving</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="114">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Forestry Research, Volume 30, Issue 2</booktitle>
			<publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Determination of fire risk to assist fire management for insular areas: the case of a small Greek island</title>
			<author>
				<first>Stavros</first>
				<last>Sakellariou</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stergios</first>
				<last>Tampekis</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Fani</first>
				<last>Samara</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mike D.</first>
				<last>Flannigan</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Dirk</first>
				<last>Jaeger</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Olga</first>
				<last>Christopoulou</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Athanassios</first>
				<last>Sfougaris</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Forest fire risk estimation constitutes an essential process to prevent high-intensity fires which are associated with severe implications to the natural and cultural environment. The primary aim of this research was to determine fire risk levels based on the local features of an island, namely, the impact of fuel structures, slope, aspects, as well as the impact of the road network and inhabited regions. The contribution of all the involved factors to forest fires ignition and behavior highlight certain regions which are highly vulnerable. In addition, the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors to forest fire phenomena is explored. In this study, natural factors play a dominant role compared to anthropogenic factors. Hence essential preventative measures must focus on specific areas and established immediately. Indicative measures may include: the optimal allocation of watchtowers as well as the spatial optimization of mobile firefighting vehicles; and, forest fuel treatments in areas characterized by extremely high fire risk. The added value of this fire prediction tool is that it is highly flexible and could be adopted elsewhere with the necessary adjustments to local characteristics.</abstract>
			<url hash="d839493b">G18-114001</url>
			<pages>589-601</pages>
			<doi>10.1007/s11676-018-0666-x</doi>
			<bibkey>Sakellariou-2018-Determination</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="115">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Eos, Volume 99</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Geophysical Union (AGU)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Avoiding the Guise of an Anonymous Review</title>
			<author>
				<first>Razi</first>
				<last>Sheikholeslami</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Saman</first>
				<last>Razavi</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Anonymous review of scientific manuscripts was intended to encourage reviewers to speak freely, but other models may be better for accountability and inclusivity.</abstract>
			<url hash="60852e5e">G18-115001</url>
			<doi>10.1029/2018eo098217</doi>
			<bibkey>Sheikholeslami-2018-Avoiding</bibkey>
			<project>prj20</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="116">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>AoB PLANTS, Volume 10, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>Oxford University Press (OUP)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Assessing local adaptation vs. plasticity under different resource conditions in seedlings of a dominant boreal tree species</title>
			<author>
				<first>Anastasia E.</first>
				<last>Sniderhan</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gordon G.</first>
				<last>McNickle</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jennifer L.</first>
				<last>Baltzer</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Under changing climate conditions, understanding local adaptation of plants is crucial to predicting the resilience of ecosystems. We selected black spruce (Picea mariana), the most dominant tree species in the North American boreal forest, in order to evaluate local adaptation vs. plasticity across regions experiencing some of the most extreme climate warming globally. Seeds from three provenances across the latitudinal extent of this species in northwestern Canada were planted in a common garden study in growth chambers. Two levels of two resource conditions were applied (low/high nutrient and ambient/elevated CO2) in a fully factorial design and we measured physiological traits, allocational traits, growth and survival. We found significant differences in height, root length and biomass among populations, with southern populations producing the largest seedlings. However, we did not detect meaningful significant differences among nutrient or CO2 treatments in any traits measured, and there were no consistent population-level differences in physiological traits or allocation patterns. We found that there was greater mortality after simulated winter in the high nutrient treatment, which may reflect an important shift in seedling growth strategies under increased resource availability. Our study provides important insight into how this dominant boreal tree species might respond to the changing climate conditions predicted in this region.</abstract>
			<url hash="723081b0">G18-116001</url>
			<doi>10.1093/aobpla/ply004</doi>
			<bibkey>Sniderhan-2018-Assessing</bibkey>
			<project>prj10</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="117">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Hydrological Processes, Volume 32, Issue 26</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Water table dynamics in a constructed wetland, Fort McMurray, Alberta</title>
			<author>
				<first>Haley M.</first>
				<last>Spennato</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Scott J.</first>
				<last>Ketcheson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Carl</first>
				<last>Mendoza</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sean K.</first>
				<last>Carey</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Surface mining in northern Alberta transforms wetlands and forests into open pits, tailings ponds, and overburden. As part of their license to operate, mine operators are required to reclaim this altered landscape to a predisturbance capacity. In 2012, Syncrude Canada Limited constructed one of the first of two reclaimed wetlands, the Sandhill Fen Watershed (SFW), to evaluate wetland reclamation strategies. SFW is a 52-ha system atop soft-tailings that includes an inflow/outflow pump system, underdrains, upland hummocks, and a fen lowland. In this study, water table dynamics of the fen lowland were evaluated in the 2 years following commissioning (2014–2015) to assess whether this newly constructed watershed has hydrological conditions that facilitate hydric soils with water table regimes similar to reference systems. Results indicate that the location and hydrophysical properties of placed materials control water table responses to both water management and precipitation. This differential water table response in the SFW lowland drove lateral fluxes between adjacent landforms, suggesting periods of intermittent water supply from uplands to wetlands along hummock margins. As in natural systems, the lowland fen exhibited several lateral flow reversals over the 2 years depending upon water level. Water tables on-average were greater than those observed in natural analogues. Comparison during these first 2 years following commissioning contribute to the increasing insight as to how construction and management practices support reclamation postmining.</abstract>
			<url hash="ca8ce6d5">G18-117001</url>
			<pages>3824-3836</pages>
			<doi>10.1002/hyp.13308</doi>
			<bibkey>Spennato-2018-Water</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="118">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 8</booktitle>
			<publisher>Copernicus GmbH</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Precipitation characteristics and associated weather conditions on the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rockies during March–April 2015</title>
			<author>
				<first>Julie M.</first>
				<last>Thériault</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ida</first>
				<last>Hung</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Paul</first>
				<last>Vaquer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ronald E.</first>
				<last>Stewart</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John W.</first>
				<last>Pomeroy</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. Precipitation events that bring rain and snow to the Banff–Calgary area of Alberta are a critical aspect of the region's water cycle and can lead to major flooding events such as the June 2013 event that was the second most costly natural disaster in Canadian history. Because no special atmospheric-oriented observations of these events have been made, a field experiment was conducted in March and April 2015 in Kananaskis, Alberta, to begin to fill this gap. The goal was to characterize and better understand the formation of the precipitation at the surface during spring 2015 at a specific location in the Kananaskis Valley. Within the experiment, detailed measurements of precipitation and weather conditions were obtained, a vertically pointing Doppler radar was deployed and weather balloons were released. Although 17 precipitation events occurred, this period was associated with much less precipitation than normal (−35 %) and above-normal temperatures (2.5 ∘C). Of the 133 h of observed precipitation, solid precipitation occurred 71 % of the time, mixed precipitation occurred 9 % and rain occurred 20 %. An analysis of 17 504 precipitation particles from 1181 images showed that a wide variety of crystals and aggregates occurred and approximately 63 % showed signs of riming. This was largely independent of whether flows aloft were upslope (easterly) or downslope (westerly). In the often sub-saturated surface conditions, hydrometeors containing ice occurred at temperatures as high as 9 ∘C. Radar structures aloft were highly variable with reflectivity sometimes &gt;30 dBZe and Doppler velocity up to −1 m s−1, which indicates upward motion of particles within ascending air masses. Precipitation was formed in this region within cloud fields sometimes having variable structures and within which supercooled water at least sometimes existed to produce accreted particles massive enough to reach the surface through the relatively dry sub-cloud region.</abstract>
			<url hash="92eff683">G18-118001</url>
			<pages>4491-4512</pages>
			<doi>10.5194/hess-22-4491-2018</doi>
			<bibkey>Thériault-2018-Precipitation</bibkey>
			<project>prj36</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="119">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Ecology Letters, Volume 21, Issue 5</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>The predictability of a lake phytoplankton community, over time-scales of hours to years</title>
			<author>
				<first>Mridul K.</first>
				<last>Thomas</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Simone</first>
				<last>Fontana</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Marta</first>
				<last>Reyes</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michael</first>
				<last>Kehoe</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Francesco</first>
				<last>Pomati</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Forecasting changes to ecological communities is one of the central challenges in ecology. However, nonlinear dependencies, biotic interactions and data limitations have limited our ability to assess how predictable communities are. Here, we used a machine learning approach and environmental monitoring data (biological, physical and chemical) to assess the predictability of phytoplankton cell density in one lake across an unprecedented range of time-scales. Communities were highly predictable over hours to months: model R2 decreased from 0.89 at 4 hours to 0.74 at 1 month, and in a long-term dataset lacking fine spatial resolution, from 0.46 at 1 month to 0.32 at 10 years. When cyanobacterial and eukaryotic algal cell densities were examined separately, model-inferred environmental growth dependencies matched laboratory studies, and suggested novel trade-offs governing their competition. High-frequency monitoring and machine learning can set prediction targets for process-based models and help elucidate the mechanisms underlying ecological dynamics.</abstract>
			<url hash="2a5391e6">G18-119001</url>
			<pages>619-628</pages>
			<doi>10.1111/ele.12927</doi>
			<bibkey>Thomas-2018-The</bibkey>
			<project>prj16</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="120">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Science, Volume 360, Issue 6387</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Legacy nitrogen may prevent achievement of water quality goals in the Gulf of Mexico</title>
			<author>
				<first>K. J. Van</first>
				<last>Meter</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Philippe Van</first>
				<last>Cappellen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nandita B.</first>
				<last>Basu</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Haunted by the past Reducing the extent of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico will not be as easy as reducing agricultural nitrogen use. Van Meter et al. report that so much nitrogen from runoff has accumulated in the Mississippi River basin that, even if future agricultural nitrogen inputs are eliminated, it will still take 30 years to realize the 60% decrease in load needed to reduce eutrophication in the Gulf. This legacy effect means that a dramatic shift in land-use practices, which may not be compatible with current levels of agricultural production, will be needed to control hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Science , this issue p. 427</abstract>
			<url hash="10fba4bc">G18-120001</url>
			<pages>427-430</pages>
			<doi>10.1126/science.aar4462</doi>
			<bibkey>Van Meter-2018-Legacy</bibkey>
			<project>prj22</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="121">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Climate Services, Volume 12</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>DOs and DON'Ts for using climate change information for water resource planning and management: guidelines for study design</title>
			<author>
				<first>J. A.</first>
				<last>Vano</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jeffrey R.</first>
				<last>Arnold</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bart</first>
				<last>Nijssen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Martyn P.</first>
				<last>Clark</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Andrew W.</first>
				<last>Wood</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>E. D.</first>
				<last>Gutmann</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nans</first>
				<last>Addor</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Flavio</first>
				<last>Lehner</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Water managers are actively incorporating climate change information into their long- and short-term planning processes. This is generally seen as a step in the right direction because it supplements traditional methods, providing new insights that can help in planning for a non-stationary climate. However, the continuous evolution of climate change information can make it challenging to use available information appropriately. Advice on how to use the information is not always straightforward and typically requires extended dialogue between information producers and users, which is not always feasible. To help navigate better the ever-changing climate science landscape, this review is organized as a set of nine guidelines for water managers and planners that highlight better practices for incorporating climate change information into water resource planning and management. Each DOs and DON'Ts recommendation is given with context on why certain strategies are preferable and addresses frequently asked questions by exploring past studies and documents that provide guidance, including real-world examples mainly, though not exclusively, from the United States. This paper is intended to provide a foundation that can expand through continued dialogue within and between the climate science and application communities worldwide, a two-way information sharing that can increase the actionable nature of the information produced and promote greater utility and appropriate use.</abstract>
			<url hash="a847c3d9">G18-121001</url>
			<pages>1-13</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.cliser.2018.07.002</doi>
			<bibkey>Vano-2018-DOs</bibkey>
			<project>prj9</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="122">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>International Journal of Wildland Fire, Volume 27, Issue 2</booktitle>
			<publisher>CSIRO Publishing</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Soil organic layer combustion in boreal black spruce and jack pine stands of the Northwest Territories, Canada</title>
			<author>
				<first>Xanthe J.</first>
				<last>Walker</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jennifer L.</first>
				<last>Baltzer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Steven G.</first>
				<last>Cumming</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nicola J.</first>
				<last>Day</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jill F.</first>
				<last>Johnstone</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Brendan M.</first>
				<last>Rogers</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kylen</first>
				<last>Solvik</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. R.</first>
				<last>Turetsky</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michelle C.</first>
				<last>Mack</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Increased fire frequency, extent and severity are expected to strongly affect the structure and function of boreal forest ecosystems. In this study, we examined 213 plots in boreal forests dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana) or jack pine (Pinus banksiana) of the Northwest Territories, Canada, after an unprecedentedly large area burned in 2014. Large fire size is associated with high fire intensity and severity, which would manifest as areas with deep burning of the soil organic layer (SOL). Our primary objectives were to estimate burn depth in these fires and then to characterise landscapes vulnerable to deep burning throughout this region. Here we quantify burn depth in black spruce stands using the position of adventitious roots within the soil column, and in jack pine stands using measurements of burned and unburned SOL depths. Using these estimates, we then evaluate how burn depth and the proportion of SOL combusted varies among forest type, ecozone, plot-level moisture and stand density. Our results suggest that most of the SOL was combusted in jack pine stands regardless of plot moisture class, but that black spruce forests experience complete combustion of the SOL only in dry and moderately well-drained landscape positions. The models and calibrations we present in this study should allow future research to more accurately estimate burn depth in Canadian boreal forests.</abstract>
			<url hash="baf26c37">G18-122001</url>
			<pages>125</pages>
			<doi>10.1071/wf17095</doi>
			<bibkey>Walker-2018-Soil</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="123">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Remote Sensing, Volume 10, Issue 11</booktitle>
			<publisher>MDPI AG</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Semi-Automated Classification of Lake Ice Cover Using Dual Polarization RADARSAT-2 Imagery</title>
			<author>
				<first>Junqian</first>
				<last>Wang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Claude R.</first>
				<last>Duguay</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>David A.</first>
				<last>Clausi</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Véronique</first>
				<last>Pinard</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stephen</first>
				<last>Howell</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Lake ice is a significant component of the cryosphere due to its large spatial coverage in high-latitude regions during the winter months. The Laurentian Great Lakes are the world’s largest supply of freshwater and their ice cover has a major impact on regional weather and climate, ship navigation, and public safety. Ice experts at the Canadian Ice Service (CIS) have been manually producing operational Great Lakes image analysis charts based on visual interpretation of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. In that regard, we have investigated the performance of the semi-automated segmentation algorithm “glocal” Iterative Region Growing with Semantics (IRGS) for lake ice classification using dual polarized RADARSAT-2 imagery acquired over Lake Erie. Analysis of various case studies indicated that the “glocal” IRGS algorithm could provide a reliable ice-water classification using dual polarized images with a high overall accuracy of 90.4%. However, lake ice types that are based on stage of development were not effectively identified due to the ambiguous relation between backscatter and ice types. The slight improvement of using dual-pol as opposed to single-pol images for ice-water discrimination was also demonstrated.</abstract>
			<url hash="024e0b52">G18-123001</url>
			<pages>1727</pages>
			<doi>10.3390/rs10111727</doi>
			<bibkey>Wang-2018-Semi-Automated</bibkey>
			<project>prj42</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="124">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Nature Geoscience, Volume 11, Issue 12</booktitle>
			<publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Recent global decline in endorheic basin water storages</title>
			<author>
				<first>Jida</first>
				<last>Wang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chunqiao</first>
				<last>Song</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. T.</first>
				<last>Reager</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Fangfang</first>
				<last>Yao</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. S.</first>
				<last>Famiglietti</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yongwei</first>
				<last>Sheng</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Glen M.</first>
				<last>MacDonald</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Fanny</first>
				<last>Brun</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hannes Müller</first>
				<last>Schmied</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Richard A.</first>
				<last>Marston</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yoshihide</first>
				<last>Wada</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Endorheic (hydrologically landlocked) basins spatially concur with arid/semi-arid climates. Given limited precipitation but high potential evaporation, their water storage is vulnerable to subtle flux perturbations, which are exacerbated by global warming and human activities. Increasing regional evidence suggests a probably recent net decline in endorheic water storage, but this remains unquantified at a global scale. By integrating satellite observations and hydrological modelling, we reveal that during 2002–2016 the global endorheic system experienced a widespread water loss of about 106.3 Gt yr−1, attributed to comparable losses in surface water, soil moisture and groundwater. This decadal decline, disparate from water storage fluctuations in exorheic basins, appears less sensitive to El Nino–Southern Oscillation-driven climate variability, which implies a possible response to longer-term climate conditions and human water management. In the mass-conserved hydrosphere, such an endorheic water loss not only exacerbates local water stress, but also imposes excess water on exorheic basins, leading to a potential sea level rise that matches the contribution of nearly half of the land glacier retreat (excluding Greenland and Antarctica). Given these dual ramifications, we suggest the necessity for long-term monitoring of water storage variation in the global endorheic system and the inclusion of its net contribution to future sea level budgeting.</abstract>
			<url hash="9f9933eb">G18-124001</url>
			<pages>926-932</pages>
			<doi>10.1038/s41561-018-0265-7</doi>
			<bibkey>Wang-2018-Recent</bibkey>
			<project>prj46</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="125">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Wetlands, Volume 38, Issue 5</booktitle>
			<publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Beaver Dams Induce Hyporheic and Biogeochemical Changes in Riparian Areas in a Mountain Peatland</title>
			<author>
				<first>Xiaoyue</first>
				<last>Wang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>E. L.</first>
				<last>Shaw</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Cherie J.</first>
				<last>Westbrook</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Angela</first>
				<last>Bedard‐Haughn</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Hyporheic exchange is important in increasing stream water transit time through basins and enhancing redox-sensitive biogeochemical reactions influencing downstream water quality. Such exchange may be enhanced by beaver dams which are common throughout low order streams including those originating in peatlands. To understand the influence of beaver dams on hyporheic flows and biogeochemical properties, nitrogen (N), dissolved organic nitrogen (DOC) and N cycling rates were observed along a beaver dammed, third-order stream draining Canadian Rocky Mountain peatland. Beaver dams enlarged the hyporheric zone from ≤1.5 to ≥7.5 m. The looping hyporheic flow path created a zone of N and DOC depletion adjacent to the dams. As a result, nitrification rates were lowest in this zone. Where hyporheic flows exited the riparian area and flowed back to the stream channel downstream of a dam, the adjacent riparian area served as a source of N and DOC to the stream. Enhanced nutrient influx to streams owing to beaver dam modified hyporheic flow paths has implications for stream biogeochemical cycling and ecological integrity, which need further exploration.</abstract>
			<url hash="2725548e">G18-125001</url>
			<pages>1017-1032</pages>
			<doi>10.1007/s13157-018-1059-9</doi>
			<bibkey>Wang-2018-Beaver</bibkey>
			<project>prj28</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="126">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 213</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Globally scalable alpine snow metrics</title>
			<author>
				<first>Nicholas E.</first>
				<last>Wayand</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christopher B.</first>
				<last>Marsh</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Joseph</first>
				<last>Shea</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John W.</first>
				<last>Pomeroy</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Horizontal and altitudinal redistribution of snow by wind transport and avalanches can be important controls on small- and large-scale snow accumulation patterns that control meltwater supply in alpine environments. Redistribution processes control the spatial variability of snow accumulation, which not only controls meltwater supply, but also regulates snowmelt timing, duration, and rates, as well as snow-covered area depletion and the variable contributing area for meltwater runoff generation. However, most hydrological models and land surface schemes do not consider snow redistribution processes, and those that do are difficult to verify without spatially distributed snow depth measurements. These are rarely available in both high resolution and covering large scales. As an increased number of hydrological models include snow redistribution processes there is a need for additional snowcover metrics to verify snow redistribution schemes over large areas using readily available data. This study develops novel high-resolution (20 m), snowcover indices from remotely sensed imagery (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2) to evaluate snow redistribution models over alpine areas without in-situ or airborne snow observations. A snowcover absence (SA) index, calculated from snow-free areas during the winter, identifies areas of wind erosion or avalanche source areas. A snowcover persistence (SP) index, calculated from snow-covered areas during the summer, identifies snow deposition in drifts and avalanche deposits. The snowcover indices captured the relative differences in surface observations of snow presence and absence between exposed and sheltered sites on an intensely instrumented ridge in the Canadian Rockies Hydrological Observatory. Within the Tuolumne River Basin in central California (1100 km2), the SP index captured roughly half of the spatial variability (R2 = 0.49 to 0.56) in peak SWE as estimated from airborne LiDAR-derived snow depths. At the individual mountain ridge scale (~800 m), variability in both ablation and snow redistribution controlled the SP patterns over 7979 ridges. Differences in shortwave irradiance explained 76% of the SP variance across ridges, but could not explain smaller-scale (~100 m) SP peaks that are associated with snowdrifts and avalanche deposits. The snowcover indices can be used to evaluate snow redistribution models of the finer scale impacts of snow redistribution by wind and gravity as long as the larger scale influences of spatially variable solar irradiance effects are also simulated.</abstract>
			<url hash="3590fb60">G18-126001</url>
			<pages>61-72</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.012</doi>
			<bibkey>Wayand-2018-Globally</bibkey>
			<project>prj28</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="127">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Forests, Volume 9, Issue 3</booktitle>
			<publisher>MDPI AG</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Topoedaphic and Forest Controls on Post-Fire Vegetation Assemblies Are Modified by Fire History and Burn Severity in the Northwestern Canadian Boreal Forest</title>
			<author>
				<first>Ellen</first>
				<last>Whitman</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Marc‐André</first>
				<last>Parisien</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Dan K.</first>
				<last>Thompson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mike</first>
				<last>Flannigan</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Wildfires, which constitute the most extensive natural disturbance of the boreal biome, produce a broad range of ecological impacts to vegetation and soils that may influence post-fire vegetation assemblies and seedling recruitment. We inventoried post-fire understory vascular plant communities and tree seedling recruitment in the northwestern Canadian boreal forest and characterized the relative importance of fire effects and fire history, as well as non-fire drivers (i.e., the topoedaphic context and climate), to post-fire vegetation assemblies. Topoedaphic context, pre-fire forest structure and composition, and climate primarily controlled the understory plant communities and shifts in the ranked dominance of tree species (***8% and **13% of variance explained, respectively); however, fire and fire-affected soils were significant secondary drivers of post-fire vegetation. Wildfire had a significant indirect effect on understory vegetation communities through post-fire soil properties (**5%), and fire history and burn severity explained the dominance shifts of tree species (*7%). Fire-related variables were important explanatory variables in classification and regression tree models explaining the dominance shifts of four tree species (R2 = 0.43–0.65). The dominance of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) increased following fires, whereas that of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) declined. The overriding importance of site and climate to post-fire vegetation assemblies may confer some resilience to disturbed forests; however, if projected increases in fire activity in the northwestern boreal forest are borne out, secondary pathways of burn severity, fire frequency, and fire effects on soils are likely to accelerate ongoing climate-driven shifts in species compositions.</abstract>
			<url hash="8d2c9c05">G18-127001</url>
			<pages>151</pages>
			<doi>10.3390/f9030151</doi>
			<bibkey>Whitman-2018-Topoedaphic</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="128">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Environmental Research Letters, Volume 13, Issue 1</booktitle>
			<publisher>IOP Publishing</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Did enhanced afforestation cause high severity peat burn in the Fort McMurray Horse River wildfire?</title>
			<author>
				<first>Sophie</first>
				<last>Wilkinson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Paul A.</first>
				<last>Moore</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mike D.</first>
				<last>Flannigan</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>B. M.</first>
				<last>Wotton</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J. M.</first>
				<last>Waddington</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Climate change mediated drying of boreal peatlands is expected to enhance peatland afforestation and wildfire vulnerability. The water table depth–afforestation feedback represents a positive feedback that can enhance peat drying and consolidation and thereby increase peat burn severity; exacerbating the challenges and costs of wildfire suppression efforts and potentially shifting the peatland to a persistent source of atmospheric carbon. To address this wildfire management challenge, we examined burn severity across a gradient of drying in a black spruce dominated peatland that was partially drained in 1975−1980 and burned in the 2016 Fort McMurray Horse River wildfire. We found that post-drainage black spruce annual ring width increased substantially with intense drainage. Average (±SD) basal diameter was 2.6 ± 1.2 cm, 3.2 ± 2.0 cm and 7.9 ± 4.7 cm in undrained (UD), moderately drained (MD) and heavily drained (HD) treatments, respectively. Depth of burn was significantly different between treatments (p &lt; 0.001) and averaged (±SD) 2.5 ± 3.5 cm, 6.4 ± 5.0 cm and 36.9 ± 29.6 cm for the UD, MD and HD treatments, respectively. The high burn severity in the HD treatment included 38% of the treatment that experienced combustion of the entire peat profile, and we estimate that overall 51% of the HD pre-burn peat carbon stock was lost. We argue that the HD treatment surpassed an ecohydrological tipping point to high severity peat burn that may be identified using black spruce stand characteristics in boreal plains bogs. While further studies are needed, we believe that quantifying this threshold will aid in developing effective adaptive management techniques and protecting boreal peatland carbon stocks.</abstract>
			<url hash="d54f8c53">G18-128001</url>
			<pages>014018</pages>
			<doi>10.1088/1748-9326/aaa136</doi>
			<bibkey>Wilkinson-2018-Did</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="129">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Remote Sensing Letters, Volume 9, Issue 4</booktitle>
			<publisher>Informa UK Limited</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>L-band radiometry freeze/ thaw validation using air temperature and ground measurements</title>
			<author>
				<first>Matthew A.</first>
				<last>Williamson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tracy</first>
				<last>Rowlandson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Aaron</first>
				<last>Berg</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alexandre</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Peter</first>
				<last>Toose</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chris</first>
				<last>Derksen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>L.</first>
				<last>Arnold</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Erica</first>
				<last>Tetlock</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Assessment of remote sensing derived freeze/thaw products from L-band radiometry requires ground validation. There is growing interest in utilizing soil moisture networks to meet this validation re...</abstract>
			<url hash="6df3eb36">G18-129001</url>
			<pages>403-410</pages>
			<doi>10.1080/2150704x.2017.1422872</doi>
			<bibkey>Williamson-2018-L-band</bibkey>
			<project>prj42</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="130">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Nature Sustainability, Volume 1, Issue 3</booktitle>
			<publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>From principles to practice in paying for nature’s services</title>
			<author>
				<first>Sven</first>
				<last>Wunder</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Roy</first>
				<last>Brouwer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stefanie</first>
				<last>Engel</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Driss</first>
				<last>Ezzine‐de‐Blas</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Roldán</first>
				<last>Muradian</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Unai</first>
				<last>Pascual</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Rute</first>
				<last>Pinto</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Payments for Environmental Services (PES) constitute an innovative economic intervention to counteract the global loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functions. In theory, some appealing features should enable PES to perform well in achieving conservation and welfare goals. In practice, outcomes depend on the interplay between context, design and implementation. Inspecting a new global dataset, we find that some PES design principles pre-identified in the social-science literature as desirable, such as spatial targeting and payment differentiation, are only partially being applied in practice. More importantly, the PES-defining principle of conditionality—monitoring compliance and sanctioning detected non-compliance—is seldom being implemented. Administrative ease, multiple non-environmental side objectives and social equity concerns may jointly help explain the reluctance to adopt more sophisticated, theoretically informed practices. However, by taking simplifying shortcuts in design and implementation, PES programmes may become less environmentally effective and efficient as economic incentives, thus underperforming their conservation potential.</abstract>
			<url hash="2d9b8d0c">G18-130001</url>
			<pages>145-150</pages>
			<doi>10.1038/s41893-018-0036-x</doi>
			<bibkey>Wunder-2018-From</bibkey>
			<project>prj22</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="131">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Environmental Pollution, Volume 239</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>In situ microbiota distinguished primary anthropogenic stressor in freshwater sediments</title>
			<author>
				<first>Yuwei</first>
				<last>Xie</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tilman</first>
				<last>Floehr</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Xiaowei</first>
				<last>Zhang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Huang</first>
				<last>Xiao</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jianghua</first>
				<last>Yang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Pu</first>
				<last>Xia</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>G.A.</first>
				<last>Burton</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Henner</first>
				<last>Hollert</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Conventional assessment and evaluation of sediment quality are based on laboratory-based ecotoxicological and chemical measurements with lack of concern for ecological relevance. Microbiotas in sediment are responsive to pollutants and can be used as alternative ecological indicators of sediment pollutants; however, the linkage between the microbial ecology and ecotoxicological endpoints in response to sediment contamination has been poorly evaluated. Here, in situ microbiotas from the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area of the Yangtze River were characterized by DNA metabarcoding approaches, and then, changes of in situ microbiotas were compared with the ecotoxicological endpoint, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated activity, and level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments. PAHs and organic pollutant mixtures mediating AhR activity had different effects on the structures of microbiotas. Specifically, Shannon indices of protistan communities were negatively correlated with the levels of AhR mediated activity and PAHs. The sediment AhR activity was positively correlated with the relative abundance of prokaryotic Acetobacteraceae, but had a negative correlation with protistan Oxytrichidae. Furthermore, a quantitative classification model was built to predict the level of AhR activity based on the relative abundances of Acetobacteraceae and Oxytrichidae. These results suggested that in situ Protista communities could provide a useful tool for monitoring and assessing ecological stressors. The observed responses of microbial community provided supplementary evidence to support that the AhR-active pollutants, such as PAHs, were the primary stressors of the aquatic community in TGR area.</abstract>
			<url hash="9527ea69">G18-131001</url>
			<pages>189-197</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.099</doi>
			<bibkey>Xie-2018-In</bibkey>
			<project>prj1</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="132">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Environmental Pollution, Volume 238</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>eDNA-based bioassessment of coastal sediments impacted by an oil spill</title>
			<author>
				<first>Yuwei</first>
				<last>Xie</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Xiaowei</first>
				<last>Zhang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jianghua</first>
				<last>Yang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Seon Jin</first>
				<last>Kim</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Seongjin</first>
				<last>Hong</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John P.</first>
				<last>Giesy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Un Hyuk</first>
				<last>Yim</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Won Joon</first>
				<last>Shim</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yu</first>
				<last>H</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jong Seong</first>
				<last>Khim</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Oil spills offshore can cause long-term ecological effects on coastal marine ecosystems. Despite their important ecological roles in the cycling of energy and nutrients in food webs, effects on bacteria, protists or arthropods are often neglected. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding was applied to characterize changes in the structure of micro- and macro-biota communities of surface sediments over a 7-year period since the occurrence of Hebei Spirit oil spill on December 7, 2007. Alterations in diversities and structures of micro- and macro-biota were observed in the contaminated area where concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were greater. Successions of bacterial, protists and metazoan communities revealed long-term ecological effects of residual oil. Residual oil dominated the largest cluster of the community-environment association network. Presence of bacterial families (Aerococcaceae and Carnobacteriaceae) and the protozoan family (Platyophryidae) might have conferred sensitivity of communities to oil pollution. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial families (Anaerolinaceae, Desulfobacteraceae, Helicobacteraceae and Piscirickettsiaceae) and algal family (Araphid pennate) were resistant to adverse effects of spilt oil. The protistan family (Subulatomonas) and arthropod families (Folsomia, Sarcophagidae Opomyzoidea, and Anomura) appeared to be positively associated with residual oil pollution. eDNA metabarcoding can provide a powerful tool for assessing effects of anthropogenic pollution, such as oil spills on sediment communities and its long-term trends in coastal marine environments.</abstract>
			<url hash="87924587">G18-132001</url>
			<pages>739-748</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.081</doi>
			<bibkey>Xie-2018-eDNA-based</bibkey>
			<project>prj1</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="133">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Journal of Environmental Quality, Volume 47, Issue 2</booktitle>
			<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Environmental Indicator Principium with Case References to Agricultural Soil, Water, and Air Quality and Model-Derived Indicators</title>
			<author>
				<first>T. Q.</first>
				<last>Zhang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Zhiming</first>
				<last>Zheng</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Rattan</first>
				<last>Lal</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ziyan</first>
				<last>Lin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Andrew N.</first>
				<last>Sharpley</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Amy L.</first>
				<last>Shober</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Douglas R.</first>
				<last>Smith</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>C. S.</first>
				<last>Tan</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Philippe Van</first>
				<last>Cappellen</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Environmental indicators are powerful tools for tracking environmental changes, measuring environmental performance, and informing policymakers. Many diverse environmental indicators, including agricultural environmental indicators, are currently in use or being developed. This special collection of technical papers expands on the peer-reviewed literature on environmental indicators and their application to important current issues in the following areas: (i) model-derived indicators to indicate phosphorus losses from arable land to surface runoff and subsurface drainage, (ii) glutathione-ascorbate cycle-related antioxidants as early-warning bioindicators of polybrominated diphenyl ether toxicity in mangroves, and (iii) assessing the effectiveness of using organic matrix biobeds to limit herbicide dissipation from agricultural fields, thereby controlling on-farm point-source pollution. This introductory review also provides an overview of environmental indicators, mainly for agriculture, with examples related to the quality of the agricultural soil-water-air continuum and the application of model-derived indicators. Current knowledge gaps and future lines of investigation are also discussed. It appears that environmental indicators, particularly those for agriculture, work efficiently at the field, catchment, and local scales and serve as valuable metrics of system functioning and response; however, these indicators need to be refined or further developed to comprehensively meet community expectations in terms of providing a consistent picture of relevant issues and/or allowing comparisons to be made nationally or internationally.</abstract>
			<url hash="3f2e22e2">G18-133001</url>
			<pages>191-202</pages>
			<doi>10.2134/jeq2017.10.0398</doi>
			<bibkey>Zhang-2018-Environmental</bibkey>
			<project>prj22</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="134">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Climate Dynamics, Volume 55, Issue 1-2</booktitle>
			<publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Evaluation of convection-permitting WRF CONUS simulation on the relationship between soil moisture and heatwaves</title>
			<author>
				<first>Zhe</first>
				<last>Zhang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yanping</first>
				<last>Li</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Fei</first>
				<last>Chen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michael</first>
				<last>Barlage</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Zhenhua</first>
				<last>Li</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Soil moisture plays an important role in modulating regional climate from sub-seasonal to seasonal timescales. Particularly important, soil moisture deficits can amplify summer heatwaves (HWs) through soil moisture-temperature feedback which has critical impacts on society, economy and human health. In this study, we evaluate decade-long convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model simulations over the contiguous US on simulating heatwaves and their relationship with antecedent soil moisture using a dense observational network. We showed that the WRF model is capable of capturing the spatial patten of temperature threshold to define HWs, though the simulation shows a warm bias in the Midwest and cold bias in western mountainous regions. Two HW indices, based on frequency (HWF) and magnitude (HWM), are evaluated. Significant anti-correlations between antecedent soil moisture and both HW indices have been found in most parts of the domain except the South Pacific Coast. A detailed study has been conducted for the Midwest and South Great Plains regions, where two heatwaves had occurred in the last decade. In both regions, the high quantile of the HWF distribution shows a strong dependence on antecedent soil moisture: drier soil leads to much larger increase on the upper quantile of HWF than it does on the lower quantile. Soil moisture effects on the higher end of HWM are not as strong as on the lower end: wetter antecedent soil corresponds to a larger decrease on the lower quantile of HWM. WRF captures the heterogeneous responses to dry soil on HWF distribution in both regions, but overestimates these HWM responses in the Midwest and underestimates them in the South Great Plains. Our results show confidence in WRF’s ability to simulate HW characteristics and the impacts of antecedent soil moisture on HWs. These are also important implications for using high-resolution convection-permitting mode to study the coupling between land and atmosphere.</abstract>
			<url hash="a2f91a5b">G18-134001</url>
			<pages>235-252</pages>
			<doi>10.1007/s00382-018-4508-5</doi>
			<bibkey>Zhang-2018-Evaluation</bibkey>
			<project>prj2</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="135">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Volume 56, Issue 12</booktitle>
			<publisher>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Forward and Inverse Radar Modeling of Terrestrial Snow Using SnowSAR Data</title>
			<author>
				<first>Jiyue</first>
				<last>Zhu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Shurun</first>
				<last>Tan</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Joshua</first>
				<last>King</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chris</first>
				<last>Derksen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Juha</first>
				<last>Lemmetyinen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Leung</first>
				<last>Tsang</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>In this paper, we develop a radar snow water equivalent (SWE) retrieval algorithm based on a parameterized forward model of bicontinuous dense media radiative transfer (Bic-DMRT). The algorithm is based on retrieving the absorption loss of the snowpack which is directly proportional to the SWE. In the algorithm, Bic-DMRT is first applied to generate a lookup table (LUT) of snowpack backscattering at X- and Ku-band. Regression training is applied to the LUT to transform the dual-frequency backscatter into functions of two parameters: the scattering albedo at X-band and SWE. The background scattering is subtracted from the SnowSAR data to give the volume scattering of snow. Classification of SnowSAR data is applied to provide a priori information. Based on the obtained volume scattering and the priori information, a cost function is established to find SWE. Performance of the retrieval algorithm was tested using three sets of airborne SnowSAR data acquired over mixed areas in Finland and open tundra landscape in Canada. It is shown that the retrieval algorithm has a root-mean-square error below 30 mm of SWE and a correlation coefficient above 0.64.</abstract>
			<url hash="1a457d3e">G18-135001</url>
			<pages>7122-7132</pages>
			<doi>10.1109/tgrs.2018.2848642</doi>
			<bibkey>Zhu-2018-Forward</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="136">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Geoscientific Model Development, Volume 11, Issue 12</booktitle>
			<publisher>Copernicus GmbH</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>ESM-SnowMIP: assessing snow models and quantifying snow-related climate feedbacks</title>
			<author>
				<first>Gerhard</first>
				<last>Krinner</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chris</first>
				<last>Derksen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Richard</first>
				<last>Essery</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M.</first>
				<last>Flanner</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stefan</first>
				<last>Hagemann</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Martyn P.</first>
				<last>Clark</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alex</first>
				<last>Hall</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Helmut</first>
				<last>Rott</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Claire</first>
				<last>Brutel‐Vuilmet</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hyungjun</first>
				<last>Kim</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Cécile B.</first>
				<last>Ménard</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lawrence</first>
				<last>Mudryk</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chad W.</first>
				<last>Thackeray</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Libo</first>
				<last>Wang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gabriele</first>
				<last>Arduini</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gianpaolo</first>
				<last>Balsamo</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Paul</first>
				<last>Bartlett</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Julia</first>
				<last>Boike</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Aaron</first>
				<last>Boone</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>F.</first>
				<last>Chéruy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jeanne</first>
				<last>Colin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthias</first>
				<last>Cuntz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yongjiu</first>
				<last>Dai</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bertrand</first>
				<last>Decharme</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jeff</first>
				<last>Derry</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Agnès</first>
				<last>Ducharne</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Emanuel</first>
				<last>Dutra</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Xing</first>
				<last>Fang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Charles</first>
				<last>Fierz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Josephine</first>
				<last>Ghattas</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yeugeniy M.</first>
				<last>Gusev</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Vanessa</first>
				<last>Haverd</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Anna</first>
				<last>Kontu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthieu</first>
				<last>Lafaysse</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>R. M.</first>
				<last>Law</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>David M.</first>
				<last>Lawrence</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Weiping</first>
				<last>Li</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Thomas</first>
				<last>Marke</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Danny</first>
				<last>Marks</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Martin</first>
				<last>Ménégoz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>О. Н.</first>
				<last>Насонова</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tomoko</first>
				<last>Nitta</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michio</first>
				<last>Niwano</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>John W.</first>
				<last>Pomeroy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mark S.</first>
				<last>Raleigh</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gerd</first>
				<last>Schaedler</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>В. А.</first>
				<last>Семенов</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tanya</first>
				<last>Smirnova</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tobias</first>
				<last>Stacke</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ulrich</first>
				<last>Strasser</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sean</first>
				<last>Svenson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Dmitry</first>
				<last>Turkov</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tao</first>
				<last>Wang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nander</first>
				<last>Wever</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hua</first>
				<last>Yuan</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Wenyan</first>
				<last>Zhou</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Dan</first>
				<last>Zhu</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. This paper describes ESM-SnowMIP, an international coordinated modelling effort to evaluate current snow schemes, including snow schemes that are included in Earth system models, in a wide variety of settings against local and global observations. The project aims to identify crucial processes and characteristics that need to be improved in snow models in the context of local- and global-scale modelling. A further objective of ESM-SnowMIP is to better quantify snow-related feedbacks in the Earth system. Although it is not part of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), ESM-SnowMIP is tightly linked to the CMIP6-endorsed Land Surface, Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison (LS3MIP).</abstract>
			<url hash="08f0d2d0">G18-136001</url>
			<pages>5027-5049</pages>
			<doi>10.5194/gmd-11-5027-2018</doi>
			<bibkey>Krinner-2018-ESM-SnowMIP:</bibkey>
			<project>prj4</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="137">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 45, Issue 18</booktitle>
			<publisher>American Geophysical Union (AGU)</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Mineral Weathering and the Permafrost Carbon‐Climate Feedback</title>
			<author>
				<first>Scott</first>
				<last>Zolkos</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Suzanne E.</first>
				<last>Tank</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Steven V.</first>
				<last>Kokelj</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Permafrost thaw in the Arctic enables the biogeochemical transformation of vast stores of organic carbon into carbon dioxide (CO2). This CO2 release has significant implications for climate feedbacks, yet the potential counterbalance from CO2 fixation via chemical weathering of minerals exposed by thawing permafrost is entirely unstudied. We show that thermokarst in the western Canadian Arctic can enable rapid weathering of carbonate tills, driven by sulfuric acid from sulfide oxidation. Unlike carbonic acid‐driven weathering, this caused significant and previously undocumented CO2 production and outgassing in headwater streams. Increasing riverine solute fluxes correspond with long‐term intensification of thermokarst and reflect the regional predominance of sulfuric acid‐driven carbonate weathering. We conclude that thermokarst‐enhanced mineral weathering has potential to profoundly disrupt Arctic freshwater carbon cycling. While thermokarst and sulfuric acid‐driven carbonate weathering in the western Canadian Arctic amplify CO2 release, regional variation in sulfide oxidation will moderate the effects on the permafrost carbon‐climate feedback.</abstract>
			<url hash="b04cb5b5">G18-137001</url>
			<pages>9623-9632</pages>
			<doi>10.1029/2018gl078748</doi>
			<bibkey>Zolkos-2018-Mineral</bibkey>
			<project>prj46</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="138">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Hydrological Sciences Journal, Volume 63, Issue 10</booktitle>
			<publisher>Informa UK Limited</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Modelling forest snow processes with a new version of WaSiM</title>
			<author>
				<first>Kristian</first>
				<last>Förster</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jakob</first>
				<last>Garvelmann</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gertraud</first>
				<last>Meißl</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ulrich</first>
				<last>Strasser</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>We present a new model extension for the Water balance Simulation Model, WaSiM, which features (i) snow interception and (ii) modified meteorological conditions under coniferous forest canopies, co...</abstract>
			<url hash="d17b5018">G18-3001</url>
			<pages>1540-1557</pages>
			<doi>10.1080/02626667.2018.1518626</doi>
			<bibkey>Förster-2018-Modelling</bibkey>
			<project>prj46</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="139">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 2</booktitle>
			<publisher>Copernicus GmbH</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Retrospective forecasts of the upcoming winter season snow accumulation in the Inn headwaters (European Alps)</title>
			<author>
				<first>Kristian</first>
				<last>Förster</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Florian</first>
				<last>Hanzer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Elena</first>
				<last>Stoll</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Adam A.</first>
				<last>Scaife</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Craig</first>
				<last>MacLachlan</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Johannes</first>
				<last>Schöber</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthias</first>
				<last>Huttenlau</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stefan</first>
				<last>Achleitner</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ulrich</first>
				<last>Strasser</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. This article presents analyses of retrospective seasonal forecasts of snow accumulation. Re-forecasts with 4 months' lead time from two coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (NCEP CFSv2 and MetOffice GloSea5) drive the Alpine Water balance and Runoff Estimation model (AWARE) in order to predict mid-winter snow accumulation in the Inn headwaters. As snowpack is hydrological storage that evolves during the winter season, it is strongly dependent on precipitation totals of the previous months. Climate model (CM) predictions of precipitation totals integrated from November to February (NDJF) compare reasonably well with observations. Even though predictions for precipitation may not be significantly more skilful than for temperature, the predictive skill achieved for precipitation is retained in subsequent water balance simulations when snow water equivalent (SWE) in February is considered. Given the AWARE simulations driven by observed meteorological fields as a benchmark for SWE analyses, the correlation achieved using GloSea5-AWARE SWE predictions is r = 0.57. The tendency of SWE anomalies (i.e. the sign of anomalies) is correctly predicted in 11 of 13 years. For CFSv2-AWARE, the corresponding values are r = 0.28 and 7 of 13 years. The results suggest that some seasonal prediction of hydrological model storage tendencies in parts of Europe is possible.</abstract>
			<url hash="f4100fc4">G18-5001</url>
			<pages>1157-1173</pages>
			<doi>10.5194/hess-22-1157-2018</doi>
			<bibkey>Förster-2018-Retrospective</bibkey>
			<project>prj46</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>Projected cryospheric and hydrological impacts of  21st century climate change in the Ötztal Alps (Austria)  simulated using a physically based approach</title>
			<author>
				<first>Florian</first>
				<last>Hanzer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kristian</first>
				<last>Förster</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Johanna</first>
				<last>Nemec</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ulrich</first>
				<last>Strasser</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. A physically based hydroclimatological model (AMUNDSEN) is used to assess future climate change impacts on the cryosphere and hydrology of the Ötztal Alps (Austria) until 2100. The model is run in 100 m spatial and 3 h temporal resolution using in total 31 downscaled, bias-corrected, and temporally disaggregated EURO-CORDEX climate projections for the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 scenarios as forcing data, making this – to date – the most detailed study for this region in terms of process representation and range of considered climate projections. Changes in snow coverage, glacierization, and hydrological regimes are discussed both for a larger area encompassing the Ötztal Alps (1850 km2, 862–3770 m a.s.l.) as well as for seven catchments in the area with varying size (11–165 km2) and glacierization (24–77 %). Results show generally declining snow amounts with moderate decreases (0–20 % depending on the emission scenario) of mean annual snow water equivalent in high elevations (&gt; 2500 m a.s.l.) until the end of the century. The largest decreases, amounting to up to 25–80 %, are projected to occur in elevations below 1500 m a.s.l. Glaciers in the region will continue to retreat strongly, leaving only 4–20 % of the initial (as of 2006) ice volume left by 2100. Total and summer (JJA) runoff will change little during the early 21st century (2011–2040) with simulated decreases (compared to 1997–2006) of up to 11 % (total) and 13 % (summer) depending on catchment and scenario, whereas runoff volumes decrease by up to 39 % (total) and 47 % (summer) towards the end of the century (2071–2100), accompanied by a shift in peak flows from July towards June.</abstract>
			<url hash="6d195e7e">G18-5002</url>
			<pages>1593-1614</pages>
			<doi>10.5194/hess-22-1593-2018</doi>
			<bibkey>Hanzer-2018-Projected</bibkey>
			<project>prj46</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="140">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>The Cryosphere, Volume 12, Issue 2</booktitle>
			<publisher>Copernicus GmbH</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>The European mountain cryosphere: a review of its current state, trends, and future challenges</title>
			<author>
				<first>Martin</first>
				<last>Beniston</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Daniel</first>
				<last>Farinotti</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Markus</first>
				<last>Stoffel</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Liss M.</first>
				<last>Andreassen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Erika</first>
				<last>Coppola</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nicolas</first>
				<last>Eckert</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Adriano</first>
				<last>Fantini</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Florie</first>
				<last>Giacona</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christian</first>
				<last>Hauck</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthias</first>
				<last>Huss</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hendrik</first>
				<last>Huwald</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michael</first>
				<last>Lehning</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Juan I.</first>
				<last>López‐Moreno</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jan</first>
				<last>Magnusson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christoph</first>
				<last>Marty</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Enrique</first>
				<last>Morán‐Tejeda</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Samuel</first>
				<last>Morin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mohamed</first>
				<last>Naaïm</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Antonello</first>
				<last>Provenzale</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Antoine</first>
				<last>Rabatel</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Delphine</first>
				<last>Six</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Johann</first>
				<last>Stötter</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ulrich</first>
				<last>Strasser</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Silvia</first>
				<last>Terzago</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christian</first>
				<last>Vincent</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. The mountain cryosphere of mainland Europe is recognized to have important impacts on a range of environmental processes. In this paper, we provide an overview on the current knowledge on snow, glacier, and permafrost processes, as well as their past, current, and future evolution. We additionally provide an assessment of current cryosphere research in Europe and point to the different domains requiring further research. Emphasis is given to our understanding of climate–cryosphere interactions, cryosphere controls on physical and biological mountain systems, and related impacts. By the end of the century, Europe's mountain cryosphere will have changed to an extent that will impact the landscape, the hydrological regimes, the water resources, and the infrastructure. The impacts will not remain confined to the mountain area but also affect the downstream lowlands, entailing a wide range of socioeconomical consequences. European mountains will have a completely different visual appearance, in which low- and mid-range-altitude glaciers will have disappeared and even large valley glaciers will have experienced significant retreat and mass loss. Due to increased air temperatures and related shifts from solid to liquid precipitation, seasonal snow lines will be found at much higher altitudes, and the snow season will be much shorter than today. These changes in snow and ice melt will cause a shift in the timing of discharge maxima, as well as a transition of runoff regimes from glacial to nival and from nival to pluvial. This will entail significant impacts on the seasonality of high-altitude water availability, with consequences for water storage and management in reservoirs for drinking water, irrigation, and hydropower production. Whereas an upward shift of the tree line and expansion of vegetation can be expected into current periglacial areas, the disappearance of permafrost at lower altitudes and its warming at higher elevations will likely result in mass movements and process chains beyond historical experience. Future cryospheric research has the responsibility not only to foster awareness of these expected changes and to develop targeted strategies to precisely quantify their magnitude and rate of occurrence but also to help in the development of approaches to adapt to these changes and to mitigate their consequences. Major joint efforts are required in the domain of cryospheric monitoring, which will require coordination in terms of data availability and quality. In particular, we recognize the quantification of high-altitude precipitation as a key source of uncertainty in projections of future changes. Improvements in numerical modeling and a better understanding of process chains affecting high-altitude mass movements are the two further fields that – in our view – future cryospheric research should focus on.</abstract>
			<url hash="e6a5a02a">G18-6001</url>
			<pages>759-794</pages>
			<doi>10.5194/tc-12-759-2018</doi>
			<bibkey>Beniston-2018-The</bibkey>
			<project>prj46</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="141">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Climate Dynamics, Volume 53, Issue 1-2</booktitle>
			<publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Mixed precipitation occurrences over southern Québec, Canada, under warmer climate conditions using a regional climate model</title>
			<author>
				<first>Dominic</first>
				<last>Matte</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Julie M.</first>
				<last>Thériault</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>René</first>
				<last>Laprise</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Winter weather events with temperatures near $$0\,^\circ\mathrm{{C}}$$ are often associated with freezing rain. They can have major impacts on the society by causing power outages and disruptions to the transportation networks. Despite the catastrophic consequences of freezing rain, very few studies have investigated how their occurrences could evolve under climate change. This study aims to investigate the change of freezing rain and ice pellets over southern Québec using regional climate modeling at high resolution. The fifth-generation Canadian Regional Climate Model with climate scenario RCP 8.5 at $$0.11^\circ$$ grid mesh was used. The precipitation types such as freezing rain, ice pellets or their combination are diagnosed using five methods (Cantin and Bachand, Bourgouin, Ramer, Czys and, Baldwin). The occurrences of the diagnosed precipitation types for the recent past (1980–2009) are found to be comparable to observations. The projections for the future scenario (2070–2099) suggested a general decrease in the occurrences of mixed precipitation over southern Québec from October to April. This is mainly due to a decrease in long-duration events ( $$\ge 6\,\mathrm{{h}}$$ ). Overall, this study contributes to better understand how the distribution of freezing rain and ice pellets might change in the future using high-resolution regional climate model.</abstract>
			<url hash="69c7377d">G18-2001</url>
			<pages>1125-1141</pages>
			<doi>10.1007/s00382-018-4231-2</doi>
			<bibkey>Matte-2018-Mixed</bibkey>
			<project>prj5</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="142">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Science of The Total Environment, Volume 637-638</booktitle>
			<publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Mercury and omega-3 fatty acid profiles in freshwater fish of the Dehcho Region, Northwest Territories: Informing risk benefit assessments</title>
			<author>
				<first>Matthew</first>
				<last>Laird</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Juan J. Aristizabal</first>
				<last>Henao</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ellen S.</first>
				<last>Reyes</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ken D.</first>
				<last>Stark</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>George C.</first>
				<last>Low</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Heidi K.</first>
				<last>Swanson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Brian</first>
				<last>Laird</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Traditional foods have significant nutritional, sociocultural and economic value in subarctic First Nations communities of the Northwest Territories, and play a crucial role in promoting cultural continuity and sovereignty. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N-3 PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), carry significant benefits for neurocognitive development and cardiovascular health. However, the health risks posed by methylmercury may serve to undermine the benefits of fish consumption in Northern Indigenous communities. The objective of this study was to characterize profiles for mercury (Hg) and fatty acids in fish species harvested across lakes of the Dehcho Region, in the Mackenzie Valley of the Northwest Territories, to better understand the risks and benefits associated with traditional foods. Hg levels increased with trophic position, with the highest levels found in Burbot, Lake Trout, Walleye, and Northern Pike. Lake Trout, along with planktivorous species including Lake Whitefish, Cisco, and Sucker, demonstrated higher N-3 PUFAs than other species. Negative associations were observed between Hg and N-3 PUFAs in Lake Trout, Northern Pike, Walleye and Burbot. Further stratifying these relationships revealed significant interactions by lake. Significant differences observed in fatty acid and Hg profiles across lakes underscore the importance of considering both species- and lake-specific findings. This growing dataset of freshwater fish of the Dehcho will inform future efforts to characterize human Hg exposure profiles using probabilistic dose reconstruction models.</abstract>
			<url hash="d17b5018">G18-3001</url>
			<pages>1508-1517</pages>
			<doi>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.381</doi>
			<bibkey>Laird-2018-Mercury</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="143">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>2018 IEEE 25th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)</booktitle>
			<publisher>IEEE</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Micro-clones in evolving software</title>
			<author>
				<first>Manishankar</first>
				<last>Mondai</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chanchal K.</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kevin A.</first>
				<last>Schneider</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Detection, tracking, and refactoring of code clones (i.e., identical or nearly similar code fragments in the code-base of a software system) have been extensively investigated by a great many studies. Code clones have often been considered bad smells. While clone refactoring is important for removing code clones from the code-base, clone tracking is important for consistently updating code clones that are not suitable for refactoring. In this research we investigate the importance of micro-clones (i.e., code clones of less than five lines of code) in consistent updating of the code-base. While the existing clone detectors and trackers have ignored micro clones, our investigation on thousands of commits from six subject systems imply that around 80% of all consistent updates during system evolution occur in micro clones. The percentage of consistent updates occurring in micro clones is significantly higher than that in regular clones according to our statistical significance tests. Also, the consistent updates occurring in micro-clones can be up to 23% of all updates during the whole period of evolution. According to our manual analysis, around 83% of the consistent updates in micro-clones are non-trivial. As micro-clones also require consistent updates like the regular clones, tracking or refactoring micro-clones can help us considerably minimize effort for consistently updating such clones. Thus, micro-clones should also be taken into proper consideration when making clone management decisions.</abstract>
			<url hash="f4100fc4">G18-5001</url>
			<doi>10.1109/saner.2018.8330196</doi>
			<bibkey>Mondai-2018-Micro-clones</bibkey>
			<project>prj8</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>Classifying stack overflow posts on API issues</title>
			<author>
				<first>Md</first>
				<last>Ahasanuzzaman</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Muhammad</first>
				<last>Asaduzzaman</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chanchal K.</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kevin A.</first>
				<last>Schneider</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>The design and maintenance of APIs are complex tasks due to the constantly changing requirements of its users. Despite the efforts of its designers, APIs may suffer from a number of issues (such as incomplete or erroneous documentation, poor performance, and backward incompatibility). To maintain a healthy client base, API designers must learn these issues to fix them. Question answering sites, such as Stack Overflow (SO), has become a popular place for discussing API issues. These posts about API issues are invaluable to API designers, not only because they can help to learn more about the problem but also because they can facilitate learning the requirements of API users. However, the unstructured nature of posts and the abundance of non-issue posts make the task of detecting SO posts concerning API issues difficult and challenging. In this paper, we first develop a supervised learning approach using a Conditional Random Field (CRF), a statistical modeling method, to identify API issue-related sentences. We use the above information together with different features of posts and experience of users to build a technique, called CAPS, that can classify SO posts concerning API issues. Evaluation of CAPS using carefully curated SO posts on three popular API types reveals that the technique outperforms all three baseline approaches we consider in this study. We also conduct studies to test the generalizability of CAPS results and to understand the effects of different sources of information on it.</abstract>
			<url hash="6d195e7e">G18-5002</url>
			<doi>10.1109/saner.2018.8330213</doi>
			<bibkey>Ahasanuzzaman-2018-Classifying</bibkey>
			<project>prj8</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="144">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering</booktitle>
			<publisher>ACM</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>CCAligner</title>
			<author>
				<first>Pengcheng</first>
				<last>Wang</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jeffrey</first>
				<last>Svajlenko</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yanzhao</first>
				<last>Wu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yun</first>
				<last>Xu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chanchal K.</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Copying code and then pasting with large number of edits is a common activity in software development, and the pasted code is a kind of complicated Type-3 clone. Due to large number of edits, we consider the clone as a large-gap clone. Large-gap clone can reflect the extension of code, such as change and improvement. The existing state-of-the-art clone detectors suffer from several limitations in detecting large-gap clones. In this paper, we propose a tool, CCAligner, using code window that considers e edit distance for matching to detect large-gap clones. In our approach, a novel e-mismatch index is designed and the asymmetric similarity coefficient is used for similarity measure. We thoroughly evaluate CCAligner both for large-gap clone detection, and for general Type-1, Type-2 and Type-3 clone detection. The results show that CCAligner performs better than other competing tools in large-gap clone detection, and has the best execution time for 10MLOC input with good precision and recall in general Type-1 to Type-3 clone detection. Compared with existing state-of-the-art tools, CCAligner is the best performing large-gap clone detection tool, and remains competitive with the best clone detectors in general Type-1, Type-2 and Type-3 clone detection.</abstract>
			<url hash="e6a5a02a">G18-6001</url>
			<doi>10.1145/3180155.3180179</doi>
			<bibkey>Wang-2018-CCAligner</bibkey>
			<project>prj8</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="145">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceeedings</booktitle>
			<publisher>ACM</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Improving bug localization with report quality dynamics and query reformulation</title>
			<author>
				<first>Mohammad Masudur</first>
				<last>Rahman</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chanchai K.</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Recent findings from a user study suggest that IR-based bug localization techniques do not perform well if the bug report lacks rich structured information such as relevant program entity names. On the contrary, excessive structured information such as stack traces in the bug report might always not be helpful for the automated bug localization. In this paper, we conduct a large empirical study using 5,500 bug reports from eight subject systems and replicating three existing studies from the literature. Our findings (1) empirically demonstrate how quality dynamics of bug reports affect the performances of IR-based bug localization, and (2) suggest potential ways (e.g., query reformulations) to overcome such limitations.</abstract>
			<url hash="5e19c74f">G18-7001</url>
			<doi>10.1145/3183440.3195003</doi>
			<bibkey>Rahman-2018-Improving</bibkey>
			<project>prj8</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>Fast, scalable and user-guided clone detection</title>
			<author>
				<first>Jeffrey</first>
				<last>Svajlenko</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Chanchai K.</first>
				<last>Roy</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Despite the great number of clone detection approaches proposed in the literature, few have the scalability and speed to analyze large inter-project source datasets, where clone detection has many potential applications. Furthermore, because of the many uses of clone detection, an approach is needed that can adapt to the needs of the user to detect any kind of clone. We propose a clone detection approach designed for user-guided clone detection by exploiting the power of source transformation in a plugin based source processing pipeline. Clones are detected using a simple Jaccard-based clone similarity metric, and users customize the representation of their source code as sets of terms to target particular types or kinds of clones. Fast and scalable clone detection is achieved with indexing, sub-block filtering and input partitioning.</abstract>
			<url hash="c71096f5">G18-7002</url>
			<doi>10.1145/3183440.3195005</doi>
			<bibkey>Svajlenko-2018-Fast,</bibkey>
			<project>prj8</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="146">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>International Agrophysics, Volume 32, Issue 4</booktitle>
			<publisher>Walter de Gruyter GmbH</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Towards long-term standardised carbon and greenhouse gas observations for monitoring Europe’s terrestrial ecosystems: a review</title>
			<author>
				<first>Daniela</first>
				<last>Franz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Manuel</first>
				<last>Acosta</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Núria</first>
				<last>Altimir</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nicola</first>
				<last>Arriga</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Dominique</first>
				<last>Arrouays</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Marc</first>
				<last>Aubinet</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mika</first>
				<last>Aurela</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Edward</first>
				<last>Ayres</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ana</first>
				<last>López‐Ballesteros</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mireille</first>
				<last>Barbaste</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Daniel</first>
				<last>Berveiller</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sébastien</first>
				<last>Biraud</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hakima</first>
				<last>Boukir</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Thomas S.</first>
				<last>Brown</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christian</first>
				<last>Brümmer</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nina</first>
				<last>Buchmann</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>George</first>
				<last>Burba</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Arnaud</first>
				<last>Carrara</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>A.</first>
				<last>Cescatti</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Éric</first>
				<last>Ceschia</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Robert</first>
				<last>Clement</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Edoardo</first>
				<last>Cremonese</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Patrick</first>
				<last>Crill</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Eva</first>
				<last>Dařenová</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sigrid</first>
				<last>Dengel</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Petra</first>
				<last>D’Odorico</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gianluca</first>
				<last>Filippa</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stefan</first>
				<last>Fleck</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gerardo</first>
				<last>Fratini</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Roland</first>
				<last>Fuß</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bert</first>
				<last>Gielen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sébastien</first>
				<last>Gogo</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>J.</first>
				<last>Grace</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Alexander</first>
				<last>Graf</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Achim</first>
				<last>Grelle</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Patrick</first>
				<last>Gross</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Thomas</first>
				<last>Grünwald</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sami</first>
				<last>Haapanala</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Markus</first>
				<last>Hehn</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bernard</first>
				<last>Heinesch</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jouni</first>
				<last>Heiskanen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mathias</first>
				<last>Herbst</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christine</first>
				<last>Herschlein</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lukas</first>
				<last>Hörtnagl</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Koen</first>
				<last>Hufkens</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Andreas</first>
				<last>Ibrom</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Claudy</first>
				<last>Jolivet</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lilian</first>
				<last>Joly</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Michael B.</first>
				<last>Jones</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ralf</first>
				<last>Kiese</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Leif</first>
				<last>Klemedtsson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Natascha</first>
				<last>Kljun</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Katja</first>
				<last>Klumpp</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Pasi</first>
				<last>Kolari</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Olaf</first>
				<last>Kolle</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Andrew S.</first>
				<last>Kowalski</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Werner L.</first>
				<last>Kutsch</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tuomas</first>
				<last>Laurila</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Anne De</first>
				<last>Ligne</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sune</first>
				<last>Linder</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Anders</first>
				<last>Lindroth</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Annalea</first>
				<last>Lohila</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bernhard</first>
				<last>Longdoz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ivan</first>
				<last>Mammarella</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tanguy</first>
				<last>Manise</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sara</first>
				<last>Marañón-Jiménez</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Giorgio</first>
				<last>Matteucci</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthias</first>
				<last>Mauder</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Philip</first>
				<last>Meier</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lutz</first>
				<last>Merbold</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Simone</first>
				<last>Mereu</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stefan</first>
				<last>Metzger</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mirco</first>
				<last>Migliavacca</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Meelis</first>
				<last>Mölder</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Leonardo</first>
				<last>Montagnani</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christine</first>
				<last>Moureaux</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>David D.</first>
				<last>Nelson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Eiko</first>
				<last>Nemitz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Giacomo</first>
				<last>Nicolini</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mats</first>
				<last>Nilsson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Maarten Op de</first>
				<last>Beeck</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bruce</first>
				<last>Osborne</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mikaell Ottosson</first>
				<last>Löfvenius</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Marián</first>
				<last>Pavelka</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthias</first>
				<last>Peichl</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Olli</first>
				<last>Peltola</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mari</first>
				<last>Pihlatie</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Andrea</first>
				<last>Pitacco</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Radek</first>
				<last>Pokorný</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Jukka</first>
				<last>Pumpanen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Céline</first>
				<last>Ratié</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Corinna</first>
				<last>Rebmann</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Marilyn</first>
				<last>Roland</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Simone</first>
				<last>Sabbatini</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nicolas</first>
				<last>Saby</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthew</first>
				<last>Saunders</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hans Peter</first>
				<last>Schmid</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Marion</first>
				<last>Schrumpf</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Pavel</first>
				<last>Sedlák</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Penélope</first>
				<last>Serrano-Ortiz</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lukas</first>
				<last>Siebicke</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ladislav</first>
				<last>Šigut</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Hanna</first>
				<last>Silvennoinen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Guillaume</first>
				<last>Simioni</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Ute</first>
				<last>Skiba</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Oliver</first>
				<last>Sonnentag</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kamel</first>
				<last>Soudani</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Patrice</first>
				<last>Soulé</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>R.</first>
				<last>Steinbrecher</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tiphaine</first>
				<last>Tallec</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Anne</first>
				<last>Thimonier</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Eeva‐Stiina</first>
				<last>Tuittila</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Juha‐Pekka</first>
				<last>Tuovinen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Patrik</first>
				<last>Vestin</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Gaëlle</first>
				<last>Vincent</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Caroline</first>
				<last>Vincke</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Domenico</first>
				<last>Vitale</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Peter</first>
				<last>Waldner</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Per</first>
				<last>Weslien</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lisa</first>
				<last>Wingate</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Georg</first>
				<last>Wohlfahrt</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>M. S.</first>
				<last>Zahniser</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Timo</first>
				<last>Vesala</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract Research infrastructures play a key role in launching a new generation of integrated long-term, geographically distributed observation programmes designed to monitor climate change, better understand its impacts on global ecosystems, and evaluate possible mitigation and adaptation strategies. The pan-European Integrated Carbon Observation System combines carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG; CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, H 2 O) observations within the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems and oceans. High-precision measurements are obtained using standardised methodologies, are centrally processed and openly available in a traceable and verifiable fashion in combination with detailed metadata. The Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem station network aims to sample climate and land-cover variability across Europe. In addition to GHG flux measurements, a large set of complementary data (including management practices, vegetation and soil characteristics) is collected to support the interpretation, spatial upscaling and modelling of observed ecosystem carbon and GHG dynamics. The applied sampling design was developed and formulated in protocols by the scientific community, representing a trade-off between an ideal dataset and practical feasibility. The use of open-access, high-quality and multi-level data products by different user communities is crucial for the Integrated Carbon Observation System in order to achieve its scientific potential and societal value.</abstract>
			<url hash="067ad719">G18-8001</url>
			<pages>439-455</pages>
			<doi>10.1515/intag-2017-0039</doi>
			<bibkey>Franz-2018-Towards</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
		<paper id="2">
			<title>Ancillary vegetation measurements at ICOS ecosystem stations</title>
			<author>
				<first>Bert</first>
				<last>Gielen</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Manuel</first>
				<last>Acosta</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Núria</first>
				<last>Altimir</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Nina</first>
				<last>Buchmann</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>A.</first>
				<last>Cescatti</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Éric</first>
				<last>Ceschia</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Stefan</first>
				<last>Fleck</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lukas</first>
				<last>Hörtnagl</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Katja</first>
				<last>Klumpp</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Pasi</first>
				<last>Kolari</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Annalea</first>
				<last>Lohila</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Denis</first>
				<last>Loustau</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Sara</first>
				<last>Marañón-Jiménez</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tanguy</first>
				<last>Manise</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Giorgio</first>
				<last>Matteucci</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lutz</first>
				<last>Merbold</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christine</first>
				<last>Metzger</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Christine</first>
				<last>Moureaux</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Leonardo</first>
				<last>Montagnani</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Mats</first>
				<last>Nilsson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Bruce</first>
				<last>Osborne</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Dario</first>
				<last>Papale</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Marián</first>
				<last>Pavelka</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthew</first>
				<last>Saunders</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Guillaume</first>
				<last>Simioni</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Kamel</first>
				<last>Soudani</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Oliver</first>
				<last>Sonnentag</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Tiphaine</first>
				<last>Tallec</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Eeva‐Stiina</first>
				<last>Tuittila</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Matthias</first>
				<last>Peichl</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Radek</first>
				<last>Pokorný</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Caroline</first>
				<last>Vincke</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Georg</first>
				<last>Wohlfahrt</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract The Integrated Carbon Observation System is a Pan-European distributed research infrastructure that has as its main goal to monitor the greenhouse gas balance of Europe. The ecosystem component of Integrated Carbon Observation System consists of a multitude of stations where the net greenhouse gas exchange is monitored continuously by eddy covariance measurements while, in addition many other measurements are carried out that are a key to an understanding of the greenhouse gas balance. Amongst them are the continuous meteorological measurements and a set of non-continuous measurements related to vegetation. The latter include Green Area Index, aboveground biomass and litter biomass. The standardized methodology that is used at the Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem stations to monitor these vegetation related variables differs between the ecosystem types that are represented within the network, whereby in this paper we focus on forests, grasslands, croplands and mires. For each of the variables and ecosystems a spatial and temporal sampling design was developed so that the variables can be monitored in a consistent way within the ICOS network. The standardisation of the methodology to collect Green Area Index, above ground biomass and litter biomass and the methods to evaluate the quality of the collected data ensures that all stations within the ICOS ecosystem network produce data sets with small and similar errors, which allows for inter-comparison comparisons across the Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem network.</abstract>
			<url hash="9f7386a3">G18-8002</url>
			<pages>645-664</pages>
			<doi>10.1515/intag-2017-0048</doi>
			<bibkey>Gielen-2018-Ancillary</bibkey>
			<project>prj29</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="147">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 10</booktitle>
			<publisher>Copernicus GmbH</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Combined impacts of ENSO and MJO on the 2015 growing season drought on the Canadian Prairies</title>
			<author>
				<first>Zhenhua</first>
				<last>Li</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Yanping</first>
				<last>Li</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Barrie</first>
				<last>Bonsal</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>A. H.</first>
				<last>Manson</last>
			</author>
			<author>
				<first>Lucia</first>
				<last>Scaff</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>Abstract. Warm-season precipitation on the Canadian Prairies plays a crucial role in agricultural production. This research investigates how the early summer 2015 drought across the Canadian Prairies is related to the tropical Pacific forcing. The significant deficit of precipitation in May and June 2015 coincided with a warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and a negative phase of Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO)-4 index, which favour a positive geopotential height (GPH) anomaly in western Canada. Our further investigation during the instrumental record (1979–2016) shows that warm-season precipitation in the Canadian Prairies and the corresponding atmospheric circulation anomalies over western Canada teleconnected with the lower boundary conditions in the tropical western Pacific. Our results indicate that MJO can play a crucial role in determining the summer precipitation anomaly in the western Canadian Prairies when the equatorial central Pacific is warmer than normal (NINO4 &gt; 0) and MJO is more active. This teleconnection is due to the propagation of a stationary Rossby wave that is generated in the MJO-4 index region. When the tropical convection around MJO-4 index region (western tropical Pacific, centred over 140∘ E) is more active than normal (NINO4 &gt; 0), Rossby wave trains originate from the western Pacific with wavenumbers determined by the background mean wind and meridional absolute vorticity gradient. Under warm NINO4 conditions waves are generated with smaller wavenumbers compared to cold NINO4 conditions. These waves under warm NINO4 can propagate into the mid-latitudes over North America, causing a persistent anomalous ridge in the upper level over western Canada, which favours dry conditions over the region.</abstract>
			<url hash="bec6b07c">G18-9001</url>
			<pages>5057-5067</pages>
			<doi>10.5194/hess-22-5057-2018</doi>
			<bibkey>Li-Li-2018-Combined-impacts</bibkey>
			<project>prj2</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
	<volume id="148">
		<meta>
			<booktitle>Aquatic Ecosystem Health &amp; Management, Volume 21, Issue 4</booktitle>
			<publisher>Michigan State University Press</publisher>
			<address/>
			<year>2018</year>
		</meta>
		<paper id="1">
			<title>Revisiting governance principles for effective Remedial Action Plan implementation and capacity building</title>
			<author>
				<first>Gail</first>
				<last>Krantzberg</last>
			</author>
			<abstract>The creation of Remedial Action Plans for the Great Lakes Areas of Concern was an experiment in addressing anthropogenic stress on human and nonhuman uses of the nearshore zones, invoking new governance paradigms. This article examines how positive governance attributes and negative governance deficits can benefit from an adaptive governance approach. More specifically, it explores best practises in governance for environmental management and suggests a framework in which Areas of Concern approaches can achieve adaptive capacity. This research also aims to identify gaps in current governance arrangements in the ongoing effort to regenerate excellence in the Areas of Concern, with a view forward to nearshore governance frameworks under both Annex 1 and Annex 2 of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement Protocol of 2012.</abstract>
			<url hash="f3ba6e90">G18-10001</url>
			<pages>470-477</pages>
			<doi>10.1080/14634988.2018.1536501</doi>
			<bibkey>Krantzberg-2018-Revisiting</bibkey>
			<project>prj22</project>
		</paper>
	</volume>
</collection>