Buzzer

Buzzer - Piezo Buzzer Controller

This device binding allows playing certain tones using piezo buzzer. It uses PWM with 50% duty cycle and various frequencies.

Piezo buzzers with three pins supported as well as piezo buzzers with two pins.

Device Family

This binding was tested on two types of piezo buzzers. First type of buzzer has two pins vcc and gnd. Second type of buzzers has addition signal pin.

Usage

The Buzzer class can use either software or hardware PWM. This is done fully transparently by the initialization.

If you want to use the software PWM, you have to call the constructor that takes in one integer: public Buzzer(int pinNumber).

To use the hardware PWM, make sure you reference correctly the chip and channel you want to use, and call the constructor that takes two integers (chip and channel).

Also you could explicitly pass a PwmChannel if you want to construct that yourself.

Here's an example how you could use Buzzer.

using (Buzzer buzzer = new Buzzer(21)); // Initialize buzzer with software PWM connected to pin 21.
{
    buzzer.PlayTone(440, 1000); // Play tone with frequency 440 hertz for one second.
}

Important Depending on your platform, you may have to setup the pins properly. In case of ESP32, use the nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32 nuget then configure the pin properly like Configuration.SetPinFunction(21, DeviceFunction.PWM1);. That should be done before creating the Buzzer.

Buzzer allows to play tone for certain duration like in example above. Or you could start tone playing, perform some operation and then stop tone playing like in a following example.

using (Buzzer buzzer = new Buzzer(21));
{
    buzzer.StartPlaying(440);
    Thread.Sleep(1000);
    buzzer.StopPlaying();
}

The result will be the same as in previous example.

Buzzer allows you to play only single tone at a single moment. If you will call SetFrequency sequentially with a different frequencies then the last call will override previous calls. Following example explains it.

using (Buzzer buzzer = new Buzzer(21)); // Initialize buzzer with software PWM connected to pin 21.
{
    buzzer.StartPlaying(440);
    Thread.Sleep(1000);
    buzzer.StartPlaying(880);
    Thread.Sleep(1000);
    buzzer.StopPlaying();
}

This example will play tone with frequency 440 for a second and then will play tone with a frequency 880 for a second.

Example of Alphabet song played using Buzzer

Schematic

You have 2 types of buzzers. Those with 2 pins only and those with 3 pins. For buzzer with 3 pins: simply connect signal pin of buzzer to commutation pin (any valid GPIO), vcc pin to +5v, gnd pin to ground. For buzzer with 2 pins: connect vcc pin of buzzer to commutation pin (any valid GPIO) and gnd to ground.

You could use any types of buzzers in any order. No changes to code are required.

Code

This sample contains a wrapper on a Buzzer called MelodyPlayer.

MelodyPlayer and MelodyElement

To create an instance of a MelodyPlayer use following line:

MelodyPlayer player = new MelodyPlayer(new  Buzzer(26));

Constructor takes a single parameter type of Buzzer.

After initialization MelodyPlayer allows playing melody represented by sequence of MelodyElement objects. MelodyElement is a base class for two types of elements:

• NoteElement - It will be played. So in a constructor it accepts Note and Octave to determine frequency of the sound and Duration to determine duration of the sound.
• PauseElement - It's supposed to make a pause between two NoteElements so it's only have duration of pause as constructor parameter.

How to use

Following example demonstrates how to create MelodyElement sequence and how to play it using MelodyPlayer:

IListMelodyElement sequence = new ListMelodyElement()
{
    new NoteElement(Note.C, Octave.Fourth, Duration.Quarter),
    new PauseElement(Duration.Quarter),
    new NoteElement(Note.C, Octave.Fourth, Duration.Quarter)
};

using (var player = new MelodyPlayer(new Buzzer(21)))
{
    player.Play(sequence, 100);
}

Play method MelodyPlayer accepts a sequence of MelodyElements as the first parameter and a tempo as the second. Tempo is an amount of quarter notes per minute. So the more tempo is the quicker melody will be played.

Also there is an overload of MelodyPlayer.Play with 3 parameters: MelodyElement sequence, tempo and transposition value. Transposition increases or decreases every tone of melody sequence by desired amount of semitones. For example: following line will decrease every tone of sequence by one octave since octave consists of 12 semitones.

player.Play(sequence, 100, -12);

Parallel buzzer playing

As far as MelodyPlayer.Play method is not asynchronous, calls of this method are wrapped by task like this:

var player1 = new MelodyPlayer(new Buzzer(21));
player1.Play(AlphabetSong, 100, -12);
player1.Play(AlphabetSong, 100);

This approach allows playing two melodies independently however example above plays a single melody in the same time using two different buzzers.

Alphabet song

Presented sample plays Alphabet song using two buzzers. The song is hardcoded in a Buzzer.Sample.cs file as a sequence of MelodyElements. Read more about Alphabet song on Wikipedia