Enable codecov, cppcheck, and cpplint on Noble CI for Ionic branches

[azeey]

We currently run all of these only on the Jammy CI for Ionic branches. Eg. https://github.com/gazebosim/gz-sim/blob/83b30c2bfe8031977b536ef38851642e243f9bc6/.github/workflows/ci.yml#L17-L52

Once linters are fixed for Noble, we can retire Jammy binaries for Ionic since Noble is the only officially supported platform

• gz-cmake (not needed)
• gz-common
• gz-fuel-tools
• gz-gui
• gz-launch
• gz-math
  • ci.yml: run cppcheck, cpplint on noble gazebosim/gz-math#655
  • codecov
• gz-msgs
  • ci.yml: run cppcheck, cpplint on noble gazebosim/gz-msgs#478
  • codecov
• gz-physics
  • ci.yml: run cppcheck, cpplint on noble gazebosim/gz-physics#710
  • codecov
• gz-plugin
• gz-rendering
• gz-sensors
• gz-sim
• gz-tools (not needed)
• gz-transport
• gz-utils
  • ci.yml: run cppcheck, cpplint on noble gazebosim/gz-utils#166
  • codecov
• sdformat
  • ci.yml: run cppcheck, cpplint on noble gazebosim/sdformat#1521
  • codecov