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glossary.ttl
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@prefix wsm: <https://w3id.org/culco/wordsmatter/> . # this glossary, see https://www.tropenmuseum.nl/sites/default/files/2021-04/words_matter.pdf.pdf for human readable version
@prefix culco: <https://w3id.org/culco#> . # KG schema W3C ID
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix skosxl: <http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#> .
@prefix aat: <http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/> .
@prefix wikidata: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/> .
@prefix pwnid: <http://wordnet-rdf.princeton.edu/id/> .
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/> .
# Contentious Issues
wsm:
a culco:ContentiousIssueScheme ;
dcterms:title "RDF representation of the Words Matter publication"@en ;
dcterms:description "A bilingual (English and Dutch) knowledge graph of contentious museum terminology based on the glossaries provided in the Words Matter publication by the Dutch National Museum of World Cultures. It contains 75 English and 83 Dutch contentious terms linked to explanations of their usage, suggestions from experts, including 89 alternative terms, and related entities from four LOD-datasets: Wikidata, Getty AAT, Princeton WordNet, and the NMVW-thesaurus"@en ;
dcterms:created "2022-12-13"^^xsd:date ;
foaf:depiction <https://github.com/cultural-ai/wordsmatter/blob/main/wm_kg_schema.png> ;
dcterms:hasFormat <https://www.tropenmuseum.nl/sites/default/files/2018-09/WordsMatter_DEF_Totale_PDF_NL_0.pdf>,
<https://www.tropenmuseum.nl/sites/default/files/2021-04/words_matter.pdf.pdf> ;
dcterms:isVersionOf <https://www.tropenmuseum.nl/en/about-tropenmuseum/words-matter-publication> ;
dcterms:creator <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9697-101X>,<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6865-0021>,<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-8203>,<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7748-4715> ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/> ;
dcterms:rightsHolder "Stichting Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen"@nl ;
dcterms:provenance <https://www.tropenmuseum.nl/en/about-tropenmuseum/words-matter-publication> ;
vann:namespacePrefix "wsm"@en ;
vann:namespaceURI <https://w3id.org/culco/wordsmatter/> ;
rdfs:seeAlso <https://www.tropenmuseum.nl/en/about-tropenmuseum/words-matter-publication> .
wsm:90
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Aboriginal"@en ;
dcterms:description "The term “Aboriginal” stems from the Latin words ab and origine, meaning “from the beginning”, and is a commonly used word, including in museum databases. “Aboriginal” describes the original inhabitants of a place and is primarily used to refer to Indigenous peoples in Australia and Canada (see also “Indigenous”). However, in Canada, there has been a recent preference for the use of Indigenous. The term does not adequately describe the complexity and diversity of Indigenous peoples. Many Indigenous peoples in both countries do not like to be referred to as “Aboriginal”, preferring to emphasize other markers of their identity such as language, land and clan relationships. In Canada the term came into general use in the 1980s, when a legal and overarching term was sought to collectively describe the existing—but controversial—categories “Indian,” “Inuit” and “Métis” (see also “Indian” and “Eskimo”)."@en ;
dcterms:references
wsm:116,
wsm:105 ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_01,
wsm:l_63,
wsm:l_116,
wsm:l_117 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:0_s ,
wsm:90_s_02,
wsm:90_s_03,
wsm:90_s_04 .
wsm:0_s
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Adopt the terminology used and accepted as respectful by the people themselves."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_01,
wsm:l_07,
wsm:l_27,
wsm:l_92,
wsm:l_114,
wsm:l_33,
wsm:l_63 .
wsm:90_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "In cases where it is not possible to avoid generalization, for example, should it be impossible to find out the specific group from which a person/object comes, then use “Aboriginal” as a compound noun, always with capital “A”: Aboriginal people(s), Aboriginal Australians."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_01 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_04,
wsm:l_04_p ;
culco:hasAltLabelExample wsm:l_04_01 .
wsm:90_s_03
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "In Canada, certain First Nations groups in Ontario prefer “Indigenous,” i.e. “Indigenous people(s).” “First Nation(s) people(s)” may also be acceptable."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_01 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_03,
wsm:l_02,
wsm:l_02_p,
wsm:l_02_p_01 ;
culco:hasAltLabelExample
wsm:l_05,
wsm:l_05_p .
wsm:90_s_04
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "In Australia, “Aboriginal” and “Torres Strait Islander peoples” is in most situations appropriate."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_01 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_01,
wsm:l_06 .
wsm:91
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Allochtoon"@en ;
dcterms:description "Allochtoon entered the Dutch language in the 20th century as a geological term. The term, which literally means “from another soil/location” (antonym autochtoon) was introduced as an identity category in the Netherlands in the 1970s to replace “immigrant,” which by that time had started to develop negative connotations. While the term itself was intended to be generic and to describe anyone born outside or with one parent born outside the Netherlands, it was split into the subcategories of Western and non-Western, thus creating a distinction between different categories of outsiders. The term has increasingly been used as a stand-in for people who appear to be visibly different, i.e. non-White people. “Allochtoon” has lost favor with some, including policy makers and the public alike, with some municipalities deciding no longer to use the term."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_07,
wsm:l_134 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:0_s,
wsm:91_s_02,
wsm:91_s_03,
wsm:91_s_04 .
wsm:91_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "There is an increasing tendency to use hyphenated identification, for example, Moroccan-Dutch, Surinamese-Dutch etc."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_07 ;
culco:hasAltLabelExample
wsm:l_08,
wsm:l_09 .
wsm:91_s_03
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "The phrase “person of ... background” is commonly used and acceptable for many."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_07 ;
culco:hasUsageExample "person of ... background"@en .
wsm:91_s_04
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Whatever of the three alternatives you choose, it should be used consistently. For example, if we choose to describe someone as a person of Surinamese background then we should also say a person of German or Japanese background."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_07 .
wsm:92
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Barbarian"@en ;
dcterms:description "The term “barbarian” originates in antiquity. In Ancient Greece, “barbarians” referred to people with an unfamiliar language and/or culture. Then the term “Barbarije” was used for North Africa, for example in 16th century cartography and travel accounts. Its inhabitants were described as “barbarians”. These words became negatively associated with piracy and the slave trade and the word “barbarian” increasingly gained the meaning of uncivilized. Nowadays the word is often used to express the idea that someone or something does not meet generally accepted standards, norms and values, usually those associated with the higher social classes."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_10 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:92_s_01.
wsm:92_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "There is no suitable alternative for this term, except when used in a descriptive or historical context, in which case we suggest the use of quotation marks. For example: The “barbarians” were a group of people with whom the Greeks came into contact in antiquity."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_10 ;
culco:hasUsageExample "The “barbarians” were a group of people with whom the Greeks came into contact in antiquity."@en .
wsm:93
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Berber"@en ;
dcterms:description "“Berber” refers to various groups of people living across several countries in Northern Africa. The term dates back to antiquity and appears in Arabic manuscripts by 900 AD. Many people, however, believe it to be a European invention related to the term “barbarian” (see previous entry). While the term is still used by many people who self-identify as Berber, it is rapidly falling out of favor and more and more people now refer to themselves as “Amazigh.”"@en ;
dcterms:references
wsm:92 ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_11 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:93_s_01 .
wsm:93_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Amazigh (singular) and Imazighen (plural)"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_11 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_12,
wsm:l_13 .
wsm:94
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Black"@en ;
dcterms:description "As an identity category, “Black” has different meanings in different contexts but in general it refers to people of African descent. The term has come to replace the earlier racial category of Negro (see also “Negro”) now regarded as derogatory by many. Within the Netherlands “Black” is used most often to describe people of African or Afro-Caribbean origin. In Britain the term is used similarly; however it has also been used as a socio-political identity category to unite diverse non-White groups of people, regardless of their ethnic or geographical origins, who had suffered racism. This usage is less common in the Netherlands. In the US, the term primarily describes African Americans; “people of color” is also used as a political identity category that includes all non-White people. Rooted primarily in the North American Civil Rights and Black Power Movements, and other global anti-racism struggles, “Black” has become an identity category of pride for many people of African descent, challenging earlier stereotypes associated with Black people."@en ;
dcterms:references
wsm:129 ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_14,
wsm:l_85 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:94_s_01,
wsm:4_s .
wsm:94_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_14 ;
rdf:value "The term is appropriate when used in the contexts as described above."@en .
wsm:95
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Blank"@nl ;
dcterms:description "In the Netherlands, the term “blank” is a synonym for 'White' (see also “White”). As an identity category, the term shares its genealogy with other terms such as Black (from the Latin) and associated with the racial sciences of the 18th and 19th century. The Van Dale dictionary, defines the term as “unblemished” and non-colored. (See “White”, “Black” and “Person of Color”). The association of such ‘neutral’ and even ‘positive’ connotations of the word has generated critique from anti-racist/racial equality activists in the Netherlands, demanding that the word be replaced with the term “White” as a racial and political identity."@en ;
dcterms:references
wsm:144;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_161,
wsm:l_16,
wsm:l_14 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:95_s_01,
wsm:95_s_02 .
wsm:95_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "White"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_161 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_16 .
wsm:95_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_161 ;
rdf:value "The term White is increasingly used, especially by activists and academics."@en ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_16 .
wsm:96
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Bombay"@en ;
dcterms:description "Bombay is the colonial toponym—the name given to a geographic place under colonial rule—for the Indian city of Mumbai. The term was first used in the 16th century. The renaming of places is a common occurrence, both historically and in the present, often resulting from different political shifts over time. This was an important ideological practice, both during the colonial period and during decolonization. This practice continues today. On claiming territory, colonizers named cities and towns after important people or after their own places. Renaming—either restoring earlier names or creating new names— was an important practice for newly formed nations in the decolonization process. The use of names that were assigned under colonization can be painful for some, as a legacy of colonialism. The city of Mumbai continued to be called Bombay until long after independence but was officially changed in 1995. Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Chennai (Madras) are similar colonial toponyms that were Anglicized during the colonial period. Other contested colonial toponyms include: Jakarta (formerly Batavia), Myanmar (formerly Burma) and Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia)."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_17,
wsm:l_19,
wsm:l_20,
wsm:l_21,
wsm:l_22,
wsm:l_23 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:96_s_01 .
wsm:96_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Mumbai"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_17 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_18 .
wsm:97
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Bush Negro"@en ;
dcterms:description "In Dutch, this term originates from the two terms “bosch,” meaning “wild land” and “neger” (see also “Negro”). It was a pejorative term for Africans (and their descendants) who escaped from slavery in Suriname and the Guyanas and settled in inaccessible, interior/mountainous regions, from which they fought against colonization. Some people in Suriname and the Netherlands still use the term interchangeably with “Maroon” and “Boslandcreool” While the term “Maroon” is itself contested, there is broader popular and academic agreement about its appropriateness. (see also “Maroon”)."@en ;
dcterms:references
wsm:129,
wsm:122 ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_24,
wsm:l_85,
wsm:l_25,
wsm:l_173 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:97_s_01,
wsm:97_s_02 .
wsm:97_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Maroon"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_24 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_25 .
wsm:97_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Should it be necessary to used this term, for example, in a descriptive or historical context then we suggest the use of quotation marks. For example: The term “Bush Negro” originates from..."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_24 ;
culco:hasUsageExample "The term “Bush Negro” originates from..."@en .
wsm:98
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Caucasian"@en ;
dcterms:description "The term “Caucasian” originally referred to the people of the Caucasus. In the 19th century, the term was taken up as a racial designation for White Europeans, informed by the anthropological work of J.F. Blumenbach (1752-1840). In the 20th century “Caucasian” was used within the Nazi ideology of racial hierarchies. Within the Netherlands, the term mainly appears in museum databases, and is not often used in common language. In other places— such as the US –the term is more commonly used in daily language. There is growing criticism of the term, however, because of its racialized origins."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_26 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:98_s_01,
wsm:98_s_02,
wsm:98_s_03 .
wsm:98_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "When referring to people from the Caucasus region, “Caucasian” is correct."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_26 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_26 .
wsm:98_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "When used within the context of the history of racial categories we suggest the use of quotation marks."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_26 .
wsm:98_s_03
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "White (see also White in this table)"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_26 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_16 .
wsm:99
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Colored"@en ;
dcterms:description "“Colored” is a controversial term normally used to describe a person or a group of people with mixed White European and non-White, for example, someone of African or Asian, ancestry. In some cases the term is also used to describe a Black person. The term has different histories of use and meanings within different parts of the world, but is generally regarded as derogatory today. Within South Africa, for example, the term describes someone of mixed ancestry, including Khoisan, Malay, and White. Within the USA the term was used historically to refer primarily to a Black person or the Black community, and is more restrictive than the similar term “person(s)/people of color”. In the Netherlands, the term is used similarly to describe a Black person, or someone of mixed ancestry, with several interrelated Dutch language terms for these identity categories such as: colored (gekleurd), having a bit of color (met een kleurtje) or with a darker skin colour (met een donkerdere huidskleur). The use of these terms harkens back to a racialised idea of whiteness as the norm. These different Dutch terms are all increasingly regarded as inappropriate and derogatory. There is growing acceptance by many for the use of the American identity category “person(s) of color” or “people of color”, abbreviated POC. There is also the more recently emerging group category to more broadly describe non-White people, which is “Black and Non-Black People of Color”. While the terms “Black”, and “person(s) of color” remain generally acceptable terms for many, using the terms that the persons themselves find respectful and acceptable is advised."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_27,
wsm:l_161,
wsm:l_16 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:99_s_01,
wsm:0_s,
wsm:3_s,
wsm:99_s_04 .
wsm:99_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Person(s) of Color or People of Color"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_27 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_28,
wsm:l_28_p,
wsm:l_29 .
wsm:99_s_04
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Black and Non-Black person(s) of color can be used, but with caution."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_27 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_30,
wsm:l_30_p,
wsm:l_31 .
wsm:100
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Coolie"@en ;
dcterms:description "The term “Coolie” is thought to be derived from the Hindi word “quli,” meaning “day worker.” In Dutch it specifically refers to untrained contract/indentured laborers from Asia, who in the 1850s worked in the Dutch colonies of the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) and later in the West Indies (Suriname). The term has also been used to describe contract laborers, especially from India, working in the British colonized regions of the Caribbean. There has been broad agreement among scholars, activists and diverse communities of interest from the mid-20th century onwards that the term is offensive. It is still used as a term of abuse for people of Asian descent."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_32 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:100_s_01 .
wsm:100_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "This term is derogatory, but can be used in a descriptive or historical context, in which case we suggest the use of quotation marks. For example: “Coolies” is a term that was used to describe people who labored in European colonized regions, for example on plantations."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_32 ;
culco:hasUsageExample "“Coolies” is a term that was used to describe people who labored in European colonized regions, for example on plantations."@en .
wsm:101
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Descent"@en ;
dcterms:description "The term refers to the group or place where someone comes from or was born. It is not a controversial term in itself. However, because the term is often used to ask someone where they are from based on a presumption of him or her being non-Dutch because of their appearance, it can be experienced as offensive (See article Zeefuik and Modest; also words such as “Roots” and “Allochtoon”."@en ;
dcterms:references
wsm:136,
wsm:91 ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_33;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:0_s,
wsm:91_s_02,
wsm:91_s_03,
wsm:91_s_04 .
wsm:102
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Disabled"@en ;
dcterms:description "Disabled, like the word “handicap”, is an umbrella term to describe varying forms of intellectual to physical impairments. In recent years, “disability” has replaced “handicap” in much of Western Europe and the United States. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the term “handicap” was used to describe a person’s “deficit” or inability to function “normally.” Beginning in the 1970s this concept of “deficit” and related words like “handicapped” became increasingly contested. Activists argued that a disability was not an individual problem to solve, but a social construct that made living with an impairment into a problem. People no longer wanted to be called “the disabled,” but rather “disabled people” (UK) or “people with disabilities” or “differently abled” (US)."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_34 ,
wsm:l_119 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:102_s_01,
wsm:102_s_02,
wsm:102_s_03 .
wsm:102_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Disabled people"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_34 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_35 .
wsm:102_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "People with disabilities"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_34 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_36 .
wsm:102_s_03
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Differently abled"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_34 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_37 .
wsm:103
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Discover"@en ;
dcterms:description "“Discover” can be used in a neutral manner, for example when used in the context of to find out something, or to uncover how something works. However, when used to suggest that a place did not exist, was not known by Europeans or was not inhabited prior to European encounter it is far from neutral. For example: “painted almost 40 years after the discovery of ‘America’ by Columbus in 1492, this work of art was one of the earliest attempts by an artist to give an impression of the new continent.” Such a text essentially omits the fact that the continent was populated with thriving societies, and thus is pejorative, as it implies neither art nor people existed prior to Columbus’s “discovery.”"@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_38 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:103_s_01 .
wsm:103_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Phrases like “was the first European to reach...” would be more appropriate."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_38 ;
culco:hasUsageExample "“was the first European to reach...”"@en .
wsm:104
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Dwarf"@en ;
dcterms:description "Dwarfism (Achondroplasie or dwerggroei in Dutch) is a medical or genetic condition for people of short stature. When used outside of a medical context the term is considered offensive. The term dwarf entered the Dutch language in the 14th century, when it had the connotation of monstrous. Satirical portrayals of people of short stature can often be found in (the history of) European art, literature, and film. In 19th- and early 20th-century colonial exhibitions, freak shows, and circuses, dwarfism was seen as a form of being abnormally “other” in very similar ways to the representation of formerly colonized and racialized people. Similar demeaning or insulting terms are “lilliputian” and “pygmy”."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_39 ,
wsm:l_120,
wsm:l_92 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:104_s_01,
wsm:104_s_02 .
wsm:104_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "“Dwarf”; applicable only in a medical diagnosis or in a descriptive context. Otherwise, use “a person of short stature,” “little person” or ‘someone with dwarfism.”"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_39 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_40,
wsm:l_41,
wsm:l_42 .
wsm:104_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "“Dwarf” and “pygmy” can be used in a historical or descriptive context. In this case, use quotation marks."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_39,
wsm:l_92 .
wsm:105
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Eskimo"@en ;
dcterms:description "The term “Eskimo” (Esquimaux) refers to the diverse Indigenous peoples of Arctic and sub-Arctic North America, Greenland and Northeastern Siberia. The term has never been commonly used by community members to describe themselves in their own language, as they would use their own indigenous terms. There is no general acceptance on the linguistic origins of the term. Some regard the term as a French or English version of an indigenous term. Today there is better acceptance of the term in Alaska than in Canada or Greenland, where other terms are preferred and Eskimo is seen to have a pejorative meaning. The term has now largely passed out of official use. Deciding on another broad term that describes all groups who live in the circumpolar north is not straightforward, although Eskimo-Aleut is used to describe the linguistic group."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_43 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:105_s_01 .
wsm:105_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Adopt the terminology used and accepted as respectful by the people themselves. Examples include: the Iñupiat peoples of northern Alaska; the Inuit peoples of Canada; the Kalaallit of Greenland; the Yup’ik: i.e. the Central Alaskan people of the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta, the Kuskokwim River, and coastal Bristol Bay in Alaska; the Alutiiq (or Suqpiaq) people of the Alaska Peninsula and coastal and island areas of southcentral Alaska; Yupighyt: the Inuit of Siberia"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_43 ;
culco:hasAltLabelExample
wsm:l_135,
wsm:l_136,
wsm:l_137,
wsm:l_138,
wsm:l_139,
wsm:l_140,
wsm:l_141 .
wsm:106
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Ethnicity"@en ;
dcterms:description "“Ethnicity” refers to the shared social, cultural or historical experiences and practices of a group of people, for example, language, religion or dress, and usually a national or regional background. “Ethnic group” describes the people having these shared features. While it may seem a neutral category it often is used to describe something or someone different from the norm or foreign, for example in “ethnic food” or “ethnic music.” When used to describe people, the term is normally associated with minority groups, although everyone has an ethnic identity. “Ethnicity” is sometimes confused with race and is incorrectly used by many as an alternative term, sidestepping the reference in race to biological differences."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_44 ,
wsm:l_95,
wsm:l_45 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:106_s_01 .
wsm:106_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "“Ethnicity” and “ethnic groups” should be used with caution. The term should not be confused with race."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_44,
wsm:l_45 .
wsm:107
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Exotic"@en ;
dcterms:description "This term is derived from the Ancient Greek word “exōtikós,” literally meaning “from the outside.” It entered the Dutch language with the meaning of foreign/alien, which it still has today. The term has become intertwined with ideas about the (racialized and sexualized) Other. The term “exotic” is commonly used to describe plants and animals, but is also used for people (usually people of color), where it has a connotation of being different from the norm, especially in reference to appearance and name (for example “what an exotic name!”). Sometimes it has a sensual connotation."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_46 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:107_s_01 .
wsm:107_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Applicable when referring to plant and animal species. It is, however, contested to use the term to describe people."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_46 .
wsm:108
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Gay"@en ;
dcterms:description "“Gay” is a commonly used term to refer to non-heterosexual sexualities, especially men. “Gay” is preferable to the more medical and legal term of “homosexual” (see also “Homosexual”). While “gay” is adopted by some people as a form of self-identification, the term is in some day-to-day contexts used in a derogatory way. Additionally, “homo” is used as a curse word."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_47 ,
wsm:l_59,
wsm:l_121 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:108_s_01,
wsm:1_s .
wsm:108_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "The term is appropriate when used respectfully"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_47 .
wsm:1_s
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Use terms and pronouns that people find acceptable and respectful for describing themselves."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_47 ,
wsm:l_111 .
wsm:109
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Gypsy"@en ;
dcterms:description "The term “gypsy” is generally used to refer to a member of a travelling or itinerant people, specifically Roma people. The Roma people are divided into different groups. Associated with itinerancy, due to their history of (forced) migration, negative stereotypes of Roma as thieves and vagabonds continue to exist today. For the Roma people the term “gypsy” is derogatory. Consequently they collectively and officially adopted the term “Roma” in the 1970s."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_48 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:109_s_01 ,
wsm:109_s_02 .
wsm:109_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "In general, “Roma” can be used."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_48 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_49 .
wsm:109_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Groups and subgroups, however, have their own preferred names (e.g., Sinti) so it is advised to use these when known."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_48 ;
culco:hasAltLabelExample
wsm:l_129 .
wsm:110
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Half-blood"@en ;
dcterms:description "This term, like “full blood” and “half-breed,” emerged in association with 18th- and 19th-century ideas of racial difference. In this period, racial sciences, based on the idea of biologically different races, were at their peak (see also “Race”). Blood, it was thought then, was also regarded as carrying hierarchical traits, with some blood being superior to others. The term is usually applied to someone of mixed White European and Non-White descent. This term is similar to other terms (in this list) such as “mulatto” and “mestizo”."@en ;
dcterms:references
wsm:135 ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_50,
wsm:l_51,
wsm:l_52,
wsm:l_83,
wsm:l_54 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:110_s_01,
wsm:110_s_02 .
wsm:110_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "In the US and UK contexts, “mixed race” is used in place of this term. This is, however, not common in the Netherlands."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_50 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_55 .
wsm:110_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Identity markers such as “mixed heritage” and “mixed ethnicity” or “of mixed descent” are more appropriate."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_50 ;
culco:hasAltLabelExample
wsm:alt_01,
wsm:alt_02,
wsm:alt_03 .
wsm:111
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Headhunter"@en ;
dcterms:description "The term “headhunter” has two distinct meanings. The term has come to describe a professional recruiter who finds candidates for specific jobs. In this context it is not regarded as sensitive. Historically the term has been used to describe someone who participated in the ritual practice of taking trophy heads, for example during times of war. This practice was done in many places and by many peoples across the world including Europeans. In the Netherlands, the term was first used in the 19th century. Headhunting has long been represented in popular books and films, often to give the impression of primitive, wild, cruel and bloodthirsty tribal peoples of the jungle. This portrayal misrepresents the significant ritual role it had for the proper functioning of those societies that practiced it. The use of such terms and ideas reinforces the idea that certain peoples are essentially unchanging and “primitive” (see also “Primitive” and textbox Kunst)."@en ;
dcterms:references
wsm:132 ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_56 ,
wsm:l_90 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:111_s_01,
wsm:3_s,
wsm:111_s_03 .
wsm:111_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "In the first context the term is acceptable."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_56 .
wsm:111_s_03
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "When describing diverse ritual practices it is better to avoid using the term. Choose rather to explain the specific practices, using their Indigenous names, and ritual importance/value."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_56 .
wsm:112
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Hermaphrodite"@en ;
dcterms:description "“Hermaphrodite” is regarded as outdated and stigmatizing term that pathologizes people born with sexual organs from both sexes (see article Steinbock)."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_57 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:112_s_01 .
wsm:112_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "The umbrella term “intersex,” for example “intersex condition” or “intersex person” is preferred."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_57 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_58 ;
culco:hasAltLabelExample
wsm:alt_04,
wsm:alt_05 .
wsm:113
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Homosexual"@en ;
dcterms:description "“Homosexual” is a medical and legal term to refer to non-heterosexual sexualities. The term as such was invented in the mid-19th century as an abnormal identity category to distinguish a person who engaged in sexual acts with another of the same sex. Homosexuality has been and continues to be considered sinful, a mental illness or even criminal in several places across the world. The term, and its abbreviated form homo is sometimes used as derogatory or curse word."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_59,
wsm:l_121 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:113_s_01,
wsm:113_s_02 .
wsm:113_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "To avoid stigmatization of non-heterosexual identities and to do justice to the plurality of sexual diversity, using community-derived descriptors like “lesbian,” “gay” and “bisexual” is preferred."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_59,
wsm:l_121 ;
culco:hasAltLabelExample
wsm:l_130,
wsm:l_131,
wsm:l_132 .
wsm:113_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Choose culturally specific names such as Two-Spirit (see Steinbock, this publication)."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_59 ;
culco:hasAltLabelExample
wsm:l_133 .
wsm:114
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Hottentot"@en ;
dcterms:description "This term refers to the Khoikhoi people, who live in the western part of South Africa. It is a Dutch colonial term, first used in the 17th century, and was based on an imitation of the sound of the Khoikhoi language. The term “Hottentot” connoted culturally backward or primitive, stereotypes that were created in the early colonial period. In the 19th century, Khoikhoi people were violently exploited. They were also put on display, as an example of a primitive type, initially as entertainment but later as part of scientific colonial knowledge. One well-known example was the so-called Hottentot Venus, Sarah Baartman, who was displayed in Europe from 1810–1815. Her remains were displayed in a French museum until 1974. Baartmans remains were returned to South Africa in 2002."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_60 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:114_s_01 .
wsm:114_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Khoisan (people)"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_60 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_61 .
wsm:115
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Inboorling"@nl ;
dcterms:description "“Inboorling” was used in the Netherlands from the 13th century onwards, and shares a basic meaning—someone born in the land—with the term “native.” It is, however, a more exaggerated form of native, having the connotations of primitive and wild. In the early 19th century, it was used by some to describe all Indonesians, but it later was ascribed only to so-called tribal peoples in the Dutch colonies. In the Colonial Exhibition of 1883 in Amsterdam, the term “inboorlingen,” for example, was used to describe peoples both from Indonesia and Suriname. In Surinam itself it was never used to describe the Indigenous peoples. Today the term is mostly associated with people who are considered to be primitive."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_226 ,
wsm:l_84 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:2_s,
wsm:3_s .
wsm:116
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Indian"@en ;
dcterms:description "In the 16th century, Christopher Columbus, on encountering the Americas, called the inhabitants “Indians,” as he was under the impression that he had arrived in India. The misnomer “Indian” was soon used as a term to describe Indigenous peoples of North America. There is no consensus for the use of the term. While in the US “American Indian” is a term with a divisive history, it is nevertheless used as a form of self-identification by individuals and communities and remains a key term for the US and Canadian Federal Governments. In the Spanish-speaking countries of Central and South America “índio” is widely seen as problematic and is irregularly or not used by Indigenous people themselves. This is different in Brazil, where “índio” is less contested."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_63 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:0_s,
wsm:116_s_01 .
wsm:116_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "In this entry Indian does not refer to Indian as used to describe people from India/South Asia. In this context Indian is correct."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_63 .
wsm:117
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Indigenous"@en ;
dcterms:description "In recent decades the term “Indigenous,” which was originally used to describe flora and fauna, has increasingly become a legal category describing various peoples colonized by Europe. The term itself describes a specific group of people who identify with a place as an original homeland and have developed longstanding traditions in that place. Under diverse colonial projects these peoples were dispossessed of their lands, which led often to (cultural) genocide. The term ‘Indigenous’ is one of empowerment, due in part to the UN Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007). “Indigenous” encompasses those peoples traditionally referred to as “Aboriginals”, “First Nations” and “Indians” among others."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_64 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:117_s_01,
wsm:117_s_02 .
wsm:117_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "The term is appropriate when referring to plant and animal species."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_64 .
wsm:117_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "When talking about specific peoples it is preferable to use the name they call themselves, rather than the generic ‘Indigenous’."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_64 .
wsm:118
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Indisch"@nl ;
dcterms:description "The term “Indisch” has changed meaning over time. While the term is not always sensitive, there is often confusion about its use. In the 19th century it referred to anything Indonesian, such as Indische houses, Indische dances and Indische population. In the 20th century it started to refer to Indo-European people and cultures (see also “Indo”) and sometimes to a European who lived for a long time in Indonesia. At the end of the last century, however, this meaning was considered too ethnic and rejected by some people. Today the word “Indisch” refers to anything coming from the colonial period in the former Dutch East Indies. Indisch is often confused with Indonesian (food, ethnicity and culture) because of the 19th-century use."@en ;
dcterms:references
wsm:119 ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_229 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:118_s_01 .
wsm:118_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "The term can be used, but should not be confused with “Indonesian”."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_229 .
wsm:119
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Indo"@en ;
dcterms:description "“Indo” is an abbreviation for Indo-European. The term emerged during the colonial period to describe people of Indonesian and European descent (not restricted to the Netherlands). Arguably, the first known example of its use in the Netherlands dates to 1898. The term rapidly lost favor due to its ethnic and colonial connotations, but has recently been adopted as a term of pride and empowerment by people identifying as being of Indo-European heritage living in the Netherlands."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_66 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:119_s_01 .
wsm:119_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "“Indo-European” is the appropriate term, and should not be confused with Indonesian."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_66 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_67 .
wsm:120
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Jappenkampen"@nl ;
dcterms:description "This term generally refers to the Japanese camps in Asia during WW II and to the camps in the Japanese-occupied Dutch East Indies in particular. The word “Jap” is a pejorative abbreviated form of “Japanese.” The term Jappenkamp is also contested by some victims and their descendants, who feel that the term focuses more on the Japanese perpetrators rather than on the cruelties that happened in the camps. For this reason “Japanese concentration camps” has been suggested as a possible alternative."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_236 ,
wsm:l_237,
wsm:l_238 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:120_s_01 .
wsm:120_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Multiple alternatives exist, including: Japanese camp; Japanese internment camp; Japanese concentration camp; Japanese prisoners of war camp; Japanese military prison camp (in Burma and Thailand)"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_236,
wsm:l_238 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_69,
wsm:l_70,
wsm:l_71,
wsm:l_72,
wsm:l_73 .
wsm:121
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Kaffir"@en ;
dcterms:description "The term Kaffir derives from the Arabic term “kafir,” meaning one without religion. In South Africa, it was originally used in the 16th century to describe Black non-Muslim people and later to identify Bantu-speaking people, especially in the wars of conquest of the Eastern Cape. In Afrikaans as in English, it soon became a label for Black people of African descent in general. The term gained its derogatory connotation during the apartheid era and is now understood as hate speech. The exception is a group of Sri Lankan peoples with shared ancestry from Portuguese traders (or more broadly European) and enslaved Bantu peoples who refer to themselves as Kaffir."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_74 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:3_s,
wsm:121_s_02 .
wsm:121_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "It is appropriate when used to refer to the Sri Lankan Kaffirs, as it is a term with which the group self-identifies."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_74 .
wsm:122
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Maroon"@en ;
dcterms:description "The term “Maroon” is used to refer to Africans (and their descendants) who escaped from slavery in the Americas, and settled in the inaccessible, interior/mountainous regions. The term itself derives from the 16th-century Spanish word “cimarrón,” meaning runaway cattle and is, thus, regarded by some as derogatory. Simultaneously, however, the term is used as one of empowerment as the Maroons have been celebrated as a symbol for the continuous resistance to colonialism. These differing views add some complexity to the use of the term. While in Suriname the term is accepted by some and not by others, in Jamaica, for example, there is more unanimity about the positive use of the term."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_25 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:122_s_01,
wsm:122_s_02 .
wsm:122_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Generally acceptable to use the term."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_25 .
wsm:122_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "In the context of Suriname, however, it is better to use the specific names for each Maroon group: such as Saamaka, Matawai, Aluku, Kwinti, Paamaka."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_25 ;
culco:hasAltLabelExample
wsm:l_124,
wsm:l_125,
wsm:l_126,
wsm:l_127,
wsm:l_128 .
wsm:123
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Medicine Man"@en ;
dcterms:description "The term “Medicine Man” is used to describe traditional or spiritual healers among some indigenous peoples in different parts of the world. Skilled in the healing powers of natural/herbal remedies, these persons are highly respected members of their communities. Traditional healers are consulted to heal both physical and mental illnesses of individuals and the social, cultural or environmental issues within a community. The figure of the medicine man has been represented in numerous films, novels and other popular media often in sensational and eroticizing terms. Such representations have denied the complexity of the knowledge associated with healing, as well as the important role traditional healers played in many societies. Within the last few decades the term has been regarded by many as pejorative."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_76 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:123_s_01,
wsm:123_s_02 .
wsm:123_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Traditional or spiritual healer"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_76 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_77,
wsm:l_78 .
wsm:123_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Where known use the term that the group to which the traditional healer belongs regard as acceptable and respectful."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_76 .
wsm:124
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Mohammedan"@en ;
dcterms:description "Mohammedan was a commonly used term in the past. Originally, it referenced to someone who worships of the Prophet Muhammad. Many Muslims, for this reason, object to its use because Islam teaches the worship of God alone. The terms “Muslim” and “Islamic” are more common today. This term can most commonly be found in museum databases and not in daily language."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_79 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:124_s_01 .
wsm:124_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "Muslim"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_79 ;
culco:hasSuggestedLabel
wsm:l_80 .
wsm:125
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Mongoloid"@en ;
dcterms:description "“Mongoloid” is an outdated and offensive term used to describe both a so-called racial type and a person with the genetic condition Down Syndrome. As racial type, the terms emerged from 18th and 19th century studies of racial difference. The Mongoloid or Mongolian race was the umbrella term used to describe diverse indigenous peoples from East Asia, South East Asia, and the Artic region of North America. Like the other two presumed large racial groups, Caucasoid (Caucasian) and Negroid (Negro), this term is outdated and in general regarded as derogatory. The term is also used to describe people with the genetic condition Down Syndrome, due to the presumed similarity in facial features to the so-called Mongolian race. In modern day usage the term is used as a curse word to describe someone regarded as retarded."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_81,
wsm:l_26,
wsm:l_85,
wsm:l_68 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:125_s_01,
wsm:125_s_02,
wsm:125_s_03 .
wsm:125_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "In relation to the first definition, use specific national or cultural terms when describing persons."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_81 .
wsm:125_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "In relation to the second definition, the term is derogatory. Use “someone with Down Syndrome.”"@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_81 ;
culco:hasAltLabelExample
wsm:alt_06 .
wsm:125_s_03
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "The use of “mongoloid” or “retarded” to describe someone with a disability is offensive."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_81,
wsm:l_68 .
wsm:126
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Moor"@en ;
dcterms:description "This is a controversial term. Its meaning has changed over time. While the term has been used to describe different groups of people it is commonly understood to describe Muslim people of Arab and Amazigh descent from North Africa and Southern Europe. At the same time, the term is said to be derived from a Greek term meaning “black, blackened or charred” and has been used in Europe since antiquity to describe Black people from Africa. In the Netherlands, as elsewhere, the term is used as a derogatory term for Muslims from North Africa or for a Black person."@en ;
culco:hasContentiousLabel
wsm:l_82 ;
culco:hasSuggestion
wsm:126_s_01,
wsm:126_s_02 ,
wsm:3_s .
wsm:126_s_01
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "This term is derogatory and is therefore not recommended for use in contemporary context."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_82 .
wsm:126_s_02
a culco:Suggestion ;
rdf:value "There is no acceptable alternative for this term."@en ;
culco:suggestedFor
wsm:l_82 .
wsm:127
a culco:ContentiousIssue ;
skos:inScheme wsm: ;
dcterms:title "Mulatto"@en ;