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day2-unices.qmd
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day2-unices.qmd
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---
title: "Unices"
---
## Introduction to UNIX and its siblings
UNIX
: Originally developed at AT&T Bell Labs circa 1970. Has
experienced a [long, multi-branched
evolutionary path](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Unix_history-simple.svg)
POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface)
: a set of specifications of what an OS needs to qualify as "a Unix", to enhance interoperability among all the "Unix" variants
#### Various Unices
* OS X
: [is a Unix](http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/1489/is-mac-os-x-unix)!
* Linux
: is _not_ fully POSIX-compliant, but certainly can be
regarded as [functionally Unix](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like)
### Some Unix hallmarks
* Supports multi-users, multi-processes
* Highly modular: many small tools that do one thing well, and can be combined
* Culture of text files and streams
* Primary OS on HPC (**High Performance Computing** Systems)
* Main OS on which Internet was built
### Files/directories organization in *NIX
### Permissions
All files have permissions and ownership.
