- Estimation theory
- Unbiased estimators
- Fisher information matrix
- Cramér-Rao lower bound
- Maximum likelihood estimators
- Principle component analysis (PCA) & Kernel PCA
- Independent component analysis (ICA)
- Factor analysis (FA)
- Expectation maximization (EM)
- Scaling & projection methods: SNE, t-SNE, MDS, LLE, Isomap