diff --git a/includes/Checker/Checks/Plugin_Repo/Setting_Sanitization_Check.php b/includes/Checker/Checks/Plugin_Repo/Setting_Sanitization_Check.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68f331627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/includes/Checker/Checks/Plugin_Repo/Setting_Sanitization_Check.php
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Class Setting_Sanitization_Check.
+ *
+ * @package plugin-check
+ */
+
+namespace WordPress\Plugin_Check\Checker\Checks\Plugin_Repo;
+
+use WordPress\Plugin_Check\Checker\Check_Categories;
+use WordPress\Plugin_Check\Checker\Check_Result;
+use WordPress\Plugin_Check\Checker\Checks\Abstract_PHP_CodeSniffer_Check;
+use WordPress\Plugin_Check\Traits\Amend_Check_Result;
+use WordPress\Plugin_Check\Traits\Stable_Check;
+
+/**
+ * Check to detect sanitization in register_setting().
+ *
+ * @since 1.4.0
+ */
+class Setting_Sanitization_Check extends Abstract_PHP_CodeSniffer_Check {
+
+	use Amend_Check_Result;
+	use Stable_Check;
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the categories for the check.
+	 *
+	 * Every check must have at least one category.
+	 *
+	 * @since 1.4.0
+	 *
+	 * @return array The categories for the check.
+	 */
+	public function get_categories() {
+		return array( Check_Categories::CATEGORY_PLUGIN_REPO );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns an associative array of arguments to pass to PHPCS.
+	 *
+	 * @since 1.4.0
+	 *
+	 * @param Check_Result $result The check result to amend, including the plugin context to check.
+	 * @return array An associative array of PHPCS CLI arguments.
+	 */
+	protected function get_args( Check_Result $result ) {
+		return array(
+			'extensions' => 'php',
+			'standard'   => 'PluginCheck',
+			'sniffs'     => 'PluginCheck.CodeAnalysis.SettingSanitization',
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the description for the check.
+	 *
+	 * Every check must have a short description explaining what the check does.
+	 *
+	 * @since 1.4.0
+	 *
+	 * @return string Description.
+	 */
+	public function get_description(): string {
+		return __( 'Ensures sanitization in register_setting().', 'plugin-check' );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the documentation URL for the check.
+	 *
+	 * Every check must have a URL with further information about the check.
+	 *
+	 * @since 1.4.0
+	 *
+	 * @return string The documentation URL.
+	 */
+	public function get_documentation_url(): string {
+		return __( 'https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/register_setting/', 'plugin-check' );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Amends the given result with a message for the specified file, including error information.
+	 *
+	 * @since 1.4.0
+	 *
+	 * @param Check_Result $result   The check result to amend, including the plugin context to check.
+	 * @param bool         $error    Whether it is an error or notice.
+	 * @param string       $message  Error message.
+	 * @param string       $code     Error code.
+	 * @param string       $file     Absolute path to the file where the issue was found.
+	 * @param int          $line     The line on which the message occurred. Default is 0 (unknown line).
+	 * @param int          $column   The column on which the message occurred. Default is 0 (unknown column).
+	 * @param string       $docs     URL for further information about the message.
+	 * @param int          $severity Severity level. Default is 5.
+	 */
+	protected function add_result_message_for_file( Check_Result $result, $error, $message, $code, $file, $line = 0, $column = 0, string $docs = '', $severity = 5 ) {
+		// Update severity.
+		switch ( $code ) {
+			case 'PluginCheck.CodeAnalysis.SettingSanitization.register_settingMissing':
+			case 'PluginCheck.CodeAnalysis.SettingSanitization.register_settingInvalid':
+				$severity = 7;
+				break;
+
+			default:
+				break;
+		}
+
+		// Add docs link.
+		$docs = __( 'https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/register_setting/', 'plugin-check' );
+
+		parent::add_result_message_for_file( $result, $error, $message, $code, $file, $line, $column, $docs, $severity );
+	}
+}
diff --git a/includes/Checker/Default_Check_Repository.php b/includes/Checker/Default_Check_Repository.php
index 247140677..71319d746 100644
--- a/includes/Checker/Default_Check_Repository.php
+++ b/includes/Checker/Default_Check_Repository.php
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ private function register_default_checks() {
 				'non_blocking_scripts'       => new Checks\Performance\Non_Blocking_Scripts_Check(),
 				'offloading_files'           => new Checks\Plugin_Repo\Offloading_Files_Check(),
 				'image_functions'            => new Checks\Performance\Image_Functions_Check(),
+				'setting_sanitization'       => new Checks\Plugin_Repo\Setting_Sanitization_Check(),
 			)
 		);
 
diff --git a/phpcs-sniffs/PluginCheck/Sniffs/CodeAnalysis/SettingSanitizationSniff.php b/phpcs-sniffs/PluginCheck/Sniffs/CodeAnalysis/SettingSanitizationSniff.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5286203b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phpcs-sniffs/PluginCheck/Sniffs/CodeAnalysis/SettingSanitizationSniff.php
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * SettingSanitizationSniff
+ *
+ * Based on code from {@link https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress-Coding-Standards}
+ * which is licensed under {@link https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT}.
+ *
+ * @package PluginCheck
+ */
+
+namespace PluginCheckCS\PluginCheck\Sniffs\CodeAnalysis;
+
+use PHP_CodeSniffer\Util\Tokens;
+use PHPCSUtils\Utils\MessageHelper;
+use PHPCSUtils\Utils\PassedParameters;
+use PHPCSUtils\Utils\TextStrings;
+use WordPressCS\WordPress\AbstractFunctionParameterSniff;
+
+/**
+ * Detect sanitization in register_setting().
+ *
+ * @since 1.4.0
+ */
+final class SettingSanitizationSniff extends AbstractFunctionParameterSniff {
+
+	/**
+	 * The group name for this group of functions.
+	 *
+	 * @since 1.4.0
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $group_name = 'register_setting';
+
+	/**
+	 * List of functions to examine.
+	 *
+	 * @since 1.4.0
+	 *
+	 * @var array<string, true> Key is function name, value irrelevant.
+	 */
+
+	protected $target_functions = array(
+		'register_setting' => true,
+	);
+
+	/**
+	 * Process the parameters of a matched function.
+	 *
+	 * @since 1.4.0
+	 *
+	 * @param int    $stackPtr        The position of the current token in the stack.
+	 * @param string $group_name      The name of the group which was matched.
+	 * @param string $matched_content The token content (function name) which was matched in lowercase.
+	 * @param array  $parameters      Array with information about the parameters.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function process_parameters( $stackPtr, $group_name, $matched_content, $parameters ) {
+		$third_param = PassedParameters::getParameterFromStack( $parameters, 3, 'args' );
+		$error_code  = MessageHelper::stringToErrorCode( $matched_content, true );
+
+		if ( false === $third_param ) {
+			$this->phpcsFile->addError(
+				'Sanitization missing for %s().',
+				$stackPtr,
+				$error_code . 'Missing',
+				array( $matched_content )
+			);
+
+			return;
+		}
+
+		$content = TextStrings::stripQuotes( $third_param['clean'] );
+
+		if ( is_numeric( $content ) || in_array( strtolower( $content ), array( 'true', 'false', 'null' ), true ) ) {
+			$this->phpcsFile->addError(
+				'Invalid sanitization provided for %s().',
+				$stackPtr,
+				$error_code . 'Invalid',
+				array( $matched_content )
+			);
+
+			return;
+		}
+
+		$next_token = $this->phpcsFile->findNext( Tokens::$emptyTokens, $third_param['start'], ( $third_param['end'] + 1 ), true );
+
+		if ( false !== $next_token ) {
+			$next_type = $this->tokens[ $next_token ]['type'];
+
+			if ( in_array( $next_type, array( 'T_ARRAY', 'T_OPEN_SHORT_ARRAY', 'T_VARIABLE', 'T_CALLABLE' ), true ) ) {
+				$this->phpcsFile->addWarning(
+					'Dynamic argument passed in third parameter of %s(). Please ensure proper sanitization.',
+					$stackPtr,
+					$error_code . 'Dynamic',
+					array( $matched_content )
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/phpcs-sniffs/PluginCheck/Tests/CodeAnalysis/SettingSanitizationUnitTest.inc b/phpcs-sniffs/PluginCheck/Tests/CodeAnalysis/SettingSanitizationUnitTest.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c4fa63f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phpcs-sniffs/PluginCheck/Tests/CodeAnalysis/SettingSanitizationUnitTest.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?php
+register_setting( 'my_options_group', 'my_option_name' ); // Error.
+register_setting( 'my_options_group', 'my_option_name', 10 ); // Error.
+register_setting( 'my_options_group', 'my_option_name', false ); // Error.
+register_setting( 'my_options_group', 'my_option_name', 'absint' ); // Good.
+register_setting('my_options_group','my_option_name', 'sanitize_text_field' ); // Good.
+register_setting('my_options_group', 'my_option_name', [ 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field']); // Warning.
+$args = array( 'sanitize_callback' => 'absint' );
+register_setting( 'my_options_group', 'my_option_name', $args ); // Warning.
+
+class TestClass {
+	public function register_setting() {
+	}
+}
+
+$obj = new TestClass();
+$obj->register_setting(); // Good.
+
+register_setting('my_options_group', 'my_option_name',array(&$this,'validate')); // Warning.
+
+register_setting(
+		'my_options_group',
+		$setting_key,
+		array(
+				'sanitize_callback' => $setting['sanitize_callback']
+		)
+); // Warning.
diff --git a/phpcs-sniffs/PluginCheck/Tests/CodeAnalysis/SettingSanitizationUnitTest.php b/phpcs-sniffs/PluginCheck/Tests/CodeAnalysis/SettingSanitizationUnitTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d63a3d5bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phpcs-sniffs/PluginCheck/Tests/CodeAnalysis/SettingSanitizationUnitTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Unit tests for SettingSanitizationSniff.
+ *
+ * @package PluginCheck
+ */
+
+namespace PluginCheckCS\PluginCheck\Tests\CodeAnalysis;
+
+use PluginCheckCS\PluginCheck\Sniffs\CodeAnalysis\SettingSanitizationSniff;
+use PluginCheckCS\PluginCheck\Tests\AbstractSniffUnitTest;
+use PHP_CodeSniffer\Sniffs\Sniff;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for SettingSanitizationSniff.
+ */
+final class SettingSanitizationUnitTest extends AbstractSniffUnitTest {
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the lines where errors should occur.
+	 *
+	 * @return array <int line number> => <int number of errors>
+	 */
+	public function getErrorList() {
+		return array(
+			2 => 1,
+			3 => 1,
+			4 => 1,
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the lines where warnings should occur.
+	 *
+	 * @return array <int line number> => <int number of warnings>
+	 */
+	public function getWarningList() {
+		return array(
+			7  => 1,
+			9  => 1,
+			19 => 1,
+			21 => 1,
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the fully qualified class name (FQCN) of the sniff.
+	 *
+	 * @return string The fully qualified class name of the sniff.
+	 */
+	protected function get_sniff_fqcn() {
+		return SettingSanitizationSniff::class;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the parameters for the sniff.
+	 *
+	 * @throws \RuntimeException If unable to set the ruleset parameters required for the test.
+	 *
+	 * @param Sniff $sniff The sniff being tested.
+	 */
+	public function set_sniff_parameters( Sniff $sniff ) {
+	}
+}
diff --git a/phpcs-sniffs/PluginCheck/ruleset.xml b/phpcs-sniffs/PluginCheck/ruleset.xml
index 4243c3285..901d7e6ae 100644
--- a/phpcs-sniffs/PluginCheck/ruleset.xml
+++ b/phpcs-sniffs/PluginCheck/ruleset.xml
@@ -8,5 +8,6 @@
 	<rule ref="PluginCheck.CodeAnalysis.Localhost" />
 	<rule ref="PluginCheck.CodeAnalysis.Offloading" />
 	<rule ref="PluginCheck.CodeAnalysis.RequiredFunctionParameters" />
+	<rule ref="PluginCheck.CodeAnalysis.SettingSanitization" />
 
 </ruleset>
diff --git a/tests/phpunit/testdata/plugins/test-plugin-setting-sanitization-check-with-errors/load.php b/tests/phpunit/testdata/plugins/test-plugin-setting-sanitization-check-with-errors/load.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6debcb4b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/phpunit/testdata/plugins/test-plugin-setting-sanitization-check-with-errors/load.php
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Plugin Name: Test Plugin Setting Sanitization check with errors
+ * Plugin URI: https://github.com/WordPress/plugin-check
+ * Description: Test plugin for the Setting Sanitization check.
+ * Requires at least: 6.0
+ * Requires PHP: 5.6
+ * Version: 1.0.0
+ * Author: WordPress Performance Team
+ * Author URI: https://make.wordpress.org/performance/
+ * License: GPLv2 or later
+ * License URI: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html
+ * Text Domain: test-plugin-setting-sanitization-check-with-errors
+ *
+ * @package test-plugin-setting-sanitization-check-with-errors
+ */
+
+// Settings.
+register_setting( 'my_options_group', 'option_1' ); // Error.
+register_setting( 'my_options_group', 'option_2', false ); // Error.
+register_setting( 'my_options_group', 'option_3', 'absint' ); // Good.
+$args = array( 'sanitize_callback' => 'absint' );
+register_setting( 'my_options_group', 'option_4', $args ); // Warning.
diff --git a/tests/phpunit/tests/Checker/Checks/Setting_Sanitization_Check_Test.php b/tests/phpunit/tests/Checker/Checks/Setting_Sanitization_Check_Test.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3622c1c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/phpunit/tests/Checker/Checks/Setting_Sanitization_Check_Test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Tests for the Setting_Sanitization_Check class.
+ *
+ * @package plugin-check
+ */
+
+use WordPress\Plugin_Check\Checker\Check_Context;
+use WordPress\Plugin_Check\Checker\Check_Result;
+use WordPress\Plugin_Check\Checker\Checks\Plugin_Repo\Setting_Sanitization_Check;
+
+class Setting_Sanitization_Check_Test extends WP_UnitTestCase {
+
+	public function test_run_with_errors() {
+		$check         = new Setting_Sanitization_Check();
+		$check_context = new Check_Context( UNIT_TESTS_PLUGIN_DIR . 'test-plugin-setting-sanitization-check-with-errors/load.php' );
+		$check_result  = new Check_Result( $check_context );
+
+		$check->run( $check_result );
+
+		$errors   = $check_result->get_errors();
+		$warnings = $check_result->get_warnings();
+
+		$this->assertNotEmpty( $errors );
+		$this->assertNotEmpty( $warnings );
+		$this->assertArrayHasKey( 'load.php', $errors );
+		$this->assertArrayHasKey( 'load.php', $warnings );
+
+		$this->assertSame( 'PluginCheck.CodeAnalysis.SettingSanitization.register_settingMissing', $errors['load.php'][19][1][0]['code'] );
+		$this->assertSame( 'PluginCheck.CodeAnalysis.SettingSanitization.register_settingInvalid', $errors['load.php'][20][1][0]['code'] );
+		$this->assertSame( 'PluginCheck.CodeAnalysis.SettingSanitization.register_settingDynamic', $warnings['load.php'][23][1][0]['code'] );
+	}
+}