frame_level_models.py

# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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"""Contains a collection of models which operate on variable-length sequences."""
import math

import models
import video_level_models
import tensorflow as tf
import model_utils as utils

import tensorflow.contrib.slim as slim
from tensorflow import flags

FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
flags.DEFINE_integer("iterations", 30, "Number of frames per batch for DBoF.")
flags.DEFINE_bool("dbof_add_batch_norm", True,
                  "Adds batch normalization to the DBoF model.")
flags.DEFINE_bool(
    "sample_random_frames", True,
    "If true samples random frames (for frame level models). If false, a random"
    "sequence of frames is sampled instead.")
flags.DEFINE_integer("dbof_cluster_size", 8192,
                     "Number of units in the DBoF cluster layer.")
flags.DEFINE_integer("dbof_hidden_size", 1024,
                     "Number of units in the DBoF hidden layer.")
flags.DEFINE_string(
    "dbof_pooling_method", "max",
    "The pooling method used in the DBoF cluster layer. "
    "Choices are 'average' and 'max'.")
flags.DEFINE_string(
    "video_level_classifier_model", "MoeModel",
    "Some Frame-Level models can be decomposed into a "
    "generalized pooling operation followed by a "
    "classifier layer")
flags.DEFINE_integer("lstm_cells", 1024, "Number of LSTM cells.")
flags.DEFINE_integer("lstm_layers", 2, "Number of LSTM layers.")


class FrameLevelLogisticModel(models.BaseModel):

  def create_model(self, model_input, vocab_size, num_frames, **unused_params):
    """Creates a model which uses a logistic classifier over the average of the

    frame-level features.

    This class is intended to be an example for implementors of frame level
    models. If you want to train a model over averaged features it is more
    efficient to average them beforehand rather than on the fly.

    Args:
      model_input: A 'batch_size' x 'max_frames' x 'num_features' matrix of
        input features.
      vocab_size: The number of classes in the dataset.
      num_frames: A vector of length 'batch' which indicates the number of
        frames for each video (before padding).

    Returns:
      A dictionary with a tensor containing the probability predictions of the
      model in the 'predictions' key. The dimensions of the tensor are
      'batch_size' x 'num_classes'.
    """
    num_frames = tf.cast(tf.expand_dims(num_frames, 1), tf.float32)
    feature_size = model_input.get_shape().as_list()[2]

    denominators = tf.reshape(
        tf.tile(num_frames, [1, feature_size]), [-1, feature_size])
    avg_pooled = tf.reduce_sum(model_input, axis=[1]) / denominators

    output = slim.fully_connected(
        avg_pooled,
        vocab_size,
        activation_fn=tf.nn.sigmoid,
        weights_regularizer=slim.l2_regularizer(1e-8))
    return {"predictions": output}


class DbofModel(models.BaseModel):
  """Creates a Deep Bag of Frames model.

  The model projects the features for each frame into a higher dimensional
  'clustering' space, pools across frames in that space, and then
  uses a configurable video-level model to classify the now aggregated features.

  The model will randomly sample either frames or sequences of frames during
  training to speed up convergence.

  Args:
    model_input: A 'batch_size' x 'max_frames' x 'num_features' matrix of input
      features.
    vocab_size: The number of classes in the dataset.
    num_frames: A vector of length 'batch' which indicates the number of frames
      for each video (before padding).

  Returns:
    A dictionary with a tensor containing the probability predictions of the
    model in the 'predictions' key. The dimensions of the tensor are
    'batch_size' x 'num_classes'.
  """

  def create_model(self,
                   model_input,
                   vocab_size,
                   num_frames,
                   iterations=None,
                   add_batch_norm=None,
                   sample_random_frames=None,
                   cluster_size=None,
                   hidden_size=None,
                   is_training=True,
                   **unused_params):
    iterations = iterations or FLAGS.iterations
    add_batch_norm = add_batch_norm or FLAGS.dbof_add_batch_norm
    random_frames = sample_random_frames or FLAGS.sample_random_frames
    cluster_size = cluster_size or FLAGS.dbof_cluster_size
    hidden1_size = hidden_size or FLAGS.dbof_hidden_size

    num_frames = tf.cast(tf.expand_dims(num_frames, 1), tf.float32)
    if random_frames:
      model_input = utils.SampleRandomFrames(model_input, num_frames,
                                             iterations)
    else:
      model_input = utils.SampleRandomSequence(model_input, num_frames,
                                               iterations)
    max_frames = model_input.get_shape().as_list()[1]
    feature_size = model_input.get_shape().as_list()[2]
    reshaped_input = tf.reshape(model_input, [-1, feature_size])
    tf.summary.histogram("input_hist", reshaped_input)

    if add_batch_norm:
      reshaped_input = slim.batch_norm(
          reshaped_input,
          center=True,
          scale=True,
          is_training=is_training,
          scope="input_bn")

    cluster_weights = tf.get_variable(
        "cluster_weights", [feature_size, cluster_size],
        initializer=tf.random_normal_initializer(stddev=1 /
                                                 math.sqrt(feature_size)))
    tf.summary.histogram("cluster_weights", cluster_weights)
    activation = tf.matmul(reshaped_input, cluster_weights)
    if add_batch_norm:
      activation = slim.batch_norm(
          activation,
          center=True,
          scale=True,
          is_training=is_training,
          scope="cluster_bn")
    else:
      cluster_biases = tf.get_variable(
          "cluster_biases", [cluster_size],
          initializer=tf.random_normal(stddev=1 / math.sqrt(feature_size)))
      tf.summary.histogram("cluster_biases", cluster_biases)
      activation += cluster_biases
    activation = tf.nn.relu6(activation)
    tf.summary.histogram("cluster_output", activation)

    activation = tf.reshape(activation, [-1, max_frames, cluster_size])
    activation = utils.FramePooling(activation, FLAGS.dbof_pooling_method)

    hidden1_weights = tf.get_variable(
        "hidden1_weights", [cluster_size, hidden1_size],
        initializer=tf.random_normal_initializer(stddev=1 /
                                                 math.sqrt(cluster_size)))
    tf.summary.histogram("hidden1_weights", hidden1_weights)
    activation = tf.matmul(activation, hidden1_weights)
    if add_batch_norm:
      activation = slim.batch_norm(
          activation,
          center=True,
          scale=True,
          is_training=is_training,
          scope="hidden1_bn")
    else:
      hidden1_biases = tf.get_variable(
          "hidden1_biases", [hidden1_size],
          initializer=tf.random_normal_initializer(stddev=0.01))
      tf.summary.histogram("hidden1_biases", hidden1_biases)
      activation += hidden1_biases
    activation = tf.nn.relu6(activation)
    tf.summary.histogram("hidden1_output", activation)

    aggregated_model = getattr(video_level_models,
                               FLAGS.video_level_classifier_model)
    return aggregated_model().create_model(
        model_input=activation, vocab_size=vocab_size, **unused_params)


class LstmModel(models.BaseModel):

  def create_model(self, model_input, vocab_size, num_frames, **unused_params):
    """Creates a model which uses a stack of LSTMs to represent the video.

    Args:
      model_input: A 'batch_size' x 'max_frames' x 'num_features' matrix of
        input features.
      vocab_size: The number of classes in the dataset.
      num_frames: A vector of length 'batch' which indicates the number of
        frames for each video (before padding).

    Returns:
      A dictionary with a tensor containing the probability predictions of the
      model in the 'predictions' key. The dimensions of the tensor are
      'batch_size' x 'num_classes'.
    """
    lstm_size = FLAGS.lstm_cells
    number_of_layers = FLAGS.lstm_layers

    stacked_lstm = tf.contrib.rnn.MultiRNNCell([
        tf.contrib.rnn.BasicLSTMCell(lstm_size, forget_bias=1.0)
        for _ in range(number_of_layers)
    ])

    loss = 0.0

    outputs, state = tf.nn.dynamic_rnn(
        stacked_lstm, model_input, sequence_length=num_frames, dtype=tf.float32)

    aggregated_model = getattr(video_level_models,
                               FLAGS.video_level_classifier_model)

    return aggregated_model().create_model(
        model_input=state[-1].h, vocab_size=vocab_size, **unused_params)