real_python.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

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# complex number
# Complex numbers are specified as <real part>+<imaginary part>j
z = 2 + 3j
print(z)
type(2 + 3j)


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1.8e308


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# 1.7e105
1.79e308


# # Escape sequence

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print("hello\vworld\tgood\aworld")


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print("\x456")


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print('\u2192 \N{rightwards arrow}')
print('\u2192 \N{leftwards arrow}')
print('\u2190 \N{downwards arrow}')
print('\u2193 \N{downwards arrow}')


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# Raw strings
- A raw string literal is preceded by r or R, which specifies that escape sequences in the associated string are not translated.


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# Avoid escape sequence \t \a \b \n \vt \r \xhh(hex)
print(r"Hello\tWorld")


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print("good\\programming")
print(r"good\\programming")
print(R"good\\programming")


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# List --> ordered, mutable, dynamic, contain any data type, accessed by index.
# Lists can even contain complex objects, like functions, classes, and modules.
# A list can contain any number of objects, from zero to as many as your computer’s memory.

[1,2,3,4,5] == [3,4,5,1,2]


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[1,2,3,4,5] == [1,2,3,4,5]


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int


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def foo():
    pass


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import math
math


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len


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x = [int, float, foo, math]


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print(x)


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a = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'qux', 'quux', 'corge']


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a[0]


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a[1],a[2],a[3],a[4],a[5]


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a[-1],a[-2],a[-3],a[3]


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# Slicing a[m:n] but it not includes n.
a[1:3]


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a[:4]


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a[::]


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a[-5:-2] == a[1:4]


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print(a[:4],a[0:4])


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len(a)


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print(a[2:],a[2:len(a)])


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print(a[:4] + a[4:])


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print(a[0:6:2])


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print(a[0:6:1])


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print(a[6:0:-1])


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print(a[:-1])
print(a[::-1])         #  reversing a list works the same way


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# The colon[:] syntax works for lists. However, 
# there is an important difference between how this operation works with a list and how it works with a string.

# string
s = "hello, world"
s[:]


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s[:] is s


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# list
# if a is a list, a[:] returns a new object that is a copy of a:
a = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'qux', 'quux', 'corge']


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a[:]


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a[:] is a


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# Several built-in functions can also be used, like "in" and "not in" operators :

print(a)
print("foo" in a)   # True
print("false" in a)  # False
print("false" not in a)   # True
print("bar" not in a)     # False


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# concatenation (+) and replication (*) operators :
# can concatenate only in list form.
print(a)
print(a + ["guess","login","idea"] + ["code","imagine","target"])


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# len(), min(), and max() functions :
print(len(a))

print(min(a))

print(max(a))