README.md

UwU

UwU is an esoteric dynamically-typed programming language that is very simple and easy to use.

Installation

Prerequisites

• GNU Make 4.0 or above

Build

To clone the repository:

git clone https://github.com/PhoenixHO-dev/UwU.git

To build:

make

To run:

uwu

to activate a REPL session, or

uwu <path> [-p | -e]

to execute a .uwu file.

• <path> is the path of the .uwu file.
• The optional flag -p can be used to print code instructions for debugging, while -e can be used to trace program execution.

Language Features/Syntax

Identifiers

UwU follows the same rules as C and C++ in terms of naming identifiers.

Variables

Variable declaration syntax:

uwu variable_name

To assign a value to the variable:

variable_name := value

Variables can also be initialized in their declaration like so:

uwu variable_name := value

Data Types

UwU is a statically typed programming language and you don't need to specify the data type when declaring a variable. It supports the following data types:

• Numbers (integers, decimal numbers, ...)
• Characters
• Strings
• Boolean

To declare a number variable:

uwu number := value

value can be any number (integer or decimal number).

To declare a string variable:

uwu string := "This is a string"

To declare a character variable:

uwu character := `c`

To declare a boolean variable:

uwu boolean := value

Here value can either be twue (equivalent to true in C++) or fawse (equivalent to false in C++).

Variables of a specific type can also be assigned values of other types, meaning that the new value overwrites the old one including the data type:

uwu var := 1     {: This is a number variable :}
var := "string"  {: This operation is still valid but 'var' is no longer of type number :}

Comments

UwU currently only supports multi-line comments. A comment in UwU starts with {: and ends with :} and anything inside will be entirely ignored. Example:

{: This is a comment and it will be ignored during compilation :}

Binary/Unary operators

• Addition +
• Subtraction -
• Multiplication *
• Division /
• Concatenation + (can be used with both characters and strings)
• Not !
• Negation -
• Comparison =, !=, <, <=, >, >= (Strings and Chars can be compared using the operators = and != too)
• Logical Operators awnd, ow

Variable Scope

UwU supports both local scope and global scope. A local scope/block is a set of statements put within a block. A block is a region enclosed by [: and :]. Similar to other programming languages like C or C++, variables declared within a block can only be accessed within that block, and are called local variables, in contrast with global variables that can be accessed anywhere in the program.

If statements

The syntax for an if-statement in UwU is:

?w? condition
[:
	{: code :}
:]

UwU also supports if..else statements:

?w? condition
[:
	{: executes if 'condition' is true :}
:]
ewe
[:
	{: executes otherwise :}
:]

Note that any non-zero value corresponds to twue while 0 corresponds to fawse.

Loops

Loops in UwU are different than while loops in C/C++ in that the code within the following block executes until a certain condition is met.
The syntax for untiw loops is:

untiw condition
[:
	{: executes until 'contidion' is true :}
:]

Printing expressions

The syntax for printing an expression is:

ouo expression >>

expression can be any valid expression in UwU.
To print multiple expressions:

ouo expression1, expression2, ... >>

To print a new line:

ouo ~n >>

To print a tab:

ouo ~t >>

Reading input

Reading input is different for each data type. The syntax is:

iwi type variable_name <<

type can be -s, -d, or -c.

• -s if for strings;
• -d is for numbers;
• -c is for characters.
  Example:

iwi-s string_var << {: Reads a string from input to 'string_var' :}

Functions

UwU supports both recursive and non-recursive functions.
To define a function:

fwun function_name(parameter1, parameter2, ...) [:
	{: function body :}
:]

Whereas function parameters are optional. And to call a function, simply

function_name(argument1, argument2, ...)

For functions that have return values:

fwun function_name(parameter1, parameter2, ...) [:
	{: function body :}
	
	out return_value >>
:]

Built-in functions

• powew(base, exponent): equivalent to pow(base, exponent) in C;
• floow(x): equivalent to floor(x) in C;
• abs(x): returns the absolute value of x;
• sqwt(x): returns the square root of x.

Supported operations

• Using binary operator + on strings/characters:
  "string" + `a` evaluates to "stringa"
`a` + "string" evaluates to "astring"
`a` + `b` evaluates to "ab"
• Using equality operators on non-numbers always evaluates to fawse;
• Assigning a value of a specific type to a variable of a different data type, that includes reading from input;
• Using non-boolean expressions as if-statement or loop condition.

UwU program examples

UwU "Hello World!" program:

ouo "Hewwo Wowwd!" >>

UwU program to check if the entered number is positive or negative:

uwu number

ouo "Enter a number: " >>
iwi-d number <<

?w? number <= 0 [:
	?w? number = 0 [:
		ouo ~n + "You entered a null number." >>
	:] ewe [:
		ouo ~n + "You entered a negative number." >>
	:]
:] ewe [:
	ouo ~n, "You entered a positive number." >>
:]

UwU program to print Fibonacci Sequence:

uwu t1 := 0
uwu t2 := 1
uwu nextTerm := t1 + t2

uwu n

ouo "Enter the number of terms: " >>
iwi-d n <<

ouo "Fibonacci Series: " + ~n >>
ouo t1, ", " >>
ouo t2, ", " >>

uwu i := 3
untiw i > n [:
	ouo nextTerm, ", " >>
	t1 := t2
	t2 := nextTerm
	nextTerm := t1 + t2
	i := i + 1
:]

UwU program to calculate the power of a number:

fwun power(b, e) [:
	uwu r := 1
	untiw e = 0 [:
		r := r * b
		e := e - 1
	:]

	out r >>
:]

uwu base
uwu exp
uwu result

ouo "Enter a base number: " >>
iwi-d base <<
ouo "Enter an exponent: " >>
iwi-d exp <<

result := power(base, exp)

ouo "Answer = ", result >>