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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<meta charset="utf-8" />
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<title>Geovisualistions (Maps)</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Learn how to choose the most effective data visualisation options for your research data from the OxShef Charts webste. OxShef is a collaboration between University of Oxford and University of Sheffield." />
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<h1 class="title toc-ignore">Geovisualistions (Maps)</h1>
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<div id="maps-geoviz-and-gis" class="section level1 tabset">
<h1>Maps, Geoviz and GIS</h1>
<p>Creating dataviz of geographic data (or showing data on a map) is a more involved process than creating charts, and requires specialist GIS software or packages. Typically, geographic dataviz seek to communicate one of five things:</p>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<ul>
<li><strong>Points/Locations</strong> on a map: buildings, cities, and countries.</li>
<li><strong>Journeys</strong> between locations on a map: flight paths, roads, and hurricane tracks.</li>
<li><strong>Regions</strong> on a map: zipcodes, city borders, and country borders.</li>
<li><strong>Topographical properties</strong> of Earth: ocean trenches and contour maps of mountains/hills.</li>
<li><strong>Meteorological data</strong>: this data often requires extremely specialised visualisations.</li>
</ul>
<p>If you’ve never worked with GIS data before you’re advised to consider contacting an expert as there are complex questions regarding; <strong>map projections</strong>, <strong>coordinate reference systems</strong>, <strong>base maps</strong> and more. This page is designed to provide you with enough information to decide what type of map and data preparation you’ll need to do before talking with an expert.</p>
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Republic of the Congo","Burundi","Cameroon","Chad","Comoros","Central African Republic","Cape Verde","Djibouti","Egypt","Equatorial Guinea","Eritrea","Ethiopia","Gambia","Gabon","Ghana","Guinea","Cote d'Ivoire","Kenya","Liberia","Libyan Arab Jamahiriya","Madagascar","Mali","Morocco","Mauritius","Mauritania","Mozambique","Malawi","Niger","Mayotte","Nigeria","Guinea-Bissau","Reunion","Rwanda","Seychelles","South Africa","Lesotho","Botswana","Senegal","Sierra Leone","Somalia","Sudan","Togo","Sao Tome and Principe","Tunisia","United Republic of Tanzania","Uganda","Burkina Faso","Namibia","Swaziland","Zambia","Zimbabwe","Saint Helena","Western Sahara"],{"interactive":false,"permanent":false,"direction":"auto","opacity":1,"offset":[0,0],"textsize":"10px","textOnly":false,"className":"","sticky":true},null]},{"method":"addLegend","args":[{"colors":["#FCFBFD","#EFEDF5","#DADAEB","#BCBDDC","#9E9AC8","#807DBA","#6A51A3","#4A1486"],"labels":["0 – 10 million","10 – 20 million","20 – 30 million","30 – 40 million","40 – 50 million","50 – 60 million","60 – 70 million","70 – 80 million"],"na_color":"#1b7837","na_label":"100 million+","opacity":1,"position":"topright","type":"bin","title":"Country Population\nin 2005","extra":null,"layerId":null,"className":"info legend","group":null}]}],"limits":{"lat":[-46.9569469999999,37.538055],"lng":[-25.33028,63.4663850000001]},"setView":[[-5.2660078828055,51.328125],2,[]]},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>
</center>
</div>
</div>
<div id="types-of-geoviz" class="section level2">
<h2>Types of Geoviz</h2>
<div id="htmlwidget-6454658ab33823892d7a" style="width:100%;height:auto;" class="datatables html-widget"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-6454658ab33823892d7a">{"x":{"filter":"none","data":[["Scatter geo plot<br><img src='lf_quakes.png' width='350px'><\/img>","Choropleth<br><img src='gg_africa_choropleth.png' width='350px'><\/img>","Cartogram<br><img src='lf_africa_cartogram.png' width='350px'><\/img>"],["Scatter geo plots are useful for showing specific locations, for instance; cities, wildlife filming equipment or earthquakes.\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\nSometimes it is useful to cluster together locations, as in the example image here.","Choropleth are useful for comparing different regions to one another, for instance visualising the individual country populations for a continent.","Cartograms are useful when it's desirable to compare how a variable (i.e. population) per square unit varies between regions.\r\n<br>\r\nIn this example the African continent has been distored by the population of each country, relative to it's physical size."],["<ul style='padding-left:0px;'>\r\n<li>Base maps and/or shapefiles<\/li>\r\n<ul style='padding-left:10px;'>\r\n<li>Without base maps/shapefiles your points will be floating in empty space.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/ul>","Technically, choropleth do not need any data other than user supplied shapefiles. However, base maps will help orientate the user.","Cartograms require the exact same types of data as choropleth. However, you will need to select an appropriate shape distortion algorithm."]],"container":"<table class=\"display\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>Name<\/th>\n <th>What is this useful for?<\/th>\n <th>Required GIS Data<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n<\/table>","options":{"dom":"t","order":[],"autoWidth":false,"orderClasses":false}},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>
<!-- ```{r} -->
<!-- ggplot() + -->
<!-- geom_sf(data = africa_shapefiles) + -->
<!-- geom_sf(data = africa_shapefiles %>% -->
<!-- st_centroid()) + -->
<!-- coord_sf(crs = st_crs(africa_shapefiles), datum = NA) + -->
<!-- scale_fill_viridis( -->
<!-- name = "Population (Millions)", -->
<!-- breaks = c(1, 50, 100, 140) -->
<!-- ) + -->
<!-- ggtitle("Geo scatter plot") + -->
<!-- theme_void() + -->
<!-- theme( -->
<!-- text = element_text(color = "#22211d"), -->
<!-- plot.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = NA), -->
<!-- panel.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = NA), -->
<!-- legend.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = NA) -->
<!-- ) -->
<!-- ``` -->
<!-- ```{r} -->
<!-- uk_locations <- tribble( -->
<!-- ~lat, ~lng, -->
<!-- 51.7383391,-1.2010547, -->
<!-- 52.4811483,-2.1771454, -->
<!-- 53.814155, -1.563959 -->
<!-- ) -->
<!-- uk_locations %>% -->
<!-- leaflet() %>% -->
<!-- addTiles() %>% -->
<!-- addMarkers() %>% -->
<!-- setMaxBounds(-7.57216793459, 49.959999905, 1.68153079591, 58.6350001085) -->
<!-- ``` -->
<!-- ```{r cache = TRUE} -->
<!-- ## Inspired by https://www.r-graph-gallery.com/331-basic-cartogram/ -->
<!-- africa_shapefiles <- wrld_simpl %>% -->
<!-- st_as_sf() %>% -->
<!-- filter(REGION == 2) %>% -->
<!-- st_transform("+init=epsg:3395") -->
<!-- gg_africa_choropleth <- ggplot() + -->
<!-- geom_sf(data = africa_shapefiles, aes(fill = POP2005 / 1000000)) + -->
<!-- coord_sf(crs = st_crs(africa_shapefiles), datum = NA) + -->
<!-- scale_fill_viridis( -->
<!-- name = "Population (Millions)", -->
<!-- breaks = c(1, 50, 100, 140), -->
<!-- guide = guide_legend( -->
<!-- keyheight = unit(3, units = "mm"), -->
<!-- keywidth = unit(12, units = "mm"), -->
<!-- label.position = "bottom", -->
<!-- title.position = 'top', -->
<!-- nrow = 4 -->
<!-- ) -->
<!-- ) + -->
<!-- theme_void() + -->
<!-- theme( -->
<!-- text = element_text(color = "#22211d"), -->
<!-- plot.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = NA), -->
<!-- panel.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = NA), -->
<!-- legend.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = NA) -->
<!-- # plot.title = element_text(size= 18, hjust=0.5, color = "#4e4d47", margin = margin(b = -0.1, t = 0.4, l = 2, unit = "cm")), -->
<!-- # legend.position = c(0.2, 0.46) -->
<!-- ) -->
<!-- ggsave("images/gg_africa_choropleth.png", -->
<!-- gg_africa_choropleth) -->
<!-- ``` -->
<!-- ```{r cache = TRUE} -->
<!-- simple_maps_cities <- read_csv("data/simple-maps_cities/worldcities.csv") -->
<!-- africa_shapefiles <- wrld_simpl %>% -->
<!-- st_as_sf() %>% -->
<!-- filter(REGION == 2) %>% -->
<!-- st_transform("+init=epsg:3395") %>% -->
<!-- mutate( -->
<!-- CENTROID = map(geometry, st_centroid), -->
<!-- COORDS = map(CENTROID, st_coordinates), -->
<!-- COORDS_X = map_dbl(COORDS, 1), -->
<!-- COORDS_Y = map_dbl(COORDS, 2) -->
<!-- ) -->
<!-- gg_africa_labelled <- ggplot() + -->
<!-- geom_sf(data = africa_shapefiles, fill = "white", color = "grey") + -->
<!-- coord_sf(crs = st_crs(africa_shapefiles), datum = NA) + -->
<!-- geom_label_repel(data = africa_shapefiles %>% -->
<!-- filter(POP2005 > 50e6), aes(x = COORDS_X, -->
<!-- y = COORDS_Y, label = NAME), -->
<!-- min.segment.length = 0.5) + -->
<!-- theme_void() + -->
<!-- theme( -->
<!-- text = element_text(color = "#22211d"), -->
<!-- plot.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = NA), -->
<!-- panel.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = NA), -->
<!-- legend.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = NA), -->
<!-- plot.title = element_text(size = 22, hjust = 0.5, color = "#4e4d47", margin = margin(b = -0.1, t = 0.4, l = 2, unit = "cm")), -->
<!-- legend.position = c(0.2, 0.46) -->
<!-- ) -->
<!-- ggsave("images/gg_africa_labelled.png", -->
<!-- gg_africa_labelled) -->
<!-- ``` -->
<!-- <center> -->
<!-- <img src='images/gg_africa_labelled.png' width='25%'></img> -->
<!-- <img src='images/gg_africa_choropleth.png' width='25%'></img> -->
<!-- </center> -->
</div>
</div>
</div> <!-- articleBandContent -->
</div> <!-- pageContent -->
<div id="rStudioFooter" class="band full">
<div class="bandContent">
<h4><a href="http://oxshef.io" target="_blank" style="color:#fff;font-weight:bold">OxShef</a></h4>
<div id="logos">
<!--<a href="https://twitter.com/rstudio" class="footerLogo twitter"></a>!-->
<a href="https://github.com/ox-it/OxfordIDN_charts" class="footerLogo gitHub"></a>
<!--<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/rstudio-inc" class="footerLogo linkedIn"></a>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/RStudio-Inc/267733656584415" Class="footerLogo facebook"></a>-->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- bizible -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.bizible.com/scripts/bizible.js" async=""></script>
</div>
<script>
// add bootstrap table styles to pandoc tables
function bootstrapStylePandocTables() {
$('tr.header').parent('thead').parent('table').addClass('table table-condensed');
}
$(document).ready(function () {
bootstrapStylePandocTables();
});
</script>
</body>
</html>