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Linux Server Configuration Project

About the project

A baseline installation of a Linux distribution on a virtual machine and prepare it to host web applications, to include installing updates, securing it from a number of attack vectors and installing/configuring web and database servers

  • IP Address: 35.176.176.224
  • SSH Port: 2200
  • URL: http://35.176.176.224

1. Update all packages

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Enable automatic security updates

sudo apt-get install unattended-upgrades
sudo dpkg-reconfigure --priority=low unattended-upgrades

2. Change timezone to UTC and Fix language issues

sudo timedatectl set-timezone UTC
sudo update-locale LANG=en_US.utf8 LANGUAGE=en_US.utf8 LC_ALL=en_US.utf8
3. Configure the Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) to only allow incoming connections for SSH (port 2200), HTTP (port 80), and NTP (port 123)
sudo ufw default deny incoming
sudo ufw default allow outgoing
sudo ufw allow www
sudo ufw allow ntp
sudo ufw allow 2200/tcp
sudo ufw enable
4. Go to Netowrking tab in your lightsail and do the following

1- go to Firewall 2- Click on +Add another 3- application >> Custom 4-Protocol >> TCP 5-port >> 2200

5. Change the SSH port from 22 to 2200

Make sure to do the previous step before changing the port to 2200. Otherwise, you will lose your machine.

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
  • Locate the line port 22 in the file /etc/ssh/sshd_config and edit it to port 2200, or any other desired port.
  • Find the PermitRootLogin line and edit it to no.
  • Find the PasswordAuthentication line and edit it to no.
  • Save the file and run sudo service ssh restart

6. Create a new user grader and Give him sudo access

sudo adduser grader
sudo nano /etc/sudoers.d/grader

Then add the following text grader ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

7. Setup SSH keys for grader

  • On local machine ssh-keygen Then choose the path for storing public and private keys
  • On remote machine home as user grader
sudo su - grader
mkdir .ssh
touch .ssh/authorized_keys
sudo chmod 700 .ssh
sudo chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys
nano .ssh/authorized_keys

Then paste the contents of the public key created on the local machine

8. Install Apache2 and mod-wsgi for python3 and Git

sudo apt-get install apache2 libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 git

Note: For Python2 replace libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 with libapache2-mod-wsgi

9. Install and configure PostgreSQL

sudo apt-get install libpq-dev python3-dev
sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib
sudo su - postgres
psql

Then

CREATE USER catalog WITH PASSWORD 'password';
CREATE DATABASE catalog WITH OWNER catalog;
\c catalog
REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA public FROM public;
GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA public TO catalog;
\q
exit

Note: In your catalog project you should change database engine to

engine = create_engine('postgresql://catalog:password@localhost/catalog')

10. Clone the Catalog app from GitHub and Configure it

cd /var/www/
sudo mkdir catalog
sudo chown grader:grader catalog
git clone <your_repo_url> catalog
cd catalog
nano catalog.wsgi

Then add the following in catalog.wsgi file

#!/usr/bin/python3
import sys
sys.stdout = sys.stderr

sys.path.insert(0,"/var/www/catalog")

from app import app as application

-If you don't have requirements.txt file, you can use

pip3 install flask packaging oauth2client redis passlib flask-httpauth
pip3 install sqlalchemy flask-sqlalchemy psycopg2 bleach requests

Edit Authorized JavaScript origins

12. Configure apache server

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf

Then add the following content:

# serve catalog app
<VirtualHost *:80>
  ServerName <IP_Address or Domain>
  ServerAdmin <Email>
  DocumentRoot /var/www/catalog
  WSGIDaemonProcess catalog user=grader group=grader
  WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/catalog/catalog.wsgi

  <Directory /var/www/catalog>
    WSGIProcessGroup catalog
    WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
    Require all granted
  </Directory>

  ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
  LogLevel warn
  CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

13. Reload & Restart Apache Server

sudo service apache2 reload
sudo service apache2 restart

14. run your site by enrtering the ip address (public ip) in your browser